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Topic: Toubou

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	Chad - Toubou and Daza
		Toubou and Daza life centers on their livestock (their major source of wealth and sustenance) and on the scattered oases where they or their herders cultivate dates and grain.
		In a few places, the Toubou and Daza (or more often members of the Haddad group who work for them) also mine salt and natron, a salt like substance used for medicinal purposes and for livestock.
		Toubou honor requires that someone from the victim's family try to kill the murderer or a relative; such efforts eventually end with negotiations to settle the matter.
	www.countrystudies.us /chad/23.htm (957 words)

	••”p—YÌz[y[W (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thus, judging from this, the man that is living in the Toubou (“—[) is Chinese (Sung Dynasty) The term "Daisen" refers to a temple called Daisen-ji located at the foot of the mountain known as Houmanzan situated close to Dazaifu, the Kyoto central government's military garrison and headquarters in northern Kyushu (Ritsuryo period).
		The Hakata-tsu Toubou, as shown by the postscript written in the sutras belonging to Saikyo-ji was under the jurisdiction of Daisen-ji in Dazaifu (Also known as Uchiyamadera—L’qR).
		The Toubou that existed in the various different areas competed with each other, but in many cases, Toubou in local areas were branch operations for the larger Toubou in the main areas such as Hakata.
	www.rc.kyushu-u.ac.jp /~hatt/toubou.html (5943 words)

	Chad - Toubou and Daza
		Toubou and Daza life centers on their livestock (their major source of wealth and sustenance) and on the scattered oases where they or their herders cultivate dates and grain.
		Within the overall context of clan identity, however, Toubou and Daza society is shaped by the individual.
		Toubou honor requires that someone from the victim's family try to kill the murderer or a relative; such efforts eventually end with negotiations to settle the matter.
	countrystudies.us /chad/23.htm (957 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Toubou"
		The Toubou (also called Tebu or Tubu) are an ethnic group that live mainly in northern Chad, but also in Libya, Niger and Sudan.
		The majority of Toubou live in the north of Chad around the Tibesti mountains ('Toubou' means 'man from Tibesti').
		Toubou life centers on their livestock (their major source of wealth and sustenance) and on the scattered oases where they or their herders cultivate dates and grain.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=toubou (1116 words)

	SIM People Group Profile: Toubou
		The Toubou have been referred to as the "strangest tribe inhabiting the Sahara." Traditionally they are desert warriors who used to control the caravan routes and were known for plundering and kidnapping slaves.
		The Toubou give alliance to Dardai, the paramount chief, who is selected in rotation from four noble Tomaghers patrilineal lineages and assisted by a council of elders.
		The Toubou are heavily influenced by folk Islam—a mixture of traditional Islam and animism—and have not been receptive to the gospel.
	www.sim.org /PG.asp?pgID=33&fun=1 (432 words)

	Niger (11/07)
		Constitution: The constitution of December 26, 1992 was revised by national referendum on May 12, 1996 and again by referendum on July 18, 1999.
		The remainder of Nigeriens are nomadic or semi-nomadic livestock-raising peoples--Fulani, Tuareg, Kanuri, Arabs, and Toubou.
		With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of agriculturalists and livestock herders are increasingly threatened.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5474.htm (4480 words)

	Chad Toubou and Daza: Nomads of the Sahara - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Chad Toubou and Daza: Nomads of the Sahara
		In a few places, the Toubou and Daza (or more often members of the Haddad group who work for them) also mine salt and natron, a salt like substance used for medicinal purposes and for livestock (see Mining, ch.
		During the colonial period (and since independence), Chadian administrations have conferred legality and legitimacy on these regional groupings by dividing the Toubou and Daza regions into corresponding territorial units called cantons and appointing chiefs to administer them (see Regional Government, ch.
	www.photius.com /countries/chad/society/chad_society_toubou_and_daza_nom~11491.html (1034 words)

