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Topic: Toxcatl

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	The Aztec Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Toxcatl lasted for 20 days, and culminated in the sacrifice of a young man who had been chosen as a teotl ixiptla (divine image), a living representative of Tezcatlipoca.
		During that time he would be feasted and treated as if he were truly the god on earth, clothed in rich garments, and would walk among the streets playing Tezcatlipoca's flute, followed a retinue of devotees and servants.
		During these last days of his life, the ixiptla would be wedded to four young ladies who were themselves ixiptlas of Tezcatlipoca's wives, and his principle duties until his death would be to lay with these women as often as he wanted, and to parade about famously throughout the city.
	www.amoxtli.org /cuezali/how.html (553 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 2003010955
		The cult of Tezcatlipoca: the Feast of Toxcatl 1.
		Analysis of the feast of Toxcatl: the representatives of the gods 4.
		Analysis of the feast of Toxcatl: myths and rituals 5.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip044/2003010955.html (318 words)

	TOXCATL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Raging storms batter the island with wind, rain, and lightning almost daily, which delights the inhabitants to no end, because each storm is looked on as a blessing by their lord, Tlaloc.
		The people of Toxcatl develop stronger national and family loyalties than any other city-state because continuing to exist on this barren rock requires teamwork from every man, woman, and child.
		The temples of Toxcatl are equipped with long, metal rods that extend high above the temple altar.
	www.tlucretius.net /SpiritWarriors/TOXCATL.htm (608 words)

	Tezcatlipoca Summary - Tezcatlipoca Information
		By women he was called "tall one, head nodder, handful of stars." He moved regally about the capital dressed in flower headdresses and luxurious ornaments, carrying his smoking pipe and flute and speaking graciously to all who greeted him.
		Twenty days prior to his sacrifice at the height of Toxcatl, the ixiptla was given four beautiful maidens in marriage.
		Following his heart sacrifice to the Sun, his head was strung on the public skull rack in the main ceremonial center of Tenochtitlán.
	www.bookrags.com /other/religion/tezcatlipoca-eorl-13.html (746 words)

	Chapter 10
		It should, therefore, be possible to devise a computer program to run the Nahua secular calendar "backward" in the same manner that I had done with the Maya calendar in order to establish when it had actually come into being.
		Therefore, it was necessary to insert a "flag" in my program which would search out the closest correspondence between the beginning of Toxcatl and the "binding of the years" ceremony, which in our calendar would have occurred in the month of October.
		Instead, all they could do is record its last visual sighting in the east (in the case of a superior conjunction) and its first sighting in the west.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~izapa/CS-MM-Chap.10.htm (8521 words)

	The Aztec Gateway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The twenty days of Toxcatl mainly revolved around a young man who was chosen as the ixiptla of Tezcatlipoca.
		He was chosen based on both appearance and manners- the earthly representative had to be particularly handsome, as well as cultured and refined.
		When Toxcatl came the next year, he would be wedded to four women who were themselves ixiptla of the goddesses Xochiquetzal, Xilonen, Atlatonan, and Huixtocihuatl.
	www.amoxtli.org /cuezali/festivals.html (2784 words)

	Sam's Place - the Aztec World
		For a month he is treated with complete respect, he's given riches, given everything he wants; he's taught to play the flute - sacred to Tezcatlipoca - and is given four beautiful wives.
		On the day of Toxcatl he walks up the pyramid alone, breaking his flutes as he goes.
		During Tepeilhuitl, we honor the spirits of the mountains, the Power that is in the high mountain peaks.
	www.necrobabes.org /samiam/frame/aztec/w/calend2.htm (1126 words)

	Sister Stories - Sacred food (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		In the movement of dough images from the houses to the center and back, the transmission of food between lords and commoners was echoed.
		The dough image of Huitzilopochtli, prepared in the temple of the calpulli Huitznahuac during the month of Toxcatl, was carried on a litter to the great temple in the center of Tenochtitlan by women.
		Half a year later, in Panquetzaliztli, this dough image was killed with the weapon of male warfare, a dart, in the center as the ruler watched.
	www.nyupress.org /sisterstories/sacred.food.html (312 words)

	ARARA :: issue 2 [Guest Contributor :: Gordon Brotherston]
		Over the final four pages which correspond to the first summer quarter, the pairing principle is most neat and in Tozoztli includes appropriate maize-cob and penance imagery, before Toxcatl and then the second and final grand fire-drilling at the summer solstice.
		Meanwhile, the start of the planting year in Tititl is specified in the fact the second part of the chapter, on the reverse side of the screenfold, opens with a clear representation of caiman earth, measured and seeded [Fig.10].
		Dusty hot wind always led to bellicosity in Toxcatl (May), yet when the Spaniards were driven actually to massacre their Mexican hosts in that Feast in 1520, it was noted as special in the Tlaxcala Lienzo.
	www2.essex.ac.uk /arthistory/arara/issue_two/paper6.html (6266 words)

