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Topic: Tosk language

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tosk language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tosk is the southern dialect of Albanian language, spoken by about 3 million people.
		The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg, the northern dialect is the Shkumbin River.
		Tosk is the southern dialect of Albanian language.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Tosk-language (174 words)

	Tosk Albanian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tosk is the southern dialect of Albanian language.
		The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern dialect) is the Shkumbin River.
		Tosk has been the basis of the standard Albanian language.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tosk_language (77 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Albanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Languages sharing a common origin with Tosk are spoken by the Arbëreshë of Italy and among the Arvanites of Greece.
		Tosk is the dialect spoken by most members of the large Albanian immigrant communities that have recently arrived in these two countries, and in smaller Albanian communities in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and United States.
		Albanian, in the Tosk dialect, is the official language of Albania.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Albanian_language (964 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Minority languages are restricted in use between members of the minority groups and in the houses and public places of areas where minority populations are concentrated.
		The formation of the unified national literary language (standard language), as the most elaborated variant of the Albanian language, has gone through a long process, which began in 16th and 17th centuries with the cultivation of Albanian writing in the north and in the Albanophone regions of Italy.
		Following a public debate, the draft on âOrthography Rules of the Albanian Languageâ of 1967 was submitted for discussion to the Congress on orthography of the Albanian language held in Tirana in 1972.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=36&menu=004 (1460 words)

	Albanian language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A third distinct group of dialects, spoken by descendants of 15th and 16th century expatriates in southeastern Italy, in small communities in the provinces of Sicily, Calabria, Basilicata, Campania, Molise, Abruzzi, and Puglia, is called Arbëreshë.
		Tosk is furthermore divided into many mutually intelligible sub-dialects, which either belong to the Labërishte sub-group or the Çamërishte sub-group, including north-western Greece, but not to be confused with the Arvanites.
		Although there's no documentation on the Albanian language prior to the 15th century AD, it is widely assumed that Greek and Balkan Latin (which was the ancestor of Romanian and other Balkan Romance languages), would exert a great influence on Albanian.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Albanian_language (1498 words)

	Albanian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Albanian was proved to be an Indo-European language in the 1850s, that is thought by some to derive principally from either the Illyrian languages or the Dacian language, both spoken in the south-eastern Europe two millennia ago, and forms part of no known wider sub-group within the Indo-European family.
		Tosk is spoken in southern and central Albania, by the Arbëreshë of Italy, among the Albanian minority of Greece: the Çam and the Arvanites, and in small communities of Albanian immigrants in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and United States.
		Gheg (or Geg) is spoken in northern Albania and by the Albanians of Serbia and Montenegro (Southern Montenegro and Southern Serbia), the UN protectorate of Kosovo, as well as those of the Republic of Macedonia.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Albanian_language (1029 words)

	Ethnologue: Albania
		Tosk has been the basis for the official dialect for Standard Albanian since 1945.
		Structurally a distinct language from Romanian (F. Agard).
		It split from the other three Romanian languages between 500 and 1000 A.D. 'Armini' refers to the people.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Alba.html (255 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - UA Ukraine, Ukraine, Ukraine - Sprache, Langue, Language
		ethnologue - Crimean Gothic - Language of UA (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=got
		ethnologue - Czech - Language of UA (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ces
		ethnologue - Gothic - Language of UA (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=got
	www.etymologie.info /~e/u_/ua-sprach.html (626 words)

	Osmanlı Tarihi Kültürü Medeniyeti Edebiyatı Sanatı
		The related languages spoken in Italian and Greek enclaves have a common origin with Tosk and appear to be related most closely to the dialect of Ã‡amÃ«ria in the extreme south of Albania.
		Due to the heavy influence of the Italian and Greek languages with which they have come into contact, they have diverged significantly from standard Albanian and are regarded by their speakers as distinct languages.
		There are two principal dialects, the Tosk and the Gheg which are mutually intelligible depending on the level of speakers' literacy and proficiency in standard Albanian.
	www.osmanlimedeniyeti.com /wiki/Albanian_language_.html (1020 words)

	Albanian Information - Albanian.com
		The two principal dialects, Gheg in the north and Tosk in the south, are separated roughly by the Shkumbin River.
		The language is still in use in Mandritsa, Bulgaria, at the border near Edirne, and in an offshoot of this village surviving in Mndres, near Kilk’s in Greece, that dates from the Balkan Wars.
		A Tosk enclave near Melitopol in the Ukraine appears to be of moderately recent settlement from Bulgaria.
	www.albanian.com /main/culture/language/dialects.html (280 words)