	NIGER, Landmine Monitor Report 2000
		While Niger’s political situation stabilized somewhat in December 1999 when a new government was inaugurated, non-state actors in the north and east of the country continue to be active, including the Tuareg and Toubou rebels.
		According to an NGO called “Democracy 2000,” the Sahara Revolutionary Armed Forces (comprising FARS and Toubou rebels) laid AP mines to protect their bases in the Aïr mountains in the north and central regions of the country and in the Ténéré area of in the Sahara desert.
		Peace agreements signed with the FARS Toubou rebellion in N’Djaména in 1998 included provisions for demining of the northern areas of Niger affected by mines, but no mine clearance is believed to have taken place yet.
	www.icbl.org /lm/2000/niger.html (623 words)

	KhadijaTeri - Libya - Sebha and surrounding areas
		Approximately 2,600 Toubou reside in Libya and they are believed to be related to Berbers, but their Nilo-Saharan language, which is largely unwritten, is closely related to that of the Kanembu in Niger.
		Teda is mostly spoken by the northern Toubou and Daza by the southern Toubou.
		According to legend, the Toubou originally migrated to their present location from the Nile Valley during the 7th century.
	www.khadijateri.com /sebha.html (1398 words)

	Tobou Future
		The Toubou (also called Tebu or Tubu) are an ethnic group that live mainly in northern Chad, but also in Libya and Niger.
		The majority of Toubou live in the north of Chad around the Tibesti mountains ('Toubou' means 'man from Tibesti').
		Toubou life centers on their livestock (their major source of wealth and sustenance) and on the scattered oasis where they or their herders cultivate dates and grain.
	www.toboufuture.com (3928 words)

	Refugees International: Articles: Niger: Alleged Massacre of Toubous
		In 1997-1998, the army of Niger quelled a Toubou revolt and caused thousands of Toubous to flee to Nigeria for safety.
		A peace agreement between the Toubou rebels and the government of Niger on August 21, 1998 might have paved the way for the Toubous to return safely to their homes.
		In addition to the Toubou refugeees forced home to Niger, many Toubou remain in the Nigerian provinces of Kano, Yobe, Jigawa, and Borno, avoiding authorities and are too frightened to return to Niger.
	www.refugeesinternational.org /content/article/detail/733 (597 words)

	Amazon.com: Toubou
		Nomades noirs du Sahara: Les Toubous by Jean Chapelle (Unknown Binding - 1982)
		was the response of the Toubou in Northern Chad to the...
		Ethnic mix Nomads (Tuareg and Toubou) 38%, Sara 30%, Arab 15%,...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=Toubou&index=blended&page=1 (744 words)

	Conflict Summary
		Living conditions are harsh, and the Toubous have been described as living “in the poorest and most underdeveloped region of one of the poorest countries on earth.” In the early 1990s, the situation deteriorated further, when several thousand Chadian Toubous took refuge in the southern part of the region, following the coup d’état in Chad.
		When further expounding its demands in 1995, FDR also called for autonomy for ethnic Toubous in a zone in eastern Niger, stretching from Diado in the northeast and Zinder in the southeast, to the Chadian border.
		There are allegations of massacres of civilian Toubou men, and in 1999 69 corpses were found in a mass grave close to Boultoungour in the southeast.
	www.pcr.uu.se /database/conflictSummary.php?bcID=79 (1210 words)

	Chad - Central Saharan Languages
		Teda is spoken by the Toubou people of the Tibesti Mountains and by some inhabitants of nearby oases in northeastern Niger and southwestern Libya.
		Despite their shared linguistic heritage, the Toubou and the Daza do not think of themselves as belonging to a common group.
		Among the Toubou, the Teda of Tibesti are the largest subgroup.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2279.html (572 words)

	[No title]
		The MDJT rebellion has been going on since 1998 and is partly tribal (most MDJT rebels belong to the Toubou tribe) and partly Libya providing weapons, training and money for the rebels.
		Libya was forced by international pressure to back off, but the Toubous still felt they were not getting a fair shake.
		The war was prolonged by factionalism within the Toubou.
	www.strategypage.com /qnd/chad/articles/20031214.aspx (122 words)

