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Topic: Total fertility rate

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Demography

	Total Fertility Rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The total fertility rate (TFR, also called fertility rate or total period fertility rate) of a population is the average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she were to experience the current age-specific fertility rates through her lifetime.
		The TFR is therefore a measure of the fertility of an imaginary woman who passes through her reproductive life and is subject to all age-specific fertility rates that were actually recorded in a given year.
		Fertility rates are also higher due to the lack of access to contraceptives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fertility_rate (659 words)

	Birth Rate / Fertility / Family Size
		The fertility rates are at or under the replacement rate in every developed nation in the world, and fall as those in less-developed nations increase the literacy and educational attainment of their populations.
		The Total Fertility Rate (total fertility rate) of Bhutan, Maldives and Pakistan, 1995-2000.
		Total fertility rate in Kuwait in 2000, a decline from 6.6 in 1980.
	www.pobronson.com /factbook/pages/225.html (3401 words)

	Table 4. Selected derived measures of natality: 1948-1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The gross reproduction rate is not affected by the age structure of the population because it is, in effect, an age-standardized fertility rate with each age given a weight of one.
		Total fertility rates calculates using data from civil registers of live births which are reported as incomplete (less than 90 per cent completeness) or of unknown completeness are considered unreliable and are replaced by estimates prepared by the Population Division of the United Nations Secretariat.
		Total fertility rates shown in this table are subject to all the same limitations which affect the data on live births by age of mother and the data on population by age and sex from which they have been calculated.
	twig.sdsu.edu /demoybk/technote/english/notes/table04.htm (2452 words)

	Demographic Fertility Distribution
		Total fertility rate is, however, unlikely to shift indefinitely toward zero.
		TFR is therefore bound by a minimum that responds to a global parameter (tfrmin).
		Once we have computed the total fertility rate (TFR), the number of births in a given year is a simple function of the fertility distribution and the TFR.
	www.du.edu /~bhughes/WebHelpIFs/demeqn/demographic_fertility_distribution.htm (617 words)

	Title
		The highest TFR of the 1945 birth cohort was observed in Iceland, with 2.87 births per woman, and the lowest in the former Federal Republic of Germany, with 1.77 births.
		Unlike the period total fertility rates shown in table 1, there are not much fluctuations in the cohort total fertility rates of women born between 1945 and 1960; rather, in general, there is a tendency towards a smooth decline in fertility from 1945 to 1960.
		The trend in fertility examined by using period measure is, however, based on the reproductive performance of a hypothetical cohort of women who experienced over their lifetime the age-specific fertility rates observed in a particular population at a particular time.
	www.un.org /esa/population/pubsarchive/gubhaju/lowfert.htm (7512 words)

	Center for Health Statistics - NJ Health Statistics, 1996: Natality
		The general fertility rate is derived by dividing the number of births by the population of females aged 15 through 44.
		Total fertility is an estimate of the number of children a group of women would have over their lifetimes at the age-specific rates in effect at the time total fertility is calculated.
		The total fertility rate is calculated by multiplying the age-specific birth rate for each five-year age group from ages 10 through 49 by five (the number of years in the age group), and adding the results for each of the groups.
	www.state.nj.us /health/chs/stats96/natal1.htm (1517 words)

	F - Glossary - ADB.org
		The total fertility rate is the average number of children who would be born alive to a woman during her lifetime, if she were to bear children at each age in accordance with the prevailing age-specific fertility rates.
		Total fertility rate refers to the average number of children that would be born to a woman by the time she ended childbearing if she were to pass through all her childbearing years conforming to the age-specific fertility rates of a given year.
		The total number of children a woman would have by the end of her reproductive period (usually defined between age 15 to 44 years or 15 to 49 years) if she experienced the currently prevailing age-specific fertility rates (ASFR) throughout her childbearing life.
	www.adb.org /Statistics/Poverty/F.asp (408 words)

	Birth rate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In demography, the crude birth rate of a population is the number of childbirths per 1000 persons per year.
		This figure is combined with the crude death rate to produce the rate of population expansion.
		Birth rate is also sometimes used to refer to the projected average number of children born to each woman over the course of her life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Birth_rate (257 words)

	The Daily, Monday, April 19, 2004. Births
		Canada's crude birth rate (the number of live births for every 1,000 people in the population) fell to its all-time low in 2002 in the wake of another decline in the number of live births.
		The crude birth rate dropped to 10.5 live births for every 1,000 population, the lowest since vital statistics began to be produced nationally in 1921.
		Total fertility rate is an estimate of the average number of children women aged 15 to 49 will have in their lifetime.
	www.statcan.ca /Daily/English/040419/d040419b.htm (744 words)

	U.S. Fertility Trends: Boom and Bust and Leveling Off (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The total fertility rate is a cumulative measure of separate fertility rates for women of different ages in a given year.
		In 2001, the total fertility rate was 2.1, which means that a woman or group of women would be expected to have two children, on average, by the time they reached the end of their childbearing years.
		The crude birth rate is useful as a general measure of fertility, but demographers generally prefer the total fertility rate because it takes into account the age structure of the population.
	www.prb.org /AmeristatTemplate.cfm?Section=Fertility&template=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=2335 (387 words)