	Albanian language Article, Albanianlanguage Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Albanian was proved to be an Indo-European language in the 1850s, that is thought by some to derive principally from either the Illyrian languages or the Dacian language, both spoken in the south-eastern Europe two millennia ago, and forms part of noknown wider sub-group within the Indo-European family.
		Tosk is spoken in southern and central Albania, by the Arbëreshë of Italy, among the Albanian minorityof Greece : the Çam and the Arvanites, and in small communities of Albanian immigrants in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and United States.
		Albanian isalso one of the official languages of Kosovo, and of the Republic of Macedonia.
	www.anoca.org /listen/alphabet/albanian_language.html (756 words)

	Talk:Arvanitic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I believe that Arvanitic language should be moved to Arvanitic (linguistics) to reflect the fact that its status as a dialect or a language in its own right is disputed.
		If you look up language, you will see that language is a form of communication and therefore, calling something a language does not in itself mean that it can not be a dialect.
		The status of this language is disputed, and the neutral Arvanitic (linguistics) should be used.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Arvanitic_language (9302 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - AL Albanien, Albanie, Albania - Sprache, Langue, Language
		Albanian is an Indo-European language and it represents a separate branch of this family on the basis of its idiosyncrasy.
		The existence of Albanians and Albanian language is witnessed in the second century A.D. by the Greek geographer Ptoleme.
		The Albanian language is also used (written & spoken) in the parts of the Former Federative Republics of Yugoslavia (Montenegro, Serbia and Macedonia), where ethnic Albanians live.
	www.wortherkunft.de /~e/a_/al-sprach.html (700 words)

	Untitled Document
		The official language, written in a standard roman-style orthography adopted in 1909, was based on the south Gheg dialect of Elbasan from the beginning of the Albanian state until World War II, and since has been modelled on Tosk.
		Because of the superficial changes in the phonetic shape of the language over 3,000 years and because of the borrowing of words from neighbouring cultures, the continuity of the Indo-European heritage in Albanian has been underrated.
		A fair number of features--e.g., the formation of the future tense and of the noun phrase--are shared with other languages of the Balkans but are of obscure origin and development; Albanian or its earlier kin could easily be the source for at least some of these.
	www.geocities.com /come2albania/language.htm (1700 words)

	Albanian
		Tosk is spoken in southern and central Albania, in Italy, Greece and in small communities of Albanian immigrants in Ukraine, Turkey, Egypt, and the United States.
		Albanian (Tosk) is the official language of Albania.
		In general, the grammar of Albanian is similar to that of Modern Greek and the Romance languages, especially of Romanian.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/february/albanian.html (630 words)

	Dialects (from Albanian language) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Indo-European language spoken in Albania and by smaller numbers of ethnic Albanians in other parts of the southern Balkans, along the east coast of Italy and in Sicily, in southern Greece, and in Germany, Sweden, the United States, Ukraine, and Belgium.
		The word comes from the Ancient Greek dialektos “discourse, language, dialect,” which is derived from dialegesthai “to discourse, talk.” A dialect may be distinguished from other dialects of the same language by features of any part of the linguistic structure—the phonology, morphology, or syntax.
		A language family that covers a broad geographical region and a vast historical period, the Semitic language group is part of an even larger language family known as Afro-Asiatic, or Hamito-Semitic.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-74918 (787 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ALN
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Population total all countries 3,000,000 for Tosk, 5,000,000 for all Albanian (L. Newmark and WA 1999).
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=ALN (144 words)

	The Unreached Peoples Prayer Profiles
		The Tosk live south of the Shkumbin River, while the Gheg live north of the river.
		In the 1950's it was decided that the Tosk dialect would be used in all Albanian publications, since it was the one most widely spoken in Albania.
		Many of the Tosk are Orthodox; however, their religious practices have always been nominal and superficial.
	www.global12project.com /2004/profiles/p_code1/1142.html (780 words)

	ODIN results for language Albanian, Tosk (ALN)
		For those results that indicate Verified as "Highest" or "High", all instances of IGT in the document have been manually verified both to be IGT and to be in the language specified.
		"Low" indicates that the language was not verified, although the instances discovered are IGT.
		For more information about the language selected, click the language name or language code above and the Ethnologue report page for the language will be opened.
	www.csufresno.edu /odin/igt_urls.php?lang=ALN (214 words)

