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Topic: Tous, Iran

	iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Iran fought the battle for reform on the basis of freedom of expression in 1999.
		The media landscape in Iran is uneven, with a population of 65 million it has a mere 1,000 publications which have a combined circulation of over two million.
		Iran's official language is Persian, but the aim of the new publication is to forge friendship with Arab states.
	www.library.cornell.edu /colldev/mideast/censiran.htm (6291 words)

	Miscellaneous on Podium: Media and information: the case of Iran
		Among the many myths about Iran in the United States is the notion that the level of public discourse that occurs--generally criticism of the Islamic state--could never be achieved in an Arab country.
		The lively debate in Iran, often on display in the press, gives the misleading impression that the potential for a free society is far greater than in most Arab societies.
		Iran has historically been a country where what takes place in private is very different from what occurs in public.
	www.iranchamber.com /podium/miscellaneous/031202_media_information_iran.php (3444 words)

	Tous, Iran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Also in Tus is the remains of the Citadel of Tus, built during the Sassanid era.
		Tus (توس or طوس in Persian) also known as Toos or Tous, is an ancient city in the Iranian province of Razavi Khorasan.
		Some notable figures in the history of Iran who were born in Tus include: Geber, Ferdowsi, Asadi Tusi, Nizam al-Mulk, Al-Ghazali, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tous,_Iran (130 words)

	Iran Pistachio Exporter :: Iran Pistachios Exporter :: tous Pistachio (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Pistachio is one of the principal traditional export products of Iran and, since ancient times, has always occupied a special position in the foreign trade of the country.
		Iran not only produces the finest variety of pistachio, but can also boast to be the highest producer of this product with an annual average output of 130,000 tons during the past several years.
		In the previous year, the pistachio production in Iran amounted to 113,000 tons and it has been forecasted that the production would increase by 50 percent in the coming five years.
	www.touspistachioco.com (501 words)

	FarsiNet News - News related to Iran, Iranians and Persians - June 1998
		Iran's huge military build-up on the Afghan border over the killing of Iranian diplomats last month has plugged many of the gaps, and th e price of opium, from which heroin is made, has doubled in recent weeks, diplomats in Tehran say.
		Iran is opposed to the creation of a Persian-language surrogate radio station based in Prague and in the past has criticized the United States for launching a covert program to destabilize Iran's government.
		Iran has long claimed that the fatwa is an irreversible religious edict, even though it has no plans to send anyone to kill the author.
	www.farsinet.com /news/sept98.html (7994 words)

	FREEDOM
		Iran's newspapers are at the centre of the battle between President Mohammad Khatami and the hard-line clerics who oppose his efforts to liberalize government and society.
		Since Iran has no formal political parties, most of Tehran's 37 papers have become stand-in parties, each with its own platform, in what has become the liveliest debate about democracy the country has ever seen.
		Tous' struggle to survive is typical of how the battle over Iran's future is being fought.
	www.lockstockandbarrel.org /news/freedom.htm (711 words)

	Iran Daily
		Director of Tous Cultural Heritage Base, Siavash Saberi, told ISNA that the scheme to restore the historic city of Tous, in Khorasan Razavi, was announced as a national project due to its great significance.
		Upon his return to Iran in 1847, Mirza Taghi was appointed to the court of the crown prince, Nassereddin, in Azarbaijan.
		Iran was virtually bankrupt, its central government was weak, and its provinces were almost autonomous.
	www.iran-daily.com /1383/2184/html/panorama.htm (1885 words)

	Iran: Amnesty International concerned by arrest of journalists and former prisoner of conscience
		The arrest of six journalists and a prominent critic of the government in the Islamic Republic of Iran is yet another alarming sign of the increasing attacks on press freedom in recent weeks, Amnesty International said today.
		Tous was banned and its offices raided by members of the Revolutionary Guard on 16 September 1998, following calls by members of the Iranian leadership for tighter controls over the press.
		Iran: Sentenced to death for killing abusive husband
	www.amnestyusa.org /countries/iran/document.do?id=D94AD64EF9A328668025690000692DCD (807 words)