	France Culture
		Toubou du Niger, président de l'association "Toubou du Sahara" (lasaharienne@tiscali.fr - tel : 06 13 58 66 90)
		Natifs du Tibesti ou des plaines qui s'étendent jusqu'au lac Tchad, les Toubou ont le mode de vie pastoral des éleveurs de vaches et de chamelles.
		Les Toubou : un peuple de pasteurs tchadiens connu pour son indiscipline et son anarchie, mais cette anarchie ne saurait, dans ce cas, être confondue avec désordre.
	www.radiofrance.fr /chaines/france-culture2/emissions/toutunmonde/fiche.php?diffusion_id=25543 (588 words)

	Relics
		Toubou had been a quiet, peaceful planet when she was a child.
		All she could see was the child's long fl hair, the white streaks in it catching the late day sun as Kyrin bounced from side to side, waiting for her mother to approach.
		If anyone finds out that they are here, we could all be killed." She didn't want to frighten her daughter, but such were the realities of the life they led.
	www.angelfire.com /scifi2/alidadmed/relics.html (644 words)

	GameStats: The Toubou Prisoner Cheats, Reviews, News
		If this is your first time to the site, let us welcome you to what we hope will become your new daily source of The Toubou Prisoner information.
		To do this, GameStates assembles articles from around the web, alows gamers to weigh in with their opinions, and lets you access daily popularity statistics for thousands of games.
		By continuing past this page, and by your continued use of this site, you agree to be bound by and abide by the User Agreement.
	www.gamestats.com /objects/853/853961 (218 words)

	Game Maker Games - Toubou
		Toubou is the first GameMaker game I ever downloaded off the Official GameMaker website back in 2002.
		Toubou is a bit like Kurishi on ye old PSX.
		You might have it on a demo disk if you got the PSX when it first come out.
	gamemakergames.com /?a=view&id=212 (332 words)

	Military.org -- CountryWatch.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Toubou and to a lesser extent the Kanouri, live in the remote extreme east of the county, along the Nigerien, Nigerian and Chadia n border.
		The Toubou are mainly nomadic herders and farmers.
		A peace agreement between the Toubou rebels and the government of Niger on Aug. 21, 1998, might have paved the way for the Toubous to return safely to their homes.
	www.countrywatch.com /mi_topic.asp?vCOUNTRY=127&SECTION=SOCIAL&TOPIC=CLPEO&TYPE=TEXT (1572 words)

	Toubou knife for your comment, from Chuck - vikingsword.com forums
		Vandoo...The one toubou I spoke of that has no leather on the hilt seems to be made of one solid piece of iron(?
		There is evidence of hammering to to form the round bar between the blade and the pommel.
		None of my toubous shows any sirn of being used to stike anything either...no nicks or flattening on the pommels at all.
	www.vikingsword.com /ubb/Forum1/HTML/000850.html (1845 words)

	Niger captors threaten to kill Italians: radio - Boston.com
		Some Tuareg groups accepted a 1995 peace deal but the Toubou FARS held out until 1997 when they were granted an amnesty.
		Speaking to RFI, the man representing the group said the Italians had been kidnapped because Niger's government had not respected the peace accords and because the country's army had killed their leader.
		"We the Toubou, Arabs and Tuareg (feel) it has to be recognized that Niger does not belong only to the majority ethnic groups...
	www.boston.com /news/world/europe/articles/2006/08/25/niger_captors_threaten_to_kill_italians_radio?mode=PF (597 words)

	National Console Support, Inc \| Welcome \| Willkommen \| Bienvenido \| Benvenuti
		» The Toubou Prisoner is somewhat reminiscent of Rockstar's Manhunt but it's missing the stealth kills and the perfect control of that earlier game.
		What Toubou Prisoner does bring to the table is an interesting premise that's executed well.
		The controls are acceptable and the camera can be controlled at all times to change vantage points while running or standing still.
	www.ncsx.com /2006/100906/toubou_prisoner.htm (969 words)

