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Topic: Townshend Acts

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Stamp Act

Sugar Act

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Stamp Act 1765

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American Revolution

	American War of Independence - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Revenues derived from the act were intended to pay part of the cost of maintaining a permanent force of 10,000 British troops to prevent hostilities between the colonists and the Native Americans of the western frontiers.
		To the colonists, the Stamp Act violated the right of British subjects not to be taxed without representation; it undermined the independence of their colonial assemblies; and it appeared to be one step in a plot to deprive them of their liberty.
		The Massachusetts Government Act altered the colony's charter by permitting the Crown rather than the House of Representatives to appoint the Governor's Council and by restricting town meetings to one a year for the sole purpose of electing town officials.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761569964__1/american_war_of_independence.html (5838 words)

	Townshend Acts - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Townshend Acts were passed in 1767 by the British Parliament, having been proposed by Charles Townshend, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, just before his death.
		In contrast to the Stamp Act of 1765, the laws were not a direct tax, but a tax on imports.
		Eventually, John Dickinson (1732-1808) raised support to repeal the Townshend Acts by a series of 12 letters addressing himself as "The Farmer".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Townshend_Acts (323 words)

	Charles Townshend - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While in opposition his mind was swayed to and fro with conflicting emotions of dislike to the head of the ministry and of desire to share in the spoils of office.
		Before this could be accomplished Chatham's mind became impaired, and Townshend, who was the most determined and influential of his colleagues, swayed the ministry as he liked, pledging himself to find a revenue in America with which to meet the deficiency caused by the reduction in the land tax.
		These measures were known as the Townshend Acts, and he received the support of his cousin Thomas Townshend who was also a minister in the government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Charles_Townshend (1082 words)

	Townshend Acts - MSN Encarta
		Townshend Acts, measures passed by the British Parliament in 1767, affecting the American colonies.
		The acts were named for their sponsor, the British chancellor of the Exchequer Charles Townshend.
		A subsequent legislative act established commissioners in the colonies to administer the customs services and to make sure the duties were collected.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570278/Townshend_Acts.html (178 words)

	The Townshend Acts
		To enforce the acts, the use of writs of assistance (general warrants) was authorized, admiralty courts were given jurisdiction, and a board of customs commissioners was established in America.
		Funds raised by the acts were to be used to establish a civil system composed of royal governors, judges, and others dependent not upon the colonies but on the provincial assemblies for their salaries.
		Shortly after the implementation of the Townshend Acts, Samuel Adams and James Otis, two members of the Massachusetts Assembly, drafted a resolution and a circular letter that were adopted by the Assembly and sent to each of the colonial assemblies.
	www.magic-city-news.com /History_37/The_Townshend_Acts_1297_printer.shtml (921 words)

	The Townshend Acts
		Charles Townshend, known as “Champagne Charlie” to his friends, was the chancellor of the exchequer in the period following the repeal of the Stamp Act.
		Townshend was perceptive enough to realize that during the Stamp Act Crisis, the Americans had objected to what they had described as internal taxation.
		Through the Townshend Acts, the colonists were being pinched, and the English merchants were feeling the squeeze all the way across the Atlantic Ocean in a land 3the Townshend Acts as well.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h643.html (896 words)

	Townshend Acts Imposed on the Colonies 1767
		He opposed the Stamp Act and believed that colonists were entitled to all the rights of English citizens.
		Unlike his predecessor, Townshend was not concerned with the subtleties of the rights of American colonists.
		Townshend wanted to strengthen the power of the British parliament which would simultaneously strengthen the power of royal officials.
	www.multied.com /revolt/Townshend.html (168 words)

	American Revolution - Townshend Acts - 1767
		1767, originated by Charles Townshend and passed by the English Parliament shortly after the repeal of the Stamp Act.
		The Boston merchants again boycotted English goods, the Massachusetts Assembly was dissolved (1768) for sending a circular letter to other colonies explaining the common plight, and British troops sent to enforce these laws and keep peace were involved in unpleasant incidents, notably the Boston Massacre.
		The boycott decreased British trade, and in 1770 most of the Acts were repealed, but retention of the tea tax caused the Boston Tea Party.
	www.americanrevolution.com /TownshendActs.htm (131 words)