	Amazon.fr : Livres en anglais: The Turban for the Crown: The Islamic Revolution in Iran (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As secular control of Iran increased during the 20th century, competition emerged between the Shi'te hierocracy and the Shah.
		Hence, with the departure of the Shah from Iran, the internal state structure disintegrated and was replaced by revolutionary religious elements.
		Nationalism took hold in Turkey and Iran and was a prominent force in the Arab world, as the demise of the Ottoman Empire occurred simultaneously with the growth of anticolonial sentiment.
	www.amazon.fr /exec/obidos/ASIN/0735102643 (761 words)

	FarsiNet News - News related to Iran, Iranians and Persians - October 1998
		Tous, which often criticised Iran's powerful conservatives, had gained wide circulation by testing the limits of wider press freedoms introduced by reformist President Mohammad Khatami.
		The closure of Tous, and the suspension of some moderate magazines, came shortly after Khamenei called for action against newspapers which he accused of abusing press freedom.
		Female doctors are common in Iran, but some health experts told newspapers that women's health care would suffer because there were not enough women specialists across the country to implement the strict law.
	www.farsinet.com /news/oct98wk2.html (1349 words)

	Khorasan, Tous: Arq
		Arq of Tous, or according to people, "Place of Mamoun", is now a high and vast clay hill, located 300 m in the South of the Tomb of Ferdowsi.
		In its inhabited days, "Old Castle" (Kohan Dezh) and "Arq of Tous" were placed there and palaces were constructed upon it.
		The remains of the walls, still observed on Arq ruins, belonged to Timurid era and the end of habitation of Tous, which were founded on the ruins of former palaces.
	www.caroun.com /Countries/Asia/Iran/Khorasan/Tous/TousArq.html (96 words)

	Media and Information: The Case of Iran
		The election of Mohammad Khatami as president of Iran in May 1997 launched what many of his supporters hoped would be the most ambitious attempt in the Islamic world to bridge the divide between the public and private spheres.
		Among the many myths about Iran in the United States is the notion that the level of public discourse that occurs-generally criticism of the Islamic state-could never be achieved in an Arab country.
		But whether Islamic principles are trampled upon is a far more ambiguous charge to make and is used as a weapon only among the Islamists themselves-not by the secular state.
	freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1038066/posts (3510 words)

	Human Rights Watch calls for release of Iranian journalist (Human Rights Watch, 7-10-1998)
		We fear that the real motive in jailing the four journalists is to punish them for their activities as journalists, and to intimidate other independent-minded journalists in Iran.
		On the next day, the newspaper Tous, which had gained a reputation and a wide readership among Iranians for its championing of reform, was ordered closed.
		Ebrahim Nabavi, a staff writer with Tous were arrested on the order of the Revolutionary Court for publishing articles "against security and general interests." Human Rights Watch fears that the detainees are being ill-treated in order to pressure them to sign false confessions.
	www.hrw.org /press98/oct/iran1007.htm (765 words)

	Social Research- Volume 70 No. 1: Pariah Minorities
		While an array of newspapers and journals are still published in Iran today, the persecution of leading editors and publishers with pro-reform sympathies has successfully cleared the field of any real threat to the status quo.
		Their chosen weapon in the battle for a civil society was the newspaper, a medium with a rich history in Iran of social and political activism.
		Newspapers were expected to play the roles of political parties, of independent think tanks and, in the case of Jameah and Tous, of exemplars of social, political and economic independence.
	www.socres.org /vol70/issue703.htm (4212 words)

