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Topic: Toxteth riots

	Toxteth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Toxteth is an area of inner-city Liverpool, England, starting approximately a mile south from the city centre.
		Unfortunately, Toxteth is probably most famous for the riots that took place in 1981.
		Outside popular opinion labelled the riots, like those around the same time in Brixton and the year before in Bristol, as simply "race riots" but this is not strictly the case.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Toxteth (1018 words)

	Toxteth Riots - Part 2
		There were many factors which contributed to the creation of the Toxteth riots, one of which was the amount of crime that was occurring before, and up to when the riots broke out.
		Another causal factor associated with the Toxteth riots is that of the enormously high rates of unemployment and appalling levels of poverty.
		It may be presumed, therefore, that the outbreak of riots in surrounding areas, due to similar factors, may have been a clear indicator in foreseeing the Toxteth riots.
	www.stthomasu.ca /~pmccorm/toxtethpart2.html (1381 words)

	Racism - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		There were further riots by immigrant and minority populations in East London during the 1930s, Notting Hill in the 1950s, and Brixton, Toxteth and Blackbird Leys, Oxford in the 1980s.
		More recently, there have been riots in Bradford and Oldham.
		These riots have followed cases of perceived racism - either the public displays of racist sentiment (including crimes against members of ethnic minorities which were subsequently ignored by the authorities), or, as in the Brixton and Toxteth riots, racial profiling and alleged harassment by the police force.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Racism (4426 words)

	The Rise of Militant: Thatcher’s Challenge To The Labour Movement
		Because of this intervention and a visit to Liverpool at the time of the Toxteth riots she was predictably dubbed "Red Clare" by the media.
		Riots have broken out in nearly all the main cities because the same bleak conditions, the same frustrations, the same hatred of the Tories and the same anger at the police exists everywhere.
		The fact that this hatred of capitalism was being channelled into a riot is a condemnation of the Labour and trade union movement, which has failed to give a real alternative to those youth, a condemnation of successive Labour governments which have abjectly failed to solve the social problems.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /militant/ch17.htm (3602 words)

	Toxteth Riots - Part 1
		This report will focus on the underlying issues concerning the Toxteth riots, such as crime, police, government, living conditions, gangs, racial issues and immigration.
		From police brutality to poverty and unemployment, the tensions in Liverpool were compiling at a rapid speed and preparing to explode.
		This outbreak of social mayhem emanating from these circumstances may be known today as the "Toxteth Riots." On July 3, 1981, the chaos commenced.
	www.stthomasu.ca /~pmccorm/toxtethpart1.html (594 words)

	Margaret Simey R.I.P. 27 July 2004
		Kirkby's 'mini riot' was pretty much a very serious incident, but paled in comparison to the riots in the more concentrated city centres and densely populated areas.
		The tactics in Toxteth and throughout the UK were, in part, picked up in the struggle a few miles over the sea in Ireland.
		In 1981 Toxteth, like many working class areas in the UK, had unemployment, bad housing and poor education, in Toxteth this was in an area with a large population of white, fl and mixed-race residents.
	www.kirkbytimes.co.uk /news_items/2004_news/m_simey_rip.html (2121 words)

	Toxteth - Freepedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The previously mentioned Canning area, at the north of the Toxteth boundary, features many fine examples of Georgian architecture – previously the houses of merchants and those profiting from the port of Liverpool, and including many fine examples of building constructed for ritual use.
		Granddad Boswell, a fictional character in the 1980s BBC Bread_(television_series) sit-com bread, which was set in a street in Toxteth.
		Robbie_Fowler, a popular player of the English game soccer whose merry jest about cocaine abuse (in which he humourously pretended to sniff a line on the pitch in the same way cocaine abusers sniff lines of the drug) brought opprobrium upon him.
	en.freepedia.org /Toxteth.html (1144 words)