	Fertility Detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The central indicator of fertility is the total fertility rate, the number of children that the average woman will bear throughout her life.
		In addition, however, there is a parameter (tfrconv) that controls the convergence time in years of the basic fertility rate in a specific country or region and the rate expected based on the GDP/Capita of the country.
		Finally, there is a very important parameter (ttffr) that generally lowers the fertility rate of a country over time, to represent the changes in values and technology that are not now explicity represented in the causal logic of the model.
	www.du.edu /~bhughes/WebHelpIFs/flowchts/fertility_detail.htm (244 words)

	The First Measured Century: Book: Section 4.9
		The total fertility rate is an artificial measure of the average number of children that women have during their lifetimes.
		The total fertility rate of 3.8 children per woman in the first decade of the twentieth century was part of a longer-term decline that began during the nation’s industrial revolution in the nineteenth century and continued until 1930, hovering near the replacement level during the decade that followed.
		The total fertility rate of nonwhite women was about one child greater than that of white women in the early 1900s, 4.9 versus 3.6 children per woman.
	www.pbs.org /fmc/book/4family9.htm (575 words)

	Center for Health Statistics - NJ Health Statistics 1997
		The birth rate in New Jersey for 1997 was 14.1 per 1,000 population, a 1.4 percent decrease from the 1996 rate.
		In 1997, the county with the highest birth rate per 1,000 county-specific population was Essex County (16.4) and the lowest birth rate was in Salem County (11.6).
		The total fertility rate for fl women continued to exceed the population replacement rate (by 3.9 percent), while the total fertility rate for white females remained below the population replacement rate (by 13.2 percent).
	www.state.nj.us /health/chs/stats97/natalov.htm (1614 words)

	Tools of the Trade - General Fertility Rate and Total Fertility Rate
		The 1996 general fertility rate of 57.2 live births per 1,000 females 15-44 years of age was the lowest recorded during the period of 1950-1996.
		National TFR's are published using five-year Intervals and, therefore, we also use them for comparability.) The TFR estimates the number of children a cohort of 1,000 women would bear if they all went through their childbearing years exposed to the age-specific birth rates in effect for a particular time.
		The TFR is the sum of the age-specific birth rates multiplied by five or (351.4 x 5 = 1757.0).
	www.health.state.pa.us /hpa/stats/techassist/fertility.htm (555 words)

	Notes and Definitions - Total fertility rate
		The total fertility rate (TFR) is a more direct measure of the level of fertility than the crude birth rate, since it refers to births per woman.
		A rate of two children per woman is considered the replacement rate for a population, resulting in relative stability in terms of total numbers.
		Global fertility rates are in general decline and this trend is most pronounced in industrialized countries, especially Western Europe, where populations are projected to decline dramatically over the next 50 years.
	www.exxun.com /eznd/nd_total_fertility.html (440 words)

	Fertility: A baby bounce for Australia?
		The Total Fertility Rate (referred to as the fertility rate in this note) summarises this latter information in terms of the average number of babies expected to be borne by a woman in her lifetime.
		The decline in fertility is the major reason for the ageing of the population given that immigration has only a marginal impact on the age structure of the Australian population.
		Indicators of an increase in fertility would be an increase in age-specific first marriage rates (69 per cent of births were to women in a registered marriage in 2001) and/or fertility rates for younger women.
	www.aph.gov.au /library/pubs/CIB/2003-04/04cib01.htm (1365 words)

	World Politics Connectext Chapter 14
		The fertility rate measures the number of children that a woman is expected to bear during her lifetime, based on the age-specific fertility figures of women between 15 and 40 (the normal childbearing years).
		While fertility rates tell us a great deal about present population growth, with high fertility rates indicating high population growth rates, they are also indicative of potential or projected growth.
		Given present fertility rates, for example, the number of offspring from the average German woman over the next three generations (the total number of children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren) will be 7.
	www.dushkin.com /connectext/wp/ch14/fertility.mhtml (211 words)

	Preliminary Results of 1998 NDHS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Age-specific and total fertility rates for the survey are calculated directly from the pregnancy history data and are shown in Table 1, along with the mean number of children ever born.
		The total and age-specific fertility rates are for the three-year period before the survey, a period covering principally the calendar year 1995-1997.
		The total fertility rate is the sum of the age-specific and is a useful measure of of the level of recent fertility.
	www.census.gov.ph /hhld/ndhs9801.html (354 words)

	IIA: Stochastic Model of OASDI program
		Equations were selected for a set of assumption variables that include the total fertility rate, changes in mortality, levels of immigration, emigration, and net other immigration, unemployment rate, inflation rate, real interest rate, growth rate in the real average wage, and disability incidence and recovery rates.
		total fertility rate is the sum of age-specific birth rates2 for women aged 14 through 49.
		Thus, the total fertility rate for a given year may be interpreted as the average number of children that would be born to a woman throughout her lifetime if she were to survive the entire childbearing period and experience the observed age-specific birth rate each year of her life.
	www.ssa.gov /OACT/NOTES/as117/LR_Stochastic_IIA.html (320 words)

