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Totonac language

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	Arizona Vanilla Company - Vanilla Beans and Totonac Pure Vanilla Extract
		Arizona Vanilla Company - Vanilla Beans and Totonac Pure Vanilla Extract
		Just select the product you would like to purchase
		Check them both out in our vanilla store!
	www.arizonavanilla.com (235 words)

	Totonac Summary
		At that time the Totonac occupied a strip of land flanked by the Atlantic Ocean and the Sierra Madre Oriental, between the Cazones River in the north and La Antigua River near the present port of Veracruz.
		The Totonac had a goddess, the consort of the sun god, whose temple was high in the sierra.
		Totonac women were expert weavers and embroiderers; they dressed grandly and braided their hair with feathers.
	www.bookrags.com /Totonac (1909 words)

	147th ASA Meeting
		The connection between the pyramid of Kukulkan and the Queztal bird is supported by a Mayan glyph from the Dresden Codex.
		The Totonac were contemporary with the Maya and shared a similar culture.
		The Totonac also configured their architecture in such a way that time and space were integrated.
	www.acoustics.org /press/147th/sanchez.htm (1076 words)

	Detail Page
		A sixteenth-century account states that the local inhabitants of the coastal region saw the Totonac "coming out of the sea." This was possibly one of several migrations of the group, as the Toltec were establishing colonies and displacing smaller cultures.
		The Totonac survived the rivalry and the subsequent difficulties.
		Totonac clothing was also comfortable and distinguished by good materials, and adhered to the usual Mesoamerican styles of loincloths, tunics, skirts and mantles.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=MES1259 (849 words)

	Ecoturismolatino.com / EcoTravellers / Travel Guide / EcoTravel Directory / Mexico / Totonacas
		According to the Dictionary of the Language Nahuatl or Mexican, the Totonac term is the totonacatl plural and it refers to the inhabitants of the county of Totonacapan.
		In the Totonac language this word "totonaco" it is composed by the terms tu'tu or a'ktu'tu with respect to the number three and nacu' that means heart.
		The Totonac inhabit the coastal plain of the state of Veracruz and the North Sierra of Puebla.
	www.ecoturismolatino.com /eng/ecotravellers/guide/countries/mexico/culture/ethnic/etotonacas.htm (623 words)

	Totonac Indians
		In 1575-77 the Totonac, in common with all the other tribes of Southern Mexico, were ravaged by the mysterious matlalzahuatl epidemic, estimated to have destroyed two millions of the native race.
		About the year 1600, in accordance with a viceregal scheme of concentration, the entire population of Cempoala was removed to a new site, and the ancient capital thenceforth sank to the level of a village.
		The modern Totonac of Puebla and Vera Cruz are industrious farmers, their chief crop being sugar cane, from which they manufacture sugar in their own mills.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/t/totonac_indians.html (884 words)

	TOTONACAPAN
		Ever since, we have tracked the changes that have taken place in the Totonac "homeland".and, simultaneously, the adaptations of Cruz, Erasmo, Juan (a third brother who soon joined them) and now their wives and children in what is for them a new and challenging life within the non-Indian sector of Mexican society.
		Captain of the ritual of the Voladores and later an initiator of the Totonac's political organization, Salvador remains among the Totonac Indian society in the mountains of Huehuetla.
		Totonac Transformations: Teologia India (±25') To be filmed Theme: Indian Catholicism and the potential for positive influence by the Church.
	www.docfilm.com /mexfilms/totonac/totonacapan.htm (3366 words)

	Teresa McFarland Laniado (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Totonac is an indigenous language spoken in the central eastern part of Mexico.
		As with many languages of the Americas, attempts to classify Totonac were first undertaken in the 1920s, 30s and 40s by such notable linguists as Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf, and Morris Swadesh.
		Totonac is currently the native language of a dwindling number of speakers in three states-Puebla, Veracruz, and Hidalgo—on or near the east coast of central Mexico.
	hss.fullerton.edu /linguistics/cln/spring01_articles/laniado-toton.htm (2104 words)

	Upper Necaxa Totonac Project
		Patla-Chicontla Totonac) is a member of the Totonac-Tepehua family of languages, an isolate linguistic group of Northern Puebla State, Mexico, and adjacent areas of Veracruz and Hidalgo.
		The first grammatical work on Totonac by an academically-trained linguist is a study of a variety of Sierra Totonac (Coatepec), written in the 1940s and re-printed in Spanish as McQuown (1990).
		Papantla Totonac is dealt with in Levy (1987, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999a, 1999b, 2002a, 2002b, 2002c, 2003, in press), and new studies are currently underway of Tepehua languages (Pisa Flores and Huehuetla), as well as of the Sierra Totonac varieties spoken in Zapotitlan and Filomena Mata.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~totonaco/Context.html (1374 words)