	TOSK ALBANIAN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Spoken by 2,900,000 people mainly in south Albania; it is the national language.
		Source: "A Panorama of Indo-European Languages" by W.B. Lockwood, M.A., D. Litt.
		Source: "Das Gebet des Herrn in den Sprachen Russlands" ("The Lord's Prayer in the languages of Russia"), St. Petersburg, 1870.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/JPN-alb-tosk.html (63 words)

	Overview of the Albanian Language to Help You Learn Albanian
		In the mid-1800s, linguists determined that Albanian is an Indo-European language, forming its own branch of the Indo-European language family, but it is not closely related to the other Indo-European languages.
		Educated speakers of Tosk and Gheg can usually understand each other, although less educated speakers who speak more extreme dialect variations may not be able to converse.
		Because the Albanian language has no close relatives in its language family, Albanian vocabulary includes many words that do not have cognates in any other languages.
	www.transparent.com /languagepages/albanian/overview.htm (648 words)

	Albanian (Tosk) - Albanian (Tosk) Language
		The samples of 2000 languages in the world
		Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
		Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty.
	www.language-museum.com /a/albanian-tosk.php (164 words)

	Another discussion on arvanites issue - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		the language issue is untrue of course, the greek revolution was prepared for decades by the philike hetairia in russia and the west, together with foreign support, it would be ludicrous to do all that for a country that wouldnt even speak greek...
		FACT: Tosks are much more similar racially and culturally to Greeks than they are to Ghegs, also their names are Greek and their Tosk language is influenced strongly by Greek.
		4) The rehellinization of the Tosks (the southern Albanians).
	pub18.ezboard.com /fbalkansfrm36.showNextMessage?topicID=34.topic (3002 words)

	EveryTongue.com Language Recordings Main page
		Here is the list of languages that you can hear if you order the cassette tape.
		Here is a list of the languages that do not have a recording.
		Here you can listen to a recording in a language you know and then listen to the same recording in a language that you want to learn.
	www.everytongue.com (531 words)

	Albanian language, alphabets and pronunciation
		Albanian is an Indo-European language which forms its own branch in the Indo-European family and has no close relatives.
		The dialects are more or less mutually intelligible and Tosk is the official language of Albania, and one of the official languages of Kosovo and Macedonia.
		They have both also been written with the Turkish version of the Arabic alphabet.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/albanian.htm (332 words)

	Etymologie, Étymologie, Etymology - SE Schweden, Suède, Sweden - Sprache, Langue, Language
		ethnologue - Albanian, Tosk - Language of SE (E3)(L1) http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=als
		The Swedish language is rather limited when it comes to cursing, swearing and using four-letter words.
		A remarkably rich collection of such words is contained in the text of Svordomsvisan, literally "The Carol of Curses".
	www.wortherkunft.de /~e/s_/se-sprach.html (959 words)

	On-line language recordings you can listen to now - List 1 - EveryTongue.com
		Note: The audio and video links below play a recording of a cassette using software that is probably on your computer.
		(Language name, population and Ethno-code from SIL International, www.ethnologue.com)
		Below are languages in countries that begin with A through L. Click here
	www.everytongue.com /list1-on-line-recordings.htm (140 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Languages
		This entry provides a rank ordering of languages starting with the largest and sometimes includes the percent of total population speaking that language.
		Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population
		English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2098.html (1738 words)

	Tosk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tosk, a Norwegian word for fool or gitt.
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
		Tror ikke du fyller ut noen søknad og du har heller aldri gjort det. Skaff deg et arbeid din latsabb og la være å hetse de som ikke er redd for å ta i et tak, nemlig bonden.
	www.infoslurp.com /information/Tosk (167 words)

	Languages by Countries — Infoplease.com
		English 7% (official), Afrikaans is common language of most of the population and of about 60% of the white population, German 32%; indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama
		Thai (Siamese), English (secondary language of the elite), ethnic and regional dialects
		Bingobabble: Jeremy Seabrook translates the exotic language of poverty spoken in a country rarely visited by its subjects.(LANGUAGE)...
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0855611.html (1366 words)

	albania language and other albania related information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Languages of Albania · Language · Albanian · Basic Vocabulary · Cyrillic Alphabet · European Minorities Languages · [ zoek...
		http://albania.e-text.it/citta/citta.htm - In Albania Language - Cities w/Map = Apollonia - Ardenitza - Argirocastro - Berati - Butrinto - Croia - Durazzo - Korce - Lissa - Scutari - Tefi - Tirana...
		Information on the living spoken languages and dialects of the country and statistics.
	www.nethorde.com /albania/albania-language.html (218 words)

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