	The Iranian Times
		But sources close to Iran News, where Firoozi worked, said they had received word from the judiciary that Firoozi is no longer facing the death sentence.
		All those arrested were professors and teachers conducting ``open-university'' type courses for young Bahais who their French fellow believers say are banned by authorities from attending universities and other institutions of higher learning, a Bahai spokeswoman in France said...
		Our letter to you today comes with a grave sense of urgency as we are disturbed by reports that that the daily newspaper Tous was banned on September 16, 1998, on charges that it published articles in conflict with Iran's national interests and security.
	www.iranian.com /Times/Oct98a/Masouleh/rights.html (925 words)

	Discovery of a new part in the most ancient known site in Dasht Gorgan
		During the excavation of Agh Tapeh, the most ancient known site of central plateau of Iran in the vicinity of Dasht Gorgan and Golestan Province, a new part is discovered that according to Sadegh Malek Shahmirzadi, the head of the archaeological group belongs to some 7000 years ago.
		The public relation of cultural inheritance organization reported that there are several ancient places in the vicinity of the dam on lake of Glolestan that are under the threat of turning to an island or being seriously damaged and destroyed as the result of the dam making operations.
		Another hill called Chakar Ata located near the lake of Golestan is also on the verge of destruction because of the penetration of the lake's water into the root of the hill and any kind of exploration or divination could be quite dangerous.
	www.payvand.com /news/01/jan/1026.html (563 words)

	Référendum National Pour l'Iran
		Tous les dispositifs de notre emplacement sont maintenant disponibles dans l'anglais et le Français.
		Votre rétroaction est valeur et nous apprécions tous vos commentaires et avis pendant que nous améliorons et augmentons NRFI.org.
		AF personnel, examples of resistance Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Ali Khamenei here on Monday said that the victory of the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and its perpetuation stemmed from the wise resistance of the Iranian nation...
	nrfi.org /francais/index.shtml (357 words)

	Tous, Iran - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Map of Iran and surrounding countries, showing location of Tus
		Tus (توس or طوس; in Persian) also known as Toos or Tous, is an ancient city in the Iranian province of Khorasan.
		Some notable figures in the history of Iran who were born in Tus include: Ferdowsi, Asadi Tusi, Nizam al-Mulk, Al-Ghazali, and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Tus (74 words)

	Persian Language & Literature: Story of Ferdowsi and Shahnameh
		There Ferdowsi enjoyed an excellent position, so that he was rendered quite independent of his neighbors by the income which he derived from his lands, and he had but one child, a daughter.
		From Tous, the fugitive poet went to Tabaristan "to the Ispahbad Shahriyar bin Shirwin of the House of Buwand, who was King there, and this is a noble House which traces its descent from Yazdagird, the son of Shahriyar."
		Shahnameh is essentially a history of the Persian kings (mythological and historical) and the heroes of Iran.
	www.iranchamber.com /literature/ferdowsi/story_ferdowsi_shahnameh.php (2784 words)

	Amnesty International 1999 Annual Report on Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
		Tous had replaced the journal Jameah, banned in July for “publishing lies and disturbing public order”, and maintained its editorial staff.
		Among them were Sirous Zabihi Moqaddam and Hedayatollah Kashefi, arrested in 1997 and sentenced to death in Mashhad for their alleged role in the conversion of a Muslim woman to the Baha'i faith.
		Morteza Firouzi, editor of the English-language daily Iran News who was held in unacknowledged detention for over 10 weeks in 1997 (see Amnesty International Report 1998), was reportedly sentenced to death in January on charges of “spying for a foreign country”.
	www.amnesty.org /ailib/aireport/ar99/mde13.htm (2078 words)

	Stock News Articles On TOUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Hollywood-based Technical Olympic USA (Nasdaq: TOUS) said it plans to sell 4.5 million shares of common stock for $26 a share, or a total of $117 million.
		Chairman George Tous van Nijkerk told fellow trustees, "Our current name is no longer reflective of our organization and a new name gives us the opportunity to...
		Sazgara, one of the founders of Iran's reformist press, published the daily papers Jameh, Neshat and Tous, which have all been suspended, and is the founder of...
	wnw.daylightonline.com /financial/TOUS.htm (1297 words)

