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Topic: Town class destroyers

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	Joining The War At Sea 1939-1945- Chapter Five
		Edison attempted, as did other destroyers, to make use of the Westinghouse FD, fire control radar, for detection purposes but I do not recall any success, and was left with the impression that there was little enthusiasm even for the AA efficacy of early designs of the FD radar.
		A US destroyer sent ahead to find Shad the night before the landings could only determine that she was not there, and on the spot replaced her for this duty.
		Except for two boats which missed the control destroyer and landed and broke up on rocks to the east of Sherki Headland, the Blue 2 boats, at the narrowest beach under the headland, did well and some of their boats retracted before it was light and got back to their transport by 0630.
	www.destroyers.org /bensonlivermore/seawar5.html (13198 words)

	Canadian Navy Anti-Submarine Weapons & Torpedoes
		River class destroyers were originally fitted with two quad launchers, with the aft launcher later removed to make room for new AA armament.
		The OBERON class also had two rear-firing tubes, for un-guided countermeasure torpedoes, but these were disabled fairly early on in their service lives (and reportedly sometimes used for beer storage thereafter) and were later removed altogether during the SOUP refits.
		LAURENT, RESTIGOUCHE, MACKENZIE, ANNAPOLIS, and IROQUOIS class destroyers, and HALIFAX class frigates.
	www.hazegray.org /navhist/canada/systems/asw (1991 words)

	Freelance Traveller - The Shipyard - On the Naming of Ships
		Classes were named after a "name ship" of the class.
		The class has some generic name and each ship in the class is named after a specific example of the class name.
		The "Kiev Class" of missile cruiser/carriers were "Project 1357"; the first block of these ships (Kiev and Minsk) were "Project 1143.1"; the second block, built to a modified design (Novossibrisk) were "Project 1357.3".
	www.freelancetraveller.com /features/shipyard/naming.html (2106 words)

	[No title]
		Destroyers and other craft were used to ferry people out to the troopship.
		Worse, both of these classes of destroyers were known as ‘fuel hogs’ because their consumption rate was higher than any other class of ship in RCN service.
		The explosion destroyed the stern, blew away the #4 hatch cover and the mainmast, stopped the engines and caused the ship to sink by the stern with a heavy starboard list after four minutes.
	www.seawaves.com /newsletters/TDIH/june/17Jun.txt (2906 words)

	A Tin Can Sailors Destroyer History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As she slowed to rescue the men, an enemy submarine was detected preparing to attack the destroyer.
		Captain A. Converse and a squadron of U.S. destroyers were returning from the hunt that had marked the end of Kapitan Siegfried Koitschka's U-616 when they crossed the bow of Heinrich's "canoe." He ordered a spread of three torpedoes, missing Converse’s flagship, USS ELLYSON (DD-454).
		The destroyers began their one-two punch at the submarine at about 0300 and continued for nearly four hours.
	www.destroyers.org /nl-histories/dd424-nl.htm (982 words)

	Town Class Destroyers
		Due to the large number of losses of destroyers during the opening year of the war, it was considered a priority to acquire destroyers as soon as possible.
		It was agreed on the 1st September, and as a act courtesy, the Destroyers were to keep their US names, but this was later changed to Town names which both are in the US aswell as Britain.
		Town Class destroyers, Message Board for naval enthusiasts and ex Crew descendents of the Town class destroyers.
	www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk /town_class.htm (507 words)

	TOWN Class
		This class of overage WWI US destroyers were among the 50 such ships given to the RN under the Lend-Lease program, six of which almost immediately reverted to the RCN, with two transferred later.
		Many of the class suffered from mechanical problems, and were relegated to the torpedo training role.
		Before being sunk, she was probably the most successful TOWN class ship in the RCN.
	www.hazegray.org /navhist/canada/ww2/town (280 words)