	The Townshend Acts originated with Charles Townshend in 1766
		The Townshend Acts originated with Charles Townshend in 1766.
		Troops were present in the city to discourage demonstrations against the Townshend Acts.
		This Act was later amended, though the tax on tea was kept, and eventually led to the Boston Tea Party.
	www.angelfire.com /rebellion/summer_snows/Townshend.htm (254 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (1994): Chapter Three: Townshend Acts (4/14)
		The so-called Townshend Acts were based on the premise that taxes imposed on goods imported by the colonies were legal while internal taxes (like the Stamp Act) were not.
		The Townshend Acts were designed to raise revenue to be used in part to support colonial governors, judges, customs officers and the British army in America.
		The agitation following enactment of the Townshend duties was less violent than that stirred by the Stamp Act, but it was nevertheless strong, particularly in the cities of the Eastern seaboard.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/1994/ch3_p4.htm (459 words)

	Causes of the American Revolution: The Townshend Duties.
		When Charles Townshend became the chancellor of the British Exchequer, he took over the mess that the previous administration had created, or at least had allowed to take place.
		However, these acts would cause further trouble for the British government and renew the strain on the relationship between the colonies and the mother country.
		This board was there to enforce the Navigation Acts, the Sugar Act of 1764 and the new Townshend duties.
	www.history1700s.com /articles/article1134.shtml (753 words)

	Townshend Acts: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
		The Revolutionary War in America was the result of a series of acts levied against the colonists by the English Parliament.
		To compensate for the deficit, Charles Townshend, chancellor of the exchequer, proposed legislation that would raise revenue from various taxes directed at the colonists.
		These laws, called the Townshend Acts, imposed duties on the importation of such articles as lead, glass, paint, tea, and paper into the colonies.
	law.enotes.com /wests-law-encyclopedia/townshend-acts (172 words)

	Townshend Acts information - Search.com
		In contrast to the Stamp Act of 1765, the laws were not a direct tax, but a tax on imports.
		The Acts led to outrage among the colonists and helped spark the "Liberty" seizure and riots of 1768.
		Eventually, John Dickinson (1732-1808) raised support to repeal the Townshend Acts by a series of 12 letters addressing himself as "The Farmer".
	www.search.com /reference/Townshend_Acts (310 words)

	United States History - Townshend Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		The so-called Townshend Acts were based on the premise that taxes imposed on goods imported by the colonies were legal while internal taxes (like the Stamp Act) were not.
		The Townshend Acts were designed to raise revenue to be used in part to support colonial governors, judges, customs officers and the British army in America.
		The agitation following enactment of the Townshend duties was less violent than that stirred by the Stamp Act, but it was nevertheless strong, particularly in the cities of the Eastern seaboard.
	countrystudies.us /united-states/history-23.htm (432 words)

	Charles Townshend - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Townshend, Charles (1725-1767) (1725-1767), English politician and administrator in the American colonies, whose Townshend Acts introducing import...
		Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount Townshend of Raynham (1675-1738), British statesman, prominent under King George I. Born at Raynham, Norfolk,...
		Townshend, Thomas, 1st Viscount Sydney (1733-1800), English politician and statesman.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Charles_Townshend.html (72 words)

	Magic City Morning Star: The Townshend Acts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		To enforce the acts, the use of writs of assistance (general warrants) was authorized, admiralty courts were given jurisdiction, and a board of customs commissioners was established in America.
		Funds raised by the acts were to be used to establish a civil system composed of royal governors, judges, and others dependent not upon the colonies but on the provincial assemblies for their salaries.
		Shortly after the implementation of the Townshend Acts, Samuel Adams and James Otis, two members of the Massachusetts Assembly, drafted a resolution and a circular letter that were adopted by the Assembly and sent to each of the colonial assemblies.
	magic-city-news.com /cgi-bin/artman/exec/view.cgi/2/1297 (923 words)

	Townshend Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		The Townshend Acts called for new import taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea.
		Colonists, however, saw the Townhsend Acts as another attempt for England to gain full control over them as the revenues made by the acts would be used to pay for the salaries of the royal governors and judges in America.
		In March, 1770, the Townshend Acts were repealed, except for the tax on tea.
	cis.kvcc.edu /HTMLStudents/kayanyG/townshend-act.htm (108 words)

	Digital History
		Because colonial assemblies were traditionally responsible for paying colonial officials, the Townshend Acts appeared to be an attack on their legislative authority.
		The Townshend Acts also set up a board of customs commissioners, which was supposed to be a more efficient way of organizing the customs system.
		When New York refused to provide supplies for the soldiers Townshend responded by threatening to nullify all laws passed by the New York assembly until the Quartering Act was obeyed.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=281 (591 words)