	Liverpool - A City That Dared to Fight: The Road to Power
		Her fleeting visit to Liverpool to speak at a meeting was exploited as the pretext for portraying her as an incendiarist, visiting the city to throw fuel on the fire.
		In the wake of the Toxteth riots the ruling class took fright.
		Toxteth, West Derby and Kirkdale constituencies were represented respectively by arch right wingers Richard Crawshaw, Eric Ogden and Jimmy Dunn.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /liverpool/l4.htm (7083 words)

	Unreasonable Force: CHAPTER TWELVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		The centrepiece is the Toxteth Riots in Liverpool in 1981 but the central character's real life experiences as working copper, organisation man, academic and blue-eyed boy of the Force adds another dimension to the work: social control -Vs- civil liberties.
		And the proof of that particular pudding was there for all to see when we had the copycat riots in Manchester and the larger north west towns during the next few weeks.
		So, as I turn up for work, post Toxteth, this is what I reflect upon: there is a Chief Constable who accepts that the police response to the riot situation was pathetic, and a local politician who accepts that the social conditions under which many of her fellow citizens have lived are appalling.
	unreasonableforce.blogspot.com /2005/10/chapter-twelve.html (2355 words)

	Planning and Regeneration News - Planning Resource
		A second clear shared experience is that Toxteth's fl community, one of the oldest in the country, has not benefited fully from the general uplift in Liverpool's economic fortunes over recent years.
		In November 1981, a report by Lord Scarman into the disturbances earlier in the year blamed the riots on a combination of social and economic deprivation in the inner cities, and the "racial disadvantage that is a fact of British life".
		The factors that prompted the riot show strong parallels with those in Brixton and Toxteth: unemployment that reached 83 per cent among fl men, growing tensions with police, and a spark that lit the powder-keg.
	www.planning.haynet.com /pp/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=FullDetails&articleUID=d0a14473-af15-45f2-ac0e-a8f297511ba1&e=1 (3986 words)

	icLiverpool - The scars that time can't heal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		IN THE two decades since the Toxteth riots, the lapse of time has not repaired the feud between the one-time Minister for Merseyside Michael Heseltine and the prickly local Labour activist Margaret Simey, who raved and ranted at him in the dark days of 1981, as solutions for healing were bandied about.
		I told him that the police were not altogether to blame - that it was the Thatcher government which caused the riots," she pronounces, smiling wryly at the distant memory of those blistering salvoes.
		Few dispute that he was visibly distressed and shocked at the poverty he witnessed during his early trawl around demoralised Toxteth in the wake of the riots, and he still seems genuinely bothered: "As the Minister of State for the Environment, I felt a personal responsibility for them.
	icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk /2200aboutliverpool/0100history/tm_objectid=11133820&method=full&siteid=50061&headline=the-scars-that-time-can-t-heal-name_page.html (784 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| The trouble with warm weather
		Nevertheless, many of the major riots in British history have occurred at the height of summer: the Notting Hill riots in August 1976 (19C);the Toxteth riots in July 1981 (21C); the Brixton riots in September 1985 (21C); the Handsworth riots, the same month (21C).
		Having noticed that most of the US race riots in 1967 occurred on days with temperatures greater than 27C, he designed a series of extraordinary laboratory tests that persuaded him of the connection between heat and extreme behaviour.
		Far away from the riots and the homicides, the heat still gets to us, stoking politely suppressed emotions into flames - and nowhere is this more true than in the urban furnace of the traffic jam.
	www.guardian.co.uk /weather/Story/0,2763,498326,00.html (1458 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Toxteth's long road to recovery
		Lady Margaret Simey, chair of the police authority during the riots, says the funding effort was misconceived.
		The 95-year-old, who cut her teeth in the suffragette movement, sees a common thread running through the riots in Toxteth and more recent disturbances in Oldham, Burnley, Leeds, Bradford and even the riots in Gothenburg.
		But Toxteth was not alone, he says, there were equally deprived estates on the outskirts of what was a "poor city".
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/uk/newsid_1416000/1416198.stm (921 words)

