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Topic: Toughness

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	C1018-97 Standard Test Method for Flexural Toughness and First-Crack Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam ...
		This test method evaluates the flexural performance of toughness parameters derived from fiber-reinforced concrete in terms of areas under the load-deflection curve obtained by testing a simply supported beam under third-point loading.
		Note 1-Toughness determined in terms of areas under the load-deflection curve is an indication of the energy absorption capability of the particular test specimen, and, consequently, its magnitude depends directly on the geometrical characteristics of the test specimen and the loading system.
		Values of toughness indices and residual strength factors are independent of the system of units used to measure load and deflection.
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/REDLINE_PAGES/C1018.htm (494 words)

	Fracture Toughness of High-Strength Steels at Low Temperatures
		According to available information on the fracture toughness of high-strength alloys at low temperatures, the effect of low temperatures on toughness is generally dependent on the alloy base.
		For many aluminum alloys, the fracture toughness tends to increase or remain generally constant as the testing temperature is decreased.
		Available fracture toughness data at low temperature for other alloy steels: AISI 4340, 300M, HP9-4-20, HP9-4-25, and 18 Ni (200) maraging steel usually have the trend of decreasing toughness as the testing temperature is decreased.
	www.key-to-steel.com /Articles/Art66.htm (1416 words)

	Fracture Toughness Behavior of Weldments with Mis-Matched Properties at Elevated Temperature
		The denomination of "apparent fracture toughness" was used to describe the variability of the fracture toughness in the weld region due to microstructure and mechanical property gradients.
		The fracture toughness tests on CT specimens were performed at 565°C (1050°F) using the unloading compliance technique for measuring crack size.
		It was observed that the fracture toughness behavior of welded specimens depends significantly on the crack path which varied within the fusion zone due to the presence of microstructural gradients.
	www.tms.org /Students/Winners/Cretegny/Cretegny.html (3863 words)

	Toughness
		Therefore, one way to measure toughness is by calculating the area under the stress strain curve from a tensile test.
		Temperature is the second variable to have a major influence on its toughness.
		A material might display good toughness when the applied stress is uniaxial; but when a multiaxial stress state is produced due to the presence of a notch, the material might not withstand the simultaneous elastic and plastic deformation in the various directions.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/Toughness.htm (322 words)

	To The Next Level Sports Network - Taking Sport and Life to the Next Level
		Toughness is being able to create positive emotions upon command, enabling you to bring all your talent and skills to life in a moment.
		By definition, toughness is "to be strong and resilient; able to withstand great strain without tearing or breaking." Mental toughness to me is being able to reach your Ideal Competitive State (ICS) on command.
		Toughness is being able to create these positive emotions upon command, thus enabling you to bring all your talents and skills to life at that moment, no matter what negative thing(s) might be affecting you.
	www.tothenextlevel.org /docs/features/training_for_mental_toughness/default.asp (1468 words)

	Toughness Variation for Liquid Phase Sintered W-Ni-Fe
		The purpose of this study was to determine the cooling rate effect on toughness of the-95 W-3.5 Ni-1.5 Fe alloy.
		The cooling rate effect on toughness is attributed to interfacial segregation; rapid cooling from a post-sintering anneal resulted in improved toughness.
		Thus, the 95 W alloy exhibits the highest toughness when rapidly cooled from a homogenization temperature of approximately 1000°C. On the other hand, slow cooling gives a decreasing impurity solubility coupled to a high diffusive mobility.
	www.key-to-metals.com /Article115.htm (1367 words)

	toughness - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Character: I've met a lot of hardboiled eggs in my…, Leadership: Toughness doesn't have to come in a pinstripe…, Politicians: A lot of hard-faced...
		Toughness doesn't have to come in a pinstripe suit.
		Nylon, term applied to a synthetic resin widely used for textile fibers, characterized by great strength, toughness, and elasticity, and processed...
	encarta.msn.com /toughness.html (150 words)

	Fracture Toughness
		Fracture toughness is an indication of the amount of stress required to propagate a preexisting flaw.
		When a material of unknown fracture toughness is tested, a specimen of full material section thickness is tested or the specimen is sized based on a prediction of the fracture toughness.
		The toughness data produced by these other tests will be dependant on the thickness of the product tested and will not be a true material property.
	www.ndt-ed.org /EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Mechanical/FractureToughness.htm (1270 words)