	Native American Languages - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In North America they occur in Eastern Pomo and in Tuscarora (Iroquoian); in Middle America in Nahuatl, in the Oto-Manguean languages, and as final consonants in Quiché Maya and the Totonac languages; and in South America as final consonants in Toba and as nasals in Zamuco.
		Voiceless, or whispered, vowels are found in North America in Zuñi, Hopi, and Keresan (all spoken by Pueblo peoples), in Panamint Shoshone (Uto-Aztecan), and in Cheyenne (Algic); in Middle America in Totonac and some Oto-Manguean languages; and in South America in Ticuna and others.
		Such languages occur in Kickapoo (Algic) in Mexico near Texas; several Oto-Manguean languages, Nahuatl dialects, and the Totonac languages in Middle America; and the Aguaruna (Jívaroan) and the Sirionó (Tupi) in South America (whistle speech is not restricted to Native American languages, several African languages also use it).
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761573518___5/Native_American_Languages.html (2434 words)

	Upper Necaxa Totonac Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Patla-Chicontla Totonac) is a member of the Totonac-Tepehua family, a linguistic isolate group with no identified relationships to any other language family.
		The Totonac branch is larger and the structure of its family tree is not well-understood.
		Upper Necaxa Totonac, for instance, is usually classified as a member of the Northern group of the Highland variants, but it seems not to be mutually intellgible with neighbouring Northern variants such as those spoken in Zihuateutla or Apapantilla.
	www.arts.ualberta.ca /~totonaco/Language.html (251 words)

	New Page 1
		Nowadays, the Totonacs are established in the North of Puebla and the Southeast of Veracruz, in a territory with two geographic regions: the coast and the mountains.
		The Totonac territory its territory is crossed by the Tecolutla, Pantepec, Cazones, Tecuantepec and Lalaxaxolpan rivers.
		Houses in both regions are very similar, with a rectangular shape, walls of wood and ceilings of palm, but there are also brick houses with tiled roofs, and generally among they have nearby the temazcal or steam bath.
	www.laim.org /Tribes/Index.htm (1324 words)

	Mission Totonaco
		Totonacs prepare their food over a fire in a mud pot and cook their tortillas on a large, flat, round comal made of mud.
		Their beliefs are based in worship of nature, the earth, the rivers, the sky, the sun, the moon and the animals that live in the world of the Totonac.
		He was Totonac also, but what a man! He was very educated and well presented - not only in spiritual things, but also in his manner of communication.
	www.geocities.com /misiontotonaco/indexusa.htm (2426 words)

	History of Mexico - The State of Veracruz
		The Totonacs were the first natives whom Captain Hernán Cortés met upon his landing on the Gulf Coast near present-day Veracruz.
		The Augustinians arrived a decade later to proselytize the Totonacs along the border region of Hidalgo, Puebla, and Veracruz.
		H.R. Harvey and Isabel Kelly, the authors of "The Totonac" in the Handbook of Middle American Indians, write that "In the large areas where Totonac speech has survived to the present, there was little to attract the Spaniard.
	www.houstonculture.org /mexico/veracruz.html (2575 words)

	David Beck's Homepage
		Ideophones, adverbs, and predicate qualification in Upper Necaxa Totonac.
		The emergence of ejective fricatives in Upper Necaxa Totonac.
		The syntax, semantics, and typology of adjectives in Upper Necaxa Totonac.
	www.ualberta.ca /~dbeck (727 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Its Totonac name is "Cachiquin", its formal name is Papantla de Olarte, which was bestowed on it in 1935 in honour of SerafÃn Olarte, a local Native American who fought alongside the insurgents in the War of Independence from Spain.
		It was founded by the Totonacs Native Americans from TuzapÃ¡n (Tuxpan) around the year 1200.
		The city is home to a Museum of Totonac Culture and the important Pre-Columbian Totonac site of El TajÃn is also in the municipality.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Papantla (304 words)

	La Villa Rica de la Vera Cruz - Conquest of Mexico (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Totonacs, however, may already have been looking at the Spaniards as potential allies against the Aztecs, to whom they had recently become subject.
		When the conquistadors entered the Totonac capital of Cempoala, they were greeted with cheers and flowers.
		Shortly after, at Quiahuiztlan, Cortés cajoled Totonac leaders into arresting five Aztec tax collectors; after that, they were in open rebellion against the leaders of Mexico, and whatever their misgivings, they had to hope for protection from their new sovereign, King Charles of Spain.
	www.thedagger.com /archive/conquest/villarica.html (375 words)

	NativeWeb Home
		Shot in the same Totonac village as "Tree of Life", the film compares two ways of using ritual to teach children.
		The 16 de septiembre, Mexican Independence day, is used by the public school system to teach Totonac children to "integrate into the life of the nation" by rejecting their own language and culture.
		de Puebla, a highland Totonac village, the film follows the ritual from the felling of the tree to the final, stunning flight.
	www.nativeweb.org /resources.php?name=Totonacs&type=1&nation=283 (129 words)