	This Day in History 1770: Townshend Acts tossed aside
		On this fateful day in 1770, the British government moved to mollify outraged colonists by repealing almost all of the Townshend Acts.
		Initially passed in the summer of 1767, the Townshend Acts were the British government's fiscal and political play to maintain its power over the American colonies.
		The bills, named after their sponsor, Charles Townshend, not only suspended America's uppity body of representatives, but also levied a controversial package of revenue taxes, including duties on paint, paper and tea.
	www.history.com /tdih.do?action=tdihArticleCategory&id=5823 (184 words)

	The American Revolution - The Making of America and Her Independence
		In 1764, the British passed the Sugar Act, the first law aimed strictly at raising American money for the Crown, increasing the duties on merchandise imported into the Colonies that was not of British origin.
		New York became the focus of American resistance to the Quartering Act since, as headquarters for the British military in the Colonies, it was greatly affected by the Act.
		Some believed that the Stamp Act should be enforced through the use of the military, while others praised the Colonists for opposing a tax levied by a Parliament in which they had no representation.
	www.americanrevolution.com /his_events_over.html (1961 words)

	AllRefer.com - Townshend Acts (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		Townshend Acts, 1767, originated by Charles Townshend and passed by the English Parliament shortly after the repeal of the Stamp Act.
		They were designed to collect revenue from the colonists in America by putting customs duties on imports of glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea.
		The Boston merchants again boycotted English goods, the Massachusetts Assembly was dissolved (1768) for sending a circular letter to other colonies explaining the common plight, and British troops sent to enforce these laws and keep peace were involved in unpleasant incidents, notably the Boston Massacre.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/T/TwnshdAc.html (252 words)

	The Townshend Acts Conflict
		Georgia's response to the Townshend Acts differed greatly from the northern colonies and their own violent actions against the Stamp Act for a variety of reasons.
		Whereas the Stamp Act required nearly everyone to pay new taxes for daily activities, the taxes in the Townshend Acts did little to disturb the small merchant class and had no repercussions for the majority of Georgians who were planters and frontiersmen outside of Savannah.
		The main reason citizens of Georgia reacted at all to the Townshend Acts was to support the other colonies and follow their lead.
	www.virginia.edu /history/courses/hius401b/papers/webb/townshen.htm (1051 words)

	SparkNotes: The American Revolution (1754–1781): The Boston Massacre and Tea Party: 1767–1774
		Although initial opposition to the Townshend Acts was less extreme than the initial reaction to the Stamp Act, it eventually became far greater.
		This act agitated colonists even further: although the new monopoly meant cheaper tea, many Americans believed that Britain was trying to dupe them into accepting the hated tax.
		The dumping of the tea in the harbor was the most destructive act that the colonists had taken against Britain thus far.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/american/revolution/section3.rhtml (830 words)

	The American Revolution
		The Stamp Act Congress passed a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances," which claimed that American colonists were equal to all other British citizens, protested taxation without representation, and stated that, without colonial representation in Parliament, Parliament could not tax colonists.
		Although some in Parliament thought the army should be used to enforce the Stamp Act (1765), others commended the colonists for resisting a tax passed by a legislative body in which they were not represented.
		Threatened by the alliance between France and America, Parliament proposed the repeal of the Tea Act (1773) and Coercive Acts (1774), pledged not to tax the colonies, and sent peace commissioners to America.
	theamericanrevolution.org /tline.asp (3447 words)

	The History Place - Prelude to Revolution
		This act threatens to destabilize the entire colonial economy of both the industrial North and agricultural South, thus uniting the colonists against it.
		The petition requests the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Acts of 1764.
		The letter is sent to assemblies throughout the colonies and also instructs them on the methods the Massachusetts general court is using to oppose the Townshend Acts.
	www.historyplace.com /unitedstates/revolution/rev-prel.htm (2564 words)

	Townshend Acts - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		I am still trying to deal with my anger and vengeance towards sick people who are attracted to child pornography; Rock legend Pete Townshend confronts his past to reveal the private torment that drives him to campaign against the evils of pornography on the Internet.
		Internet pornography: Rock star claims that he was acting as a `vigilante' against child porn on the net Pete Townshend makes statement claiming he was abused when a child as part of his defence against allegations he accessed illegal website
		Internet pornography: Rock star claims that he was acting as a `vigilante' against child porn on the net; Pete Townshend makes statement claiming he was abused when a child as part of his defence against allegations he accessed illegal website.(News)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-TwnshdAc.html (732 words)

	A Revolutionary WEBQUEST - Key Events
		The colonists believed this outrageous act must be stopped, so they took immediate action.
		One section of the act closed Boston harbor to further tea shipments until Bostians paid for all the tea they had destroyed in 1773.
		The colonists organized resistance to the acts, and the First Continental Congress was created.
	library.advanced.org /11683/events.html (484 words)

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