	Toughness Tool
		Toughness tool samples are about two inches long and a half-inch wide, which is slightly smaller than those used in conventional (ASTM E399) tests.
		A sample is placed between the two identical wrench heads of the toughness tool, which is made of hardened steel and resembles a specially designed torque wrench.
		The lower wrench head is held fixed in a vise, while the operator exerts a steadily increasing force to the upper wrench head by pushing down on the handle.
	www.rochester.edu /pr/releases/me/tool.htm (672 words)

	Mental Toughness
		Mental toughness is the attitude that makes a successful person willing to do what it takes to get the job done.
		Mental toughness is evaluating the current situation, and choosing a own long term good over a short term gain.
		Mental toughness is demonstrated when someone needs to reach down and draw out efforts beyond they knew the had or at least wanted to give to achieve.
	www.leadingconcepts.com /mental_toughness.html (1388 words)

	M&M Glossary - Toughness
		The toughness of a material measures the energy absorbed to the point of fracture.
		For a constant strain rate tensile test, toughness is the area under the stress strain curve to the point of fracture.
		As the temperature of the sample is changed it may go from high toughness (large energy absorption) at elevated temperatures to brittle (low toughness) behavior at low temperatures.
	www.princeton.edu /~humcomp/sophlab/m&mgl_13.htm (110 words)

	washingtonpost.com: A Test of Toughness
		But to move the debate in that direction, Kerry has to be as tough and strategic as Bush has been, and a lot crisper in explaining what he stands for.
		Kerry did seize on the CBO report and also on Bush's comment that a national sales tax was "an interesting idea that we ought to explore seriously." The White House moved quickly to play down the idea that Bush had any plans to impose a consumption tax.
		The real tests of Kerry's toughness will be whether he can explain himself clearly and whether he can force Bush to defend views that the president would prefer that the public not know he holds.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A6682-2004Aug16?language=printer (727 words)

	hockeyfights.com - Toughness Preview 2006-07
		That would greatly raise the toughness of the squad from a year ago, especially since veteran fourth line forward Adam Mair is healthy and ready to go.
		Surely this tough customer has enough skill to be on the 4th line and provide Detroit with some toughness (56 points, 26 fights last year in the AHL) in a division that suddenly has bulked up.
		The Isles' toughness department is also in a state of flux, with tough guys Eric Godard and John Erskine being let go.
	www.hockeyfights.com /articles/211 (5054 words)

	THE INTERPRETATION OF FRACTURE TOUGHNESS DATA
		It is shown that the standard methods for determining linear elastic, as well as elastic-plastic fracture toughness parameters are largely outdated and should be replaced with a single, unambiguous method.
		Be it as it may, often the most costly and confusing part of the process to establish the inputs for a fracture mechanics analysis is the determination of the fracture toughness data.
		It is further argued that the true initiation toughness is almost independent of thickness because even in relatively thin specimens, the initial, very localized, crack extension takes place in plane strain.
	www.pkn.co.za /pap-CLTAG.html (2068 words)

	Mental Toughness
		Participants were classified as having either high or low mental toughness based on their responses to the above-mentioned questionnaire and, as predicted, those with higher levels of mental toughness reported significantly lower perceived exertion at 70% of maximum.
		Mentally tough exercisers might perceive themselves as having greater control during such conditions, or interpret the higher intensity as a challenge rather than a threat.
		Research on mental toughness in sport and exercise has focused largely on individual differences, in which mental toughness is viewed as a relatively stable characteristic.
	www.howtobefit.com /mental-toughness.htm (1930 words)

	Toughness
		Mental toughness might work as a process, were it not for the auto-immune system.
		In other words, “mental toughness” is no more or less than a marketing strategy that places a different label on the same old story, in order to sell some more books and CDs.
		We all share the desire to have whatever “mental toughness” implies, but except for the “goal setting” statement, which is a process heading, the rest are outcome statements (what you get if you do it correctly, which will only happen where you have a set of directions for assembly).
	www.clearkeygolf.com /toughness.htm (1618 words)

	Ceramics with high toughness, strength and hardness - Patent 5002911
		The toughness increases with increasing amount of SrO.6Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 formation until the SrO/Al.sub.2 0.sub.3 molar ratio is between approximately 0.02 to 0.20.
		Fracture toughness was measured using the DCB technique with the means and standard deviations calculated from 3 bars with up to 15 measurements per composition.
		The fracture toughness of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 is approximately 4 MPa.m.sup.1/2, as measured by the same DCB technique, clearly showing that the high toughness values achieved with the simultaneous additions of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and SrO are clearly advantageous and could not have been predicted by a rule-of-mixtures.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5002911.html (4967 words)