	Naval History.CA - Articles - The Return of the Wolf Packs: The Battle for ON 113
		The two destroyers remained in the vicinity of the wreckage of U-90 until 2040 when they sailed to rejoin their flock.
		It may have allowed the two destroyers, which were absent astern, to rejoin more easily, although this seems an unlikely explanation considering their high turn of speed.
		They were both destroyed later on this cruise and as a result their war diaries have not survived.
	www.familyheritage.ca /Articles/returnofwolfpacks.html (10134 words)

	A Survey of US Ships Transferred to Britain in Exchange for Western Hemisphere Basing Rights
		Between 9 September and 5 December 1940, the USN transferred 3 Shaw, 23 Wickes and 18 Clemson Class destroyers to the RN and 4 Wickes and 2 Clemson Class destroyers to the Royal Canadian Navy.
		The destroyers transferred to the RN were given town names common to both Britain and the United States, as was the HMCS Annapolis.
		One of the destroyers lost achieved unique fame; HMS Campbeltown being expended as a floating bomb in a daring commando attack in which it rammed the gates of the Normandie Lock at Saint-Nazaire, a French city on the Biscay Coast.
	www.navweaps.com /index_tech/tech-072.htm (1297 words)

	Town-class
		This destroyer was one of the fifty destroyers of the "destroyers-deal", an agreement between the British and Americans, for which the Americans got bases in Commonewealth territory in exchange for the destroyers.
		These ships, in Britain known as the Town-class escorts, generally have performed well, being available when they were most needed, but one of their less features was a bad stearing control.
		Destroyed at St Nazaire March 28 1942 during operation Chariot.
	www.netherlandsnavy.nl /Townclass.htm (422 words)

	Ships in Bottles, Destroyer, DD76 USS Philip
		In the dark days of September, 1940, when an embattled England stood with her back to the wall, the United States transferred fifty over-age destroyers of the Wickes and Clemson classes to the Royal Navy in return for long-term (99 year) leases on British naval bases in the Eastern Atlantic.
		All ships were renamed for towns in England having names in common with towns in the United States and as a result the ships in British service received the name "Town Class" destroyers.
		Many of the Town Class destroyers were lost to enemy action, even more were damaged, but G-05 HMS Lancaster was one of the lucky ones.
	seafarer.netfirms.com /2/philip.htm (417 words)

	Juno Beach Centre "Destroyers"
		In 1939, destroyers are viewed by Allied navies as the essential weapon for anti-submarine warfare.
		Finally, the four Tribal class destroyers were built in Great Britain during the war and added to the RCN fleet in 1942 and 1943.
		Construction on four Tribal class destroyers started at the Halifax Shipyards Ltd. in 1942 and 1943, but the first of that series, HMCS Micmac was not combat-ready before September 1945, after the end of the war.
	www.junobeach.org /e/4/can-tac-des-ep.htm (431 words)

	China's Military Capabilities
		The Song class may be fitted with a version of the C-801 or C-802 anti-ship missile that is capable of submerged launch.
		The follow-on Type 093 class is expected to build on the experience from the Han class and on assistance from Russian submarine builders.
		The class has four sub-groups: the Jianghu I (27 in service) carry 4 C-201 ASMs, 2-4 100 mm guns, plus varying numbers of lighter caliber guns; the sole Jianghu II replaces aft armament with a helicopter hanger; and the 3 Jianghu III/IVs replace the C-201 with 8 C-801 or C-802 ASMs.
	www.comw.org /cmp/fulltext/iddschina.html (5386 words)

	Brad Babin
		The locusts as destroyers could also be read as a metaphor for the massive appropriation of land and resulting displacement or, slaughter of its original inhabitants by Europeans.
		And this is the theme running behind all these poems, the less privileged worker, doomed to a life of drudgery, trapped in an inhumane environment, a world indifferent to him and his pain.
		He clothes and feeds the affluent class that carries on in willful ignorance of, or indifference to, the circumstances of his hard life.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /english/Banks/Brad_Babin.htm (3593 words)