	Lab #4: Total Fertility and Population Momentum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Immigrants from high fertility countries tend to have fewer babies than their fellow countrymen at home, but tend to have more babies than the average "old-stock" American (someone multiple generations removed from the immigrant experience).
		For the first exercise, you will be computing the 1988 total fertility rate and briefly discussing in a paragraph how it compares to the current TFR of approximately 2.1.
		Even when total fertility declines, there is a lag period before the rate of natural increase declines.
	www.geo.hunter.cuny.edu /~imiyares/popmomentum.htm (709 words)

	Young, C. - People and Place Vol 5 No 2
		For example, with an assumption of a total fertility rate of 1.865 children per woman and annual net migration of 50,000, ABS projections published in 1996 and additional projections in 1997 suggest a population of 24.5 million in 2051 and an ultimate population of more than 25 million.
		In particular, a scenario of zero net migration and a total fertility rate of 1.865 children per woman would produce a population total in 2051 which is two million higher than the total in 1995.
		The difference between the two population totals is relatively small, but the figures do show that a difference in expectation of life of around five years for both males and females can produce a difference of around one million in the size of the projected population over a forty year period.
	elecpress.monash.edu.au /pnp/free/pnpv5n2/young.htm (2477 words)

	Quiz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The TFR of 2.05 equals the sum of age-specific fertility rates, divided by 1000.
		In the video on fertility in Nigeria, several of the participants -- the women, men in the community, the priest -- referred to children as gifts from God and the number of children they have is out of their control.
		For these women, controlling fertility was an impossible task as the number of kids one has is in God's hands.
	www.unc.edu /courses/2001fall/soci/021/001/review/answerQuiz2.html (597 words)

	Gene Expression: Abortion does not significantly impact Total Fertility Rate
		The white TFR where abortion is legal and Medicaid funding for the procedure available is estimated to be 1.81.
		The fl TFR where abortion is legal and Medicaid funding for the procedure available is estimated to be 2.18.
		TFR has been dropping worldwide as a function of socioeconomic development, the level of women's education, and the availability of oral contraception.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/002685.html?entry=2685 (523 words)

	Total fertility rate down in 2004 [MaltaMedia.com]
		In Malta the total fertility rate for 2004 stood at 1.37, which is well below the rate of 2.1 which is considered to be the replacement level for developed countries.
		In 2004, a total of 70 children ranging in ages from newborns to 18 year-olds, were adopted in Malta.
		Nuptiality is on the decrease and the crude marriage rate for 2003 was of 6.1.
	www.maltamedia.com /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi?archive=13&num=6025 (544 words)

	C. Total fertility rate ("TFR") (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		An encouraging piece of news is that nearly 70 of the world's 192 nations had TFR equal to or lower than replacement level fertility (RLF) by 1999.
		TFR for the U.S. in mid-2005 is 2.0 children per woman.
		This is about the same as RLF, and TFR in the US has been at RLF since 1972.
	oregonstate.edu /~muirp/tfr.htm (157 words)

	International News \| Australia's Total Fertility Rate Reaches Lowest Level to Date - Kaisernetwork.org
		The total fertility rate in Australia dropped to 1.73 children per woman in 2001, the lowest level ever recorded, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne's
		In addition to the low fertility rate, the average age of women who gave birth last year in Australia was 30, the highest average recorded so far (Ruse,
		Despite the decline, Australia's fertility rate remains higher than rates in some other developed nations; the total fertility rate in the United States is 1.9 children per woman, and the rate in Japan is 1.3 children per woman (
	www.kaisernetwork.org /daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=14526 (296 words)

	[No title]
		Further, the total amount of decrease in TFR caused by the retarded tempo of cohort fertility is formalized by the author (Hirosima,2000) and shown in Table 2, i.e.
		Cohort first marriage rate and birth rate are derived from annual first marriage rate and birth rates that were calculated for 52 years from 1947 to 1998 using age-specific first marriages and births for females.
		The cohort complete ever-married rates and completed fertility that have to do with recent TFR were projected to converge to almost the same value as the current annual TFMR (0.717) and TFR (1.300) since the upward and downward trends in age-specific first marriage rates and birth rates cancelled each other.
	demography.anu.edu.au /Publications/ConferencePapers/IUSSP2001/PaperHirosima.doc (1592 words)

	[No title]
		The total fertility rate in the country is rather high, 4.1 in 2001 as reported in 2002 World Population Data Sheet (Population Reference Bureau, 2002).
		The total fertility rate is “the average number of children that would be born to women during their child-bearing years conforming to the age specific fertility rates of a given year” (Central Bureau of Statistics, 1995:69).
		Similarly, the total fertility rate tends to be low in districts with large urban population.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/p/b/pbb115/Final_Project.doc (2063 words)

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