	Mental Toughness
		Wrestlers that endure are tough by definition, so the next step is to turn this physical toughness into mental toughness to optimize one's potential on and off the mat.
		Your mind is an evolving sporting machine, much of the process of growing tough is in the process of organizing the vast chaos in life and turning it into an organized useful action.
		Toughness is being able to create those positive emotions upon command, thus enabling you to bring all your ability to life in that moment.
	homepage.mac.com /gdemarco1/WA/MentalToughness.html (1057 words)

	Rails of pearlitic steel with high wear resistance and toughness and their manufacturing methods - Patent 5658400
		A process for manufacturing a pearlitic steel rail of high toughness according to claim 5, in which carbon content is limited to between 0.60 and 0.85% by weight.
		A process for manufacturing a pearlitic steel rail of high toughness according to claim 6 in which carbon content is limited to between 0.60 and 0.85% by weight.
		Generally, toughness of steel is improved by grain refinement of the metal structure or, more specifically, by refinement of austenite grains or transgranular transformation.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5658400.html (2609 words)

	Shaft Toughness Issue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-26)
		"Toughness" is defined (ref-3:3:90) as "the ability of a material to absorb impact energy and deform plastically (i.e.
		In metals, toughness is usually measured by the energy absorbed in a notch impact test.
		The toughness of our material (300M), in the in the fully-hardened, ultra-strong state, as used in our secondary shaft, is measured by the more challenging Charpy V-notch (CVN) method.
	www.epi-eng.com /RW-EPI-ShaftTuff.htm (1180 words)

	The Toughest, High-Hardness Swords
		Toughness is measured by determining how much energy the steel will absorb.
		Using a tightly controlled, high quality heat treat, S7 will have a toughness – as measured by a Charpy Impact Test – of 125 ft. lbs.
		The benefit of this combination of high hardness and toughness is that it allows us to refine the edge geometry of our swords.
	www.angelsword.com /steel_toughness.php (418 words)

	Fracture toughness testing (Knowledge Summary)
		Fracture toughness generally depends on temperature, environment, loading rate, the composition of the material and its microstructure, together with geometric effects (constraint).
		Although fracture toughness can sometimes be obtained from the literature, or materials properties databases, it is preferable to determine this by experiment for the particular material and joint being assessed.
		During fracture toughness testing, the force applied to the specimen and specimen displacements and loading rate (using load cells and displacement transducers), together with the temperature are recorded.
	www.twi.co.uk /j32k/protected/band_3/kscsw011.html (1486 words)

	[No title]
		More and more athletes at all levels of ability are realizing that mental toughness is critical to their physical performance.
		Mental toughness is being part of the short corner defensive team with the attitude that, no matter what, the ball will not even reach the net.
		Mental toughness is the ability to remain completely focused and composed when you are part of the penalty stroke competition to decide a winner.
	www.fieldhockey.org /Articles/SportsScience/MentalToughness.htm (433 words)

	AOE 3054 Experiment #5 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS TESTING
		The fracture toughness and the manner in which the crack grows is heavily dependent upon the material thickness.
		Because the Poisson contraction in a thin specimen relieves some of the stress, the fracture toughness of such a sample is relatively high.
		To determine their fracture toughness each of the samples will be pulled apart by applying load to a pair of dowel pins mounted through the holes in each sample.
	www.aoe.vt.edu /~devenpor/aoe3054/manual/expt5/text.html (3291 words)

	Mental Toughness
		Mental toughness is the ability to consistently sustain one’s ideal performance state during adversities in competition.
		The ultimate measure of mental toughness is consistency.
		The mentally tough competitor is self-motivated and self directed.
	www.bharatiyahockey.org /gurukul/class12.htm (1680 words)

	fracture toughness and fracture design
		is used to measure a material's fracture toughness in a sample that has a thickness that is less than some critical value, B. When the material's thickness is less than B, and stress is applied, the material is in a state called plane stress.
		all represent a material's fracture toughness when a sample of material has a thickness greater than B. If a stress is applied to a sample with a thickness greater than B, it is in a state called plane strain.
		are the fracture toughness of a material under the three different modes of fracture, mode I, mode II, and mode III, respectively.
	www.sv.vt.edu /classes/MSE2094_NoteBook/97ClassProj/exper/gordon/www/fractough.html (677 words)

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