	Royal Navy Destroyers
		Destroyer website dedicated to the history of HMS Lewes, HMS Leeds and HMS Ludlow from their launch to their participation in major wars also notice board for families of ex-crew of Town Class destroyers.
		HMS Lewes was the last of the "Town Class" to be scrapped.
		Town Class destroyers, Message Board for naval enthusiasts and ex Crew families of the Town class destroyers.
	www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk /1st_group.htm (718 words)

	Sheffield Class Type 42 Destroyers
		The principle role of the Sheffield Class Type 42 destroyers is to provide area air defence for a task force and since their introduction into service they have constituted the fleet's principle anti-air warfare capability.
		Unlike the Type 82 Destroyer, the Type 42 was designed and built with both a helicopter deck and hanger and one of its most versatile weapons is the Lynx helicopter.
		During the Falklands Conflict (1982) this was a major problem as HMS Sheffield was destroyed not by the detonation of the exocet missile, but by the fires that spread through the ship at a rapid rate.
	www.btinternet.com /~warship/Today/type42.htm (2278 words)

	US NAVY SHIPS
		With the retirement of the Adams and Coontz class DDG's, Perry's will be forced to take places in carrier battle groups (something they are really not fully capable of doing) until sufficient numbers of Arleigh Burke class destroyers become available.
		The Knox class ships are being placed in reserve as they are no longer truly adequate for front line service and their mission (protecting convoys to Europe) is arguably obsolete.
		Truxtun is that vessel from the Belknap class.
	members.tripod.com /raptor02/usn.html (4117 words)

	Defence Talk Forum - Old destroyers in early WWII
		Apparantly these destroyers were old USN 4-stack destroyers, and must have been totally obsolete.
		Destroyers, given to Britain form the US, in return for a 99 year lease of Bases in West Indies and British Guiana.
		These old destroyers were used by the Royal Navy, in various rolls, including HMS Campbletown, in Operation Chariot.
	www.defencetalk.com /forums/printthread.php?t=3950 (2023 words)

	Chapter 3 - Logistics - A Short History
		On 5 July 1950, three TRIBAL class destroyers were dispatched from the west coast fleet to assist in UN operations in Korea.
		As late as 1939, it was not customary for destroyers to carry Accountant Officers onboard but during the war as the number of Reserve Paymasters increased, the practice arose of appointing to destroyers and later to frigates an officer to gain experience and carry out the wide range of Paymaster duties.
		Classes were held in Mess Decks and various nooks and crannies of STADACONA and in the basement of the United Memorial Church
	www.dnd.ca /admmat/logbranch/handbook/Volume1/chap3_e.htm (17295 words)

	DDG-51 ARLEIGH BURKE-class - Navy Ships
		Congress appropriated $3.6 billion for construction of 4 new destroyers in fiscal year 1997 and gave the Navy authority to procure a total of 12 destroyers in fiscal years 1998 through 2001 using a multiyear acquisition strategy.
		Class changes in production Flight IIA critical to littoral warfighting effectiveness include the incorporation of embarked helicopters (SH-60R), an organic minehunting capability and the introduction of area theater ballistic missile defense capability to protect near coastal air-fields and seaports essential to the flow of forces into theater in time of conflict.
		Ten sailors missing in apparent attack on Cole presumed dead, Stars and Stripes, 13 October 2000 -- The 10 U.S. sailors missing in the bombing of the U.S. Navy warship in Yemen are presumed dead, raising the death toll in the apparent terrorist attack to 17, the Navy said Friday.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/ddg-51.htm (8886 words)

	RNbibliography
		Author was a RN destroyer commander with Force H, Eastern Fleet, and Normandy, etc. Out of print.
		Coverage of RN and U.S. destroyers, with an emphasis on their weapons, photos, and line drawings.
		Brief descriptions of of the 50 Town Class destroyers donated by the USN.
	www.steelnavy.com /newpage51.htm (1310 words)