	۞ Toubou - Encyclopédie, information et définition sur www.apropos-sport.fr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Les Toubous ou Teda sont un peuple musulman nomade vivant dans les massifs du Tibesti et de l'Ennedi.
		Michèle Bayar, Mahmoud Ahmet Koloné, Mandana Sadat Kodor : Conte toubou (Syros, 2006-10-19)
		Anarchie et cohésion sociale chez les Toubou: Les Daza Késer...
	www.apropos-sport.fr /Toubou (211 words)

	ECCP
		The Toubou who staged uprisings in 1995 and 1997-98, complain about massacres perpetrated by the government army, in which almost 200 people are reported to have been killed.
		It was reported to have attacked a village in July 1998, but barely a month later it was said to have signed a cease-fire with the government.
		As far as the Toubou conflict is concerned, Chadian officials mediated the 1998 cease-fire between the Toubou rebels in Diffa and the Nigerien government but evidence on the ground suggests that embracing an entirely non-military option has not been regarded as a viable option by either side.
	www.conflict-prevention.net /page.php?id=40&formid=73&action=show&surveyid=37 (3692 words)

	FACT SHEET: The Republic of Niger at a Glance (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With rapidly growing populations and the consequent competition for meager natural resources, lifestyles of agriculturists and livestock herders have come increasingly into conflict in Niger in recent years.
		Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule by December 1999.
		The Tuareg and Toubou groups that had been in rebellion since 1990, claiming they lacked attention and resources from the central government.
	deploymentlink.osd.mil /deploy/info/africa/niger/index.shtml (1058 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series / Chad / Appendix B
		Consisting at first of only a few hundred Toubou and some Hajerai and Ouaddaïan fighters, FAN began its operations from bases in eastern Chad, where it received help from Sudan.
		With an ethnic base in the Teda clan of the Toubou from the Tibesti area of northern Chad, the force was armed by Libya and formed the largest component of the GUNT (q.v.
		The Second Liberation Army was composed of the Toubou active in Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, first under Goukouni's command and later under Habré's command.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/chad/td_appnb.html (1233 words)

	Tesi - Laurea liv.I - I Toubou del Ciad, "razza fossile vivente": valutazioni sul turismo etnologico esistente e ...
		L’indisciplina, l’individualismo e l’anarchia dei Toubou sono stati a tal punto estremizzati dai primi esploratori dell’Ottocento che per lungo tempo nessuno ha voluto approfondire la conoscenza dei loro usi e costumi.
		Alcuni Toubou offrono ospitalità, mentre altri si sono trasformati in guide turistiche; ma la loro natura schiva li ricopre di una sorta di aura misteriosa.
		Nel loro superbo orgoglio, i Toubou possono assumere anche tratti gentili: infatti in Ciad, dei viaggiatori italiani provenienti dalla Libia hanno trovato provvidenziale il loro aiuto, quando il loro mezzo di trasporto era in panne per un guasto meccanico.
	www.tesionline.it /default/tesi.asp?idt=10987 (650 words)

	NIGER: Draft constitution worries minorities [19990525] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In a joint statement read out on Monday on a private radio station, members of the Toubou, Gourmantche and Arab communities said that abolishing eight special constituencies would prevent them from being adequately represented in parliament.
		A law creating the special constituencies was passed in 1992 in response to calls for better minority representation.
		The law ensured that eight of the 83 seats in Niger's parliament went to the smallest minorities, mainly the Arab, Toubou and Gourmantche.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /Newsletters/irinw052599.html (386 words)

	TOUBOU - Encyclopédie Universalis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Des différences significatives d'organisation sociale existent cependant, et la langue des Toubou appartient au groupe nilo-tchadien, proche du kanouri, alors que les Touareg sont berbérophones.
		En Afrique de l'Est, Dinka et Masaï se distinguent par la consommation de sang prélevé sur les bêtes qui fait chez la plupart des autres peuples, et notamment chez les musulmans, l'objet d'un interdit.
		Enfin, Toubou et Arabes sont en petit nombre dans l'extrême est, de N'Guigmi au Djado.
	www.universalis.fr /corpus-universalis/17/T303808/universalis/T303808.htm (856 words)

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