	roman riots - Books, journals, articles @ The Questia Online Library
		Riots and violence were frequently...used by defenders of the Holy Roman Empire, in fact, was the cultural...Germanys balance.
		Political assassinations and riots, unknown in the early centuries of the republic, became commonplace...
		The riots were provoked by the slanderous statements recently made in...regarding attacks which were alleged to have been made on the Roman Catholic community on July 12 last, of which charges, it was...
	www.questia.com /search/roman-riots (1881 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Toxteth riots remembered
		It is said every riot has a spark, and the chaos and destruction of Liverpool's Toxteth riots were no exception.
		Lady Margaret Simey was chair of the police authority during the riots and clashed with the chief constable over his alleged failure to acknowledge the possibility social issues were behind the violence.
		It was widely argued that police harassment had exacerbated chronic unemployment, racism, bad housing and poor education in an area with a large population of fl and mixed-race residents.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/uk/newsid_1419000/1419981.stm (855 words)

	icLiverpool - How far has Toxteth come? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Twenty years on from the Toxteth riots, many of the social problems that formed a backdrop to the unrest remain as bad as ever.
		The riots galvanised the Tory government of the 1980s into action to start tackling the decay of Britain's inner cities.
		The physical signs of improvement are obvious in Toxteth, with much of the worst housing having been cleared and replaced with brand new homes, through a series of initiatives between the council, housing associations and residents.
	icliverpool.icnetwork.co.uk /2200aboutliverpool/0100history/page.cfm?objectid=11143679&method=full (594 words)

	ipedia.com: Toxteth Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		However, the bad reputation that Toxteth has had in the past means several L8 locations prefer to be known by their sub-area rather than Toxteth itself, eg, the Georgian area of ‘Canning’, around Catherine Street.
		Politically, the parliamentary constituency (Liverpool Riverside) and council ward (Granby) are both currently under Labour control (although the MP, Louise Ellman, is Labour Co-op rather than strictly Labour).
		House prices are cheap in Toxteth: in summer 2003, the average property price was just £45, 929 (compared to the national average of £160, 625).
	www.ipedia.com /toxteth.html (523 words)

	Politics \| Margaret Simey
		The long life of Margaret Simey, who has died in hospital aged 98, was dedicated to the people of Liverpool and especially to Toxteth and similar inner-city neighbourhoods.
		In the immediate postwar period and until the 1970s, Toxteth was an area rich in voluntary organisations that signified, but also often bridged, many cultural and religious divides.
		As a Labour city councillor for Granby Ward from 1963, she demonstrated both the depth of her local knowledge and her impatience with many of the structures of local government.
	politics.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4981075-108996,00.html (842 words)

	Summer Riots 2001 - Review - The big excuse.
		The recent riots in Burnley and Oldham has highlighted the growing tensions between racial groups...
		Toxteth Riots in Liverpool were the first ones I can truly remember.
		Hoards of rioting youths causing violence and criminal damage.
	www.dooyoo.co.uk /discussion/summer-riots-2001/286869 (498 words)

	Sheffield Forum Archive - The 1981 riots
		10 July New riots in Brixton are accompanied by a wave of disturbances the length and breadth of Britain.
		This is hardly on par with the appalling Toxteth riots, in which not only petrol bombs and rocks but acid bombs were used against Police and Firemen.
		The lethal cocktail of variables; terrible levels of unemployment and poverty especially amongst the ethnic minority communities, dreadful police-community relations, racial tensions etc are said by 'analysts' of the left/liberal persuasion to have 'caused' the riots.
	www.sheffieldforum.co.uk /showthread/t-72210.html (666 words)