	Detail Page
		The use of cisterns and aqueducts with pipes to bring water to the various districts of their communities was an architectural and engineering feat, of which the Totonac were masters.
		Unlike the Totonac's unique architecture, their art appears to have been influenced by many other sources.
		Totonac stone sculpture, laden often with mysterious symbols, took three major forms that reflected much of the art of Classic Veracruz.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=MES1261 (397 words)

	The Bond of Pain, Installment 1, Revision 1
		The Totonac, a huge flying machine, grabs the Condor with a tractor beam, pulling it up into a bay with several other silver condors.
		The Totonac's sensors did not detect the Heva fleet, and he wants to know why.
		The Totonac's sensors had not detected the attacking force the previous day because of sabatoge.
	www.angelfire.com /al/bondofpain/Bop1.html (1315 words)

	Northern Veracruz Web Guide
		The Totonac sculptures are found in the zone between the rivers Cazones to the north and Papaloapan to the south.
		Totonac costumes were very different from those worn by people from the high plateau.
		Today the Totonac men dress characteristically in white muslim, with a long sleeved smock worn over loose pants gathered at the ankle.
	www.carnaval.com /cityguides/veracruz/vc_norte.htm (3482 words)

	Global Citizens Network
		It is home to the Totonac people, one of the indigenous groups in the north central part of Mexico.
		It is often said that the Totonacs are descendents of the Aztecs, but actually they are believed to have been in Mesoamerica much longer than the Aztecs.
		Primarily farmers and tradesmen, the Totonac communities are well organized and politically active to ensure their rights.
	www.globalcitizens.org /sites/mexico_huehuetla.htm (931 words)

	Mexican vanilla mysteries
		Vanilla has been cultivated in Papantla at least since the early 1500s, when the Totonac tribe, the first people believed to farm vanilla, used the beans to pay tribute to their stronger neighbors, the Aztecs.
		In Totonac culture, a full moon is responsible for everything from ruining a crop to causing a baby's cleft palate.
		They are accompanied by Totonac dancers, school bands and girls in white dresses.
	sparks-mexico.com /Assorted/Vanilla/Mexican-vanilla.htm (3483 words)

	Collection Details
		The Totonac ethnic group occupied the vast territory that is now the state of Veracruz.
		They still constitute the major population of the state, preserving their own language and traditions, which are distinct from those of neighboring areas.
		The lively Totonac or Veracruz culture was oriented predominantly toward the Olmecs in the Pre-classic and later periods.
	www.umfa.utah.edu /index.php?id=MjE&collection_id=54 (339 words)

	The Bond of Pain, Installment 2, Revision 1
		Flying battleships (smaller than the Totonac), Solaris fleets, silver condors, and ground assault armies are used.
		The next morning, Joaquin announces that the repairs on the Totonac are complete, and that he is going out on a military expedition.
		The Totonac is the strongest ship in the battle on either side, but the sabatoge has rendered it nearly useless.
	www.angelfire.com /al/bondofpain/Bop2.html (895 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Totonac Indians
		Totonac were the first natives whom Cortés met on landing in
		According to their own traditions, they had come from the north-west nearly eight centuries earlier, and had maintained an independent kingdom--of which the names of the successive kings are on record--until subjugated by the Aztec only about twenty-five years before the arrival of the Spaniards.
		Totonac took active part with the Tlascalans as allies of the Spaniards, giving ready allegiance alike to the new rulers and the new
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14794a.htm (907 words)

	Quiahuiztlan Archaeological Ruins, Veracruz, Mexico
		It was here that Cortes formed the pact with 20 Totonac chieftains that gave him his first native allies against the Aztec empire.
		This Totonac center is best known for its tombs, there are more than 70 of them, each shaped like a miniature temple.
		The Spaniards and the Totonac chiefs then signed a treaty forming an allience against the Aztecs.
	www.delange.org /Quiahuiztlan/Quiahuiztlan.htm (883 words)

	Totonacan Family
		The Totonacan family includes various languages or variants that have been called Totonac and Tepehua.
		They are spoken in the states of Puebla, Hidalgo, and Veracruz.
		May be reproduced for nonprofit use so long as it is not modified in any way.
	www.sil.org /mexico/totonaca/00i-totonaca.htm (181 words)

	CENTRAL GULF ART
		It is better to use "Totonac" to refer to the central Veracruz region of Totonacapan than to identify these earthenware works with the Totonacs themselves.
		Many of the more famous terracotta sculptures from this region have been in Veracruz for centuries before the Totonacs' migration to that region toward the beginning of the Post-Classic period.
		The peoples of the Gulf were in some places notorious for their scant clothing and erotic cults, especially the Huaxtecs, whom even the Aztecs thought were indecent for walking around with exposed genitals.
	members.aol.com /xiuhcoatl/norgulf2.htm (815 words)

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