	Sister Stories - Toxcatl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The ixiptla, the human image of Tezcatlipoca, Smoking Mirror, the fl double of Huitzilopochtli, walked the streets of Tenochtitlan for a year playing reed flutes.
		On his feast in Toxcatl, when he was to die, he was first dressed, with eagle down covering his head, popcorn flower garlands and a stole of popcorn flowers, with shell jewelry, and the bells called oyoalli on his legs.
		He wore these ornaments until he married his four brides, the human images of the goddesses Xochiquetzal, Xilonen, Atlatonan, and Huixtocihuatl.
	www.nyupress.org /sisterstories/toxcatl/toxcatl.html (107 words)

	The Mexica and Spanish Accounts Of the Conquest of Mexico
		It seems as though in each perspective certain facts are greatly exaggerated, usually in the favor of the viewpoint of the group telling the story in order to make themselves appear to be in the right.
		The Festival of Toxcatl and the fleeing of the Spanish from Tenochtitlan are just some of the accounts with major differences.
		The Spanish version of the Festival of Toxcatl tells a story of how the Mexicas had planned to rebel against the Spanish.
	radessays.com /viewpaper/37346/The_Mexica_and_Spanish_Accounts_Of_th... (296 words)

	History Channel Search Results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		For one year before he was to be the sacrifice to Tezcatlipoca, a young, handsome prisoner was chosen to live in luxury.
		At the end of that year, during the fifth ritual month (Toxcatl), he climbed the steps of a temple and was sacrificed by having his heart cut out.
		An article from Funk and Wagnalls® New Encyclopedia.
	historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..te037500.a (192 words)

	D:\PROGRAM FILES\SOFTQUAD\HOTMETAL PRO\gifs\Aztec120.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		According to the Mexicas Motecuhzoma said to La Malinche: "Please ask the god to hear me. It is almost time to celebrate the fiesta of Toxcatl.
		It will last for only ten days, and we beg his permission to hold it.
		Finally the Spaniards retired to the palace where they were lodged.
	faculty.fullerton.edu /nfitch/history110b/Aztec12.html (352 words)

	South-Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		He welcomed and honoured the Spaniards but was taken prisoner and forced to surrender although some sources state that he was a guest of the Spanish so he may possibly have done this willingly due to his religious beliefs.
		Despite this easy victory, fighting broke out during the Toxcatl ceremonies of 1520 after the Spanish had attacked and killed a large group of Aztec lords, and Motecuhzoma was killed.
		His brother, Cuitlahuac, was elected to take his place.
	www.gaminggeeks.org /Resources/KateMonk/America/South-Central/Aztec.htm (848 words)

	Attorney Derek Kiernan-Johnson, Caplan and Earnest LLC, Boulder, Colorado (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		After graduating from Fairview, he attended and graduated from Princeton University, where he earned a B.A. degree and studied religion, dramatic performance and music.
		He brought these perspectives to bear in his work at the Raphael J. Moses Mesoamerican Archive at Princeton, culminating in Experiencing Toxcatl: an Ixiptla's Perspective (1996), a multi-disciplinary study of an Aztec sacrifice from the sacrificee's point of view.
		Following this project, he developed this approach further, traveling to Bayreuth, Germany, to study composer Richard Wagner, and publishing Durch Suhn und BuB der Gnade Heil: Spiritual Suffering and Religious Salvation in the Operas of Richard Wagner (1997).
	www.celaw.com /Bio/DerekKiernanJohnson.asp (433 words)

	Pentland-Salcido Family: A Sonoran Family History -- The Tree of La Noche Triste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Dale told me that he had seen it before.
		On June 31, 1520, the Aztecs were to hold their most important ceremony, the Toxcatl, excluding the human sacrifice at the express command of the Spaniards.
		Reports conflict, but the Spaniards may have been told that there were going to be sacrifices and that THEY were to be the victims.
	parentseyes.arizona.edu /pentland-salcido/nochetriste.html (399 words)

	aztecdesigns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The priests would fast four days before the commemoration.
		MAY: The fifth month of the aztec calendar was named TOXCATL.
		Great festivities were held the first day of this month in homage to the god named TITLACAHUAN, known by other investigators by the name of TEXCATLIPOCA which means God of Gods.
	crux.baker.edu /psmith16/Web211/classproj/aztecdesigns.htm (478 words)

	List of All Products
		The fifth month of the Aztec calendar was named "TOXCATL".
		Great festivities were made on the first day of this month as homage to the god named TITLACAHUAN, known by other historians by the name of TEXCATLIPOCA, who was considered to be the god of all gods.
		Dimensions: Comes in an attractive fl wooden frame - total dimensions 11" by13.5" - inside image dimensions 7.5" by 10"
	www.kon-tiki.co.uk /en-gb/p_35.html (67 words)

	Caveat Lector » Counterweight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		And after watching them, they went up to the great Royal House: as was learned later, it is said that already they had it in mind to kill the people, if the men came out of there.
		And when the Toxcatl festival had arrived, as evening fell, they began to give body to, to make in human form the body of Huitzilopochtli, with his human semblance, with all the look of a man.
		And they made him in human form only with amaranth (?) seeds: with chicalote seeds.
	cavlec.yarinareth.net /archives/2002/12/12/counterweight (1708 words)

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