	TaTeLiverpool - Kwiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		In the summer of 1981 Toxteth riots played a part in making a Liverpool outstation feasible, for they shook the government and secured the Merseyside Development Corporations sense of purpose.
		These riots had not been the result of unemployment in Liverpool, though this was clearly a factor, but of an ultimate collapse in relations between the police and mainly fl residents of Toxteth, who were sick of what seemed to be officially tolerated harassment.
		A chain of events was set in motion which began with the appointment of Michael Helestine, secretary of state for the Environment, as Minister for Merseyside, with the instruction to offer a 'package' to help the city.
	www.scotoma.org /notes/index.cgi?TaTeLiverpool (309 words)

	Toxteth series new contemporaries Art Games
		Working in the dereliction and urban decay of 70's Toxteth Liverpool was far more relevant for me than working within the hallowed walls of the Art College.
		Yet overall, the area was strangely homogenous and unknowingly gravitating towards the infamous Toxteth Riots of 1981.
		Unwilling to bring my work back to the studio and expecting others to respect this ethos I simply left notes and directions as to where I and the work could be found (of course, very few people responded).
	www.terryduffy.info /1970s/Toxteth/Toxteth_pics.htm (275 words)

	Racism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		There were further riots by immigrant and minority populations in East London duringthe 1930s, Notting Hill in the 1950s, and Brixton, Toxteth and Blackbird Leys,Oxford in the 1980s.
		These riots have followed cases of perceived racism - either the publicdisplays of racist sentiment (including crimes aganst members of ethnic minorities which were subsequently ignored by theauthorities), or, as in the Brixton and Toxteth riots, racialprofiling and alleged harassment by the police force.
		Racism in one form or another was widespread in Britain before the twentieth century, and during the 1900s particularly towardsJewish groups and immigrants from Eastern Europe.
	www.therfcc.org /racism-2757.html (3671 words)

	Guardian \| The soldiers' tale
		He was a Scouser who had just returned from home leave during the Toxteth riots, which the soldier confessed he had taken part in.
		He admitted that he first learned his rioting skills (put to use in Liverpool during the summer of 1981) engaging with young West Belfast republicans.
		His story is set on a corrupt army base in Mannheim where there are constant race riots and the troops spend more time in the brothel than on the firing range.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4833627-103588,00.html (866 words)

	The Anglo Saxon Chronicle: Toxteth riots remembered
		Twenty years ago violence erupted on the streets of Toxteth, Liverpool.
		It was widely argued that like the current problems in Paris, that the riots in Liverpool happened because of chronic unemployment, racism, bad housing and poor education in an area with a large population of fl and mixed-race residents.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	saxontimes.blogspot.com /2005/11/toxteth-riots-remembered.html (191 words)

	BBC - South Yorkshire - Local History - Black History Month: Local stories
		From green bananas and hard dough bread, to the aftermath of the Toxteth riots...
		The tales range from the nostalgic to the dramatic - from living through the violence of early 80s riots, to discovering your racial identity as a teenager in 2003.
		He grew up in Liverpool at the time of the Toxteth riots.
	www.bbc.co.uk /southyorkshire/i_love_sy/localhistory/black_history/index.shtml (625 words)

	Alex Cox - WEBSITE
		This twinning, and street-building, happened in the aftermath of the Toxteth riots, and the Nicaraguan revolution.
		Those riots weren't race riots (as the media claimed, and still claim), but anti-police riots, a social rebellion by a mixed community, which people from all over the city flocked to join.
		The riots shook up the British establishment like the Nicaraguan revolution shook up the CIA, the State Department, and the White House.
	www.alexcox.com /ed_current.htm (1640 words)

	Daily Mirror puts the sly boot into Liverpool
		The same territory which led the BBC to run a documentary showing the Toxteth riots, when the documentary was about Wayne Rooney who was born and lived in Croxteth.
		Wayne was not even born when it all kicked off in Toxteth and other areas.
		The words rhyme, there both Liverpool, Wayne Rooney was destined to be born, so the lads obviously the type who would have been rioting if he had been there.
	www.kirkbytimes.co.uk /news_items/2004_news/daily_mirror_slurs.html (1568 words)

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