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Topic: Tracheoesophageal fistula

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Fistula

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	Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection in one or more places between the esophagus (the tube that leads from the throat to the stomach) and the trachea (the tube that leads from the throat to the windpipe and lungs).
		Tracheoesophageal fistula is also known as TE fistula or simply TEF.
		TE fistula is a birth defect, which is an abnormality that occurs as a fetus is forming in its' mother's uterus.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-8604 (919 words)

	What is TEF?
		The fistula is a connection between the esophagus and trachea, which, depending on its position, either lets food or acidic stomach juices into the lungs.
		In type E (or H-type tracheoesophageal fistula without atresia) the fistula may occur anywhere between the level of the cricoid cartilage* and the mid-esophagus.
		A newborn with tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia appears to swallow normally, but soon after swallowing coughs, struggles, becomes cyanotic (skin turns blue in color), and stops breathing since he is inhaling aspirating) fluid returning from the blind pouch of the esophagus through his nose and mouth.
	www.tefvater.org /html/TEF~1.HTM (818 words)

	eMedicine - Tracheoesophageal Fistula : Article by Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP, DABSM
		Classification of Congenital Tracheoesophageal Fistulas and Esophageal Atresia
		Vijayaraghavan SB: Antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.
		Woolley MM: Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: 1939 to 1979.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3416.htm (4061 words)

	Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series - Procedure, part 1
		Although the surgical procedure varies depending on the location and type of fistula, in general, an incision is made in the right chest.
		The section of esophagus that contains the fistula is resected.
		The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition.
	www.stv.org /adam/encyclopedia/presentations/100103_3.htm (115 words)

	Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine: Tracheoesophageal fistula
		Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) is commonly a birth defect, with the trachea connected to the esophagus.
		In 85-90% of tracheoesophageal fistulas, the top part of the esophagus ends in a blind sac, and the lower part inserts into the trachea.
		Babies with all but H type fistulas are unlikely to survive without surgical separation and repair of the trachea and the esophagus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0013/ai_2601001379 (659 words)

	CHEST: Diagnosis of tracheoesophageal fistula by analysis of gastric air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tracheoesophageal fistula usually is demonstrated by radiologic contrast study or by direct endoscopic visualization.[1-3] However, these studies may be cumbersome in unstable patients who are intubated for positive pressure ventilation.
		To support the suspicion of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula, specimens of gas from the ventilator, the patient's stomach (via gastrostomy tube), and the room air adjacent to the patient's mouth were obtained simultaneously and analyzed for [O.sub.2] and [CO.sub.2].
		Recurrent tracheoesophageal fistula was confirmed by esophagoscopy, at the time of which the tracheostomy cuff was visualized protruding into the esophagus 2 to 3 cm below the upper esophageal sphincter.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n2_v104/ai_13275395 (1260 words)

	fistula on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most common sites of fistula are the rectum and the urinary organs, but almost any part of the body may be affected.
		Rectal fistulas are often associated with colitis, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases, and other disorders.
		In horses an abscess on the withers from chafing and infection is termed a fistula.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/f1/fistula.asp (403 words)

	Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula
		Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia are common birth defects.
		Three of these are: stenosis -- a narrowing of a tube; fistula -- an atypical connection between two parts; and atresia -- a failure of a part of the system to develop.
		The surgeon repairs the fistula by removing the atypical connection between the esophagus and trachea.
	www.dbpeds.org /articles/detail.cfm?TextID=104 (382 words)

	eatef.org :: Description
		Second, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF): The trachea (or windpipe) is the passageway through which the air we breath travels to the lungs.
		In TEF, there is a connection between the trachea and the esophagus, so that potentially either air can pass from the airway into the stomach, or food can pass from the esophagus into the lungs.
		However, fistula is present between the esophagus and the trachea.
	www.eatef.org /description.html (248 words)

	From the Grand Rounds Archive at Baylor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The fistula was then stented with a silastic device that maintained the patency of the fistula, shunted air from the lungs to the hypopharynx for sound creation, and prevented aspiration with a one-way valve.
		Tracheoesophageal speech is produced when the force of expired air entering the esophagus from the trachea causes the pharyngoesophageal membranes to vibrate.
		Attempts to place a speech prosthesis were unsuccessful due to deviation of the tract with misalignment of the fistula, and the fistula was allowed to close.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/9791.html (2122 words)

	Oesophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula
		When there is a fistula producing fixation of esophagus to trachea, the dorsal wall of the esophagus is drawn forward and downward to be incorporated into the trachea.
		Esophageal atresia, as illustrated in A, is associated with tracheoesophageal fistula in more than 85% of cases.
		Isolated tracheoesophageal fistula is more difficult to diagnose and may require repeated lateral esophagrams, bronchoscopy and esophagoscopy.
	www.e-radiography.net /radpath/o/oatresia.htm (287 words)

	Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fistula: abnormal passage from a body organ to the body surface or between two internal body organs.
		Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) represents an abnormal opening between the trachea and esophagus.
		The presence of EA is suspected in an infant with excessive salivation (drooling) and in a newborn with drooling that is frequently accompanied by choking, coughing and sneezing.
	www.pedisurg.com /PtEduc/TEF-Esophageal_Atresia.htm (487 words)

	eMedicine - Esophageal Atresia/Tracheoesophageal Fistula : Article by Keith Kronemer, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Fistula recurrence between the esophagus and trachea is observed in 3-14% of patients treated for EA and/or TEF or H-type TEF.
		Oblique barium esophagogram demonstrates a fistula (arrow) arising from the anterior esophagus and extending anterosuperiorly to the trachea.
		Kao SC, Smith WL, Sato Y: Ultrafast CT of laryngeal and tracheobronchial obstruction in symptomatic postoperative infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic704.htm (7418 words)

	Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract -- Berrocal et al. 19 (4): 855 -- RadioGraphics
		Esophagogram shows a fistula (arrow) arising from the anterior portion of the esophagus (e) and passing cephalad to the posterior portion of the trachea (t).
		fistula and are considered a variant of esophageal atresia (11–13).
		A complex of anomalies associated with tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/19/4/855 (6997 words)

	Double Tracheo-esophageal Fistula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tracheoesophageal fistula: diagnosis with CT. Pediatr Radiol 1985;15(2):134-5 PMID:3975107
		Antenatal diagnosis of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.
		Goh DW, Brereton RJ, Spitz L. Esophageal atresia with obstructed tracheoesophageal fistula and gasless abdomen.
	home.earthlink.net /~radiologist/tf/111802.htm (277 words)

	Pediatric Radiology Section - Case of the Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The distention of this proximal segment is causing anterior displacement of the trachea.
		There is air within the gastrointestinal tract, indicating that there is also a distal tracheoesophageal fistula (between the trachea and distal esophageal segment.) Insertion of a feeding tube results in looping of the tube in the proximal pouch.
		Esophageal atresia with a proximal TE fistula, or with both proximal and distal fistulas, is very rare.
	www.radiology.vcu.edu /04-14-05.htm (314 words)

	Teaching File Case28: Newborn with Choking & Cyanosis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The esophagram demonstrates a fistula between the proximal esophagus and trachea.
		Failure of differentiation, ridge formation and elongation of the primitve foregut results in various combinations of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula.
		Contrast studies are not necessary unless an H-type fistula, as in this case, is suspected.
	www.uab.edu /pedradpath/case28.html (269 words)

	Digestive Tract Defects: Birth Defects: Merck Manual Home Edition
		Many children with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula have other abnormalities, such as heart defects.
		A tracheoesophageal fistula is an abnormal connection between the esophagus and the trachea (which leads to the lungs).
		Most infants with anal atresia develop some type of abnormal connection (fistula) between the anus and either the urethra, the area between the urethra and anus (the perineum), the vagina, or the bladder.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec23/ch265/ch265e.html (1400 words)

	Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula: Surgical Experience Over Two Decades -- Tsai et al. 64 (3): 778 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Congenital atresia of the esophagus with tracheoesophageal fistula: extrapleural ligation of fistula and end-to-end anastomosis of esophageal segments.
		Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: a survey of its members by the surgical section of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
		Suture fistula as a means of connecting upper and lower segments in esophageal atresia.
	ats.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/3/778 (3574 words)

	Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula - Synonyms of Augusta, Georgia
		It is possible that the main title of the report Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula is not the name you expected.
		Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula are disorders of the esophagus that may be inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic trait, or may result from developmental problems in a fetus.
		This disorder is commonly associated with Tracheoesophageal Fistula which is an abnormal tubelike passage between the windpipe and esophagus.
	www.universityhealth.org /13808.cfm (512 words)

	Tracheoesophageal Fistula from a Gunshot Wound to the Neck -- Kanne et al. 180 (1): 212 -- American Journal of ...
		Tracheoesophageal Fistula from a Gunshot Wound to the Neck -- Kanne et al.
		—40-year-old woman with tracheoesophageal fistula resulting from gunshot wound to neck.
		Single-contrast esophagogram obtained on postoperative day 5 shows that contrast material is leaking into bronchi and is outlining distal trachea.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/figsonly/180/1/212 (151 words)

	► Tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia repair
		Surgery to repair two congenital defects of the airway and the digestive tract, which usually occur together, but may occur separately (tracheoesophageal fistula, and esophageal atresia).
		In TEF patients, early in fetal development, the airway and upper portion of the digestive tract fail to develop normally.
		Finally, certain types of TE fistula in otherwise healthy infants are simpler to repair after a period of time has passed to allow the baby to grow.
	www.umm.edu /ency/article/002934.htm (435 words)

	Tracheoesophageal fistula repair - series (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In many cases, infants are very ill, and therefore require a staged procedure.
		This involves placing a tube in the stomach (gastrostomy tube), in order to decompress the stomach and prevent fluid in the stomach from flowing up the esophagus, through the fistula and into the lungs.
		The infant is then cared for in an intensive care unit until he or she is well enough to undergo resection of the fistula and a definitive repair of the esophagus.
	www.shands.org /health/presentations/100103_4.htm (160 words)

	Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A fistula is a connection between 2 tubes.
		But when a child has a tracheoesophageal fistula (say "tray-key-oh-ee-sof-ah-gee-all fist-you-lah"), the fistula connects the 2 tubes.
		Then, if a fistula is connecting the esophagus to the trachea, it must be closed.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/345.html (708 words)

	ENLmedical.com: Conditions And Concerns: Medical Encyclopedia: Esophageal atresia
		This connection or hole between the lower esophagus and the trachea is called an tracheoesophageal fistula.
		Esophageal atresia and TE fistula occur in approximately 2 or 3 infants per 10,000 births.
		The cause of this birth defect is unknown; therefore prevention is unknown.
	www.enlmedical.com /article/000961.htm (415 words)

	Digestive and Liver Disorders - Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Digestive and Liver Disorders - Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia
		At about four to eight weeks after conception, a wall forms between the fetus' esophagus and trachea to separate them into two distinct tubes.
		If your baby has TE fistula or esophageal atresia, he/she will need surgery to fix the problem.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /healthinfo/pediatric/digest/tracheo.htm (911 words)

	Virtual Children's Hospital: Paediapaedia: Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistual (EA / TEF) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The fistula can be to the proximal esophagus, proximal and distal esophagus, or distal esophagus.
		Tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia (H type tracheoesophageal fistula).
		The most common type is esophageal atresia with a distal tracheoesophageal fistula.
	www.vh.org /pediatric/provider/radiology/PAP/GIDiseases/EATEF.html (355 words)

	Medscape Discussion Boards - cervical vertebral fracture and tracheoesophageal fistula
		A year ago, I was approached by the parents of a 20-year old boy who had the comminutive fracture of 5th cervical vertebra resulting in quadriplegia and who was on assisted ventilation through an endotracheal tube for too long.
		However, the boy was left with tracheostomy and a tracheal cannula which eventually caused a decubitus in the posterior wall of the trachea, resulting in tracheoesophageal fistula.
		An esophageal stent was placed in order to help close the fistula.
	boards.medscape.com /forums?8@16.Ozi0apyoeHo.0@.eea066d (291 words)

	Homo sapiens diseases - Gastro-intestinal apparatus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		tracheoesophageal fistula : a fistula between the trachea and the esophagus
		aortoesophageal fistula is a rare and lethal disorder
		gastrocolic fistula : a fistula connecting the stomach and the colon.
	focosi.altervista.org /pathohomotissuegastro.html (7241 words)

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