	Destroyer History — Bath Iron Works, Bath, Maine
		Among these were the first ships to commission of the Gleaves, Fletcher, Allen M. Sumner and Gearing classes—Gleaves, Nicholas, Barton and Frank Knox, respectively.
		The photos at left show the shipyar d and the town of Bath, Maine, as they appeared late in the war, with approximately 14 Gearing-class destroyers visible.
		Launches were timed during slack water at high tide, when there would be no current to carry a new ship the short distance upstream into the Kennebec River bridge.
	www.destroyerhistory.org /destroyers/bath.html (252 words)

	uboat.net - Allied Warships - Town class Destroyers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Town class of ships were exchanged with Great Britain under a \"ships for bases\" deal agreed between President Rosolvelt and Prime Minister Churchill.
		HMS Champeltown took part in one of the most dramatic naval operations in WW2 when she was modified and had several tons of explosive fitted in her bow.
		Approximately eighty identical but better preserved destroyers, including USS Reuben James, remained in active service with the United States Navy to become the U-boats\' most numerous American adversaries while newer destroyers went to the Pacific.
	uboat.net /allies/warships/class.html?ID=24 (458 words)

	Destroyers for Bases Agreement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom, September 2, 1940, transferred fifty obsolete destroyers from the United States Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions.
		In the Commonwealth navies the ships were named after towns, and were therefore known as the Town class, although they had originally belonged to three ship classes (the Caldwell, Clemson, and Wickes classes).
		The move was seen as the selling of part of the Empire, and some in the United States were particularly worried about overseas imperialism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Destroyers_for_Bases_Agreement (377 words)

	Naval History.CA - Articles - Tactics, Training & Technology
		For sound gear the destroyer was equipped with type 141 asdic, a modification of the American sonar found on most of the town-class destroyers.
		The destroyer's obsolescent British type 286M metric radar was unlikely to detect the shadower but the warship's presence could still make shadowing difficult.
		Commander D.C. Wallace had in the meantime ordered HMCS Wetaskiwin to join the destroyer in the hunt; both escorts were commanded by professional RCN officers and Milner has observed that it was probably for this reason that Wallace chose the corvette.
	www.familyheritage.ca /Articles/summer1942.html (7739 words)

	[No title]
		ADM. CARNEVALE: Another option, on this ship class or any other ship class, is to take the generators and engines and locate them at various different spots around the ship to maximize their survivability.
		But if, for example, in manpower on the DD21, whereas our existing destroyers have manning of over 300 people, we are talking about reducing this to 95 people as a target.
		We've got people, contractors, out there who competitively have come forward and said yes they are willing to sign up to do this, and make financial commitments of their own money as well towards this.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/ships/destroyers/dd21/navy0106.txt (7120 words)

	Destroyers Sea Tale Books
		Robert Parkin has written a history of each Destroyer's actions prior to its doom, as well as a context for the battle in which it was lost.
		In this outstandingly illustrated work (bandw throughout with a 16-page color center-spread) Sumrall traces the origins and evolution of these destroyers over nearly forty years and through three wars, showing the advances made in ordnance, fire control, and steam engineering.
		A comprehensive study of the revolutionary Spruance-class (DD 963) destroyers, which emerged from a cloud of controversy to become the mainstays of the current surface fleet, seeing more action since 1980 than all other surface combatants combined.
	www.schoonerman.com /book/dest.htm (578 words)

	Destroyers transferred to Britain under Destroyers for Bases agreement
		Destroyers for Great Britain: A History of 50 Town Class Ships Transferred from the United States to Great Britain in 1940.
		Destroyers Transferred to Great Britain as a Result of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement: The 50 Ships Including their Royal Navy Names, Pennant Numbers and Subsequent Disposition.
		1940, she was considered by the U.S. Navy as the worst damaged but surviving destroyer available and was extensively studied for explosive effects and damage control; consigned for scrapping 1 Dec. 1944.
	www.history.navy.mil /faqs/faq59-24a.htm (1371 words)

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