	Country and Regional Reports
		The pro-Khatemi daily Jameah, which in a short span of time had made a name for itself through its bold coverage of social and political issues, was closed in July after a court found it guilty of publishing insults and false information in its criticisms of public officials.
		Jameah's successor, the daily Tous, was closed in September for "publication of articles against national security and general interests." Several members of the newspaper's staff were arrested and held without charge for several days.
		The disappearances and suspicious deaths of several writers and free expression advocates in the last months of the year sent a chilling message to independent-minded writers and journalists alike.
	www.cpj.org /attacks98/1998/mideast/Iran.html (446 words)

	The Iranian: News & Views
		In an open letter sent today to the Head of the Judiciary in Iran, Ayatollah Yazdi, Human Rights Watch called for the immediate and unconditional release of four journalists from the daily newspaper Tous, who were arrested on the order of a Revolutionary Court on September 16.
		Ebrahim Nabavi, a staff writer with Tous were arrested on the order of the Revolutionary Court for publishing articles "against security and general interests."
		Article 9(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which Iran is a party, requires states to ensure that: Everyone has the right to liberty and security of person.
	www.iranian.com /News/Oct98/hrw.html (827 words)

	IRAN. Des vies en suspens : appel public aux autorités judiciaires iraniennes - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Tous deux seraient détenus à Jolfa, dans le nord-ouest de l’Iran.
		Tous deux ont été condamnés à mort, la lapidation a été prononcée pour Hajieh Esmailvand.
		Selon un article paru le 8 janvier 2004 dans le journal Iran, une cour pénale de la ville de Qazvin a condamné un homme – dont l’identité n’est pas connue – à recevoir 80 coups de fouet et à purger une peine de dix années d’emprisonnement, suivie d’une exécution par lapidation.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/fraMDE130552004?open&of=fra-IRN (948 words)

	Chapitre I - C) Les frontières de l'Iran (Adreba Solneman)
		Enfin, en 1978, les Kurdes d'Iran, comme tous les habitants de cet Etat, s'insurgent contre le Shâh.
		Illégitime, l'occupation est toujours précaire et son principe contient une critique de toute légalité qui menace à tout moment tous ses tenants.
		Mais si le battage fut grand, en Iran, et la contradiction nulle, si les mesures extraordinaires contre presse et gauche en furent facilitées, le gros du mouvement ne fut pas entraîné.
	www.teleologie.org /textes/AS/1c6a.htm (2048 words)

	Politique Internationale n° 103 printemps 2004 - Entretien /R.Pahlavi : Pour un Iran démocratique / Interview
		Pendant plus de vingt ans, ils ont eu recours à tous les moyens de propagande possibles pour contrôler les jeunes générations et les maintenir dans l'ignorance.
		Il faudra le rendre accessible à tous en décentralisant les tribunaux et en allégeant les procédures.
		Par ailleurs, toutes les ethnies qui cohabitent en Iran devront, selon la Constitution, pouvoir administrer leurs propres affaires elles-mêmes.
	www.politiqueinternationale.com /PI_PSO/PI_PRIN/PIPRIN_REV/PIPRIN_REV_PAD/PAD_DP/103/01_en.htm (3506 words)

	Archive of recent articles on Iran...
		Une fois cet objectif atteint, tous les courants politiques seront libres de prêcher pour leur paroisse et de se disputer les suffrages des électeurs dans un climat ouvert et sain.
		Je rêve d'un Iran où tous les citoyens seraient considérés, indépendamment de leurs origines ethniques, culturelles ou religieuses, comme des membres à part entière d'une société riche de ses diversités.
		Tous les Iraniens, y compris moi-même, devront se plier à la volonté exprimée par la majorité.
	www.rezapahlavi.org /articles/pi2001.html (4717 words)

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