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	From the Grand Rounds Archive at Baylor
		Tracheotomy was known as the 'scandal of surgery' and a 'semislaughter' throughout much of the middle ages.
		The complications of tracheotomy may be categorized by the interval from the procedure to the onset of the complication.
		Obstruction of the tracheotomy tube is a common postoperative complication occurring in both adults and in the pediatric population.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/12194.html (3393 words)

	Pediatric Tracheotomy
		The first tracheotomy was performed in Rome in second century B.C. Antyllus, in second century A.D., further refined the technique by suggesting that the trachea be divided at the third and fourth tracheal rings using a transverse incision.
		If a child is speaking prior to tracheotomy, he or she is at risk for significant expressive delay and the assistance of a speech therapist is essential.
		Decannulation of a patient with a tracheotomy is primarily dependent on the original indication for the procedure.
	www.otohns.net /?id=14068 (3684 words)

	Tracheotomy \| aHealthyAdvantage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tracheotomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the windpipe or trachea.
		A tracheotomy is a surgical procedure in which a cut or opening is made in the windpipe (trachea).
		A tracheotomy is performed if enough air is not getting to the lungs, if the person cannot breathe without help, or is having problems with mucus and other secretions getting into the windpipe because of difficulty swallowing.
	www.ahealthyadvantage.com /topic/topic100587585 (1514 words)

	U.S. Chief Justice Rehnquist Hospitalized With Thyroid Cancer: Tracheotomy Raises Possibility That Cancer is Advanced ...
		Tracheotomy, however, is performed only when the disease is progressing rapidly and the airway is obstructed, or the thyroid tumor has invaded the trachea -- usually the case in only metastatic or advanced, undifferentiated thyroid cancer that cannot be removed surgically.
		Tracheotomy is a palliative treatment performed to ease breathing and improve the quality of life, not as treatment for the thyroid cancer itself.
		Given the unusual procedure of the tracheotomy and its association with advanced or inoperable thyroid cancer, it's possible that the Supreme Court and the Chief Justice himself may be downplaying the seriousness of the cancer, and overestimating Rehnquist's fitness to preside over Court activities.
	www.thyroid-info.com /articles/rehnquist.htm (1004 words)

	From the Grand Rounds Archive at Baylor
		The term tracheostomy is derived from the Greek "to furnish with an opening." In contrast, a tracheotomy is derived from the Greek meaning, "to cut." A tracheotomy refers to the actual surgical procedure and the act of cutting the trachea, while a tracheostomy refers to the actual hole or the tube placed in it.
		Jackson's teachings were largely responsible for decreasing the mortality from tracheotomy from 25% to 1%-2% and reducing the incidence of laryngeal stenosis, especially in children.
		They found an increase in tracheotomies in the later half of the study and fifty percent of their patients were between the ages of one and five.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/121699.html (5175 words)

	Common Ear, Nose and Throat Problems
		A tracheotomy is a temporary or permanent treatment for a variety of causes of BREATHING DIFFICULTIES in which the creation of a new breathing pathway is required, by-passing the nose, mouth, and throat.
		A tracheotomy is usually considered when an endotracheal (ET) tube (a tube that goes in the throat through the mouth) either will not be effective (in some emergency situations for example), or would be required for a long time.
		Sometimes, a tracheotomy is performed when an ET tube cannot be placed due to narrowing of the windpipe or blockage of the voice box (larynx).
	www.pediatric-ent.com /learning/surgeries/tracheotomy.htm (1053 words)

	Critical Care \| Full text \| Immediate post-operative effects of tracheotomy on respiratory function during mechanical ...
		Tracheotomy is also indicated for bypassing obstructed upper airways, tracheal toilette and removal of retained bronchial secretions [1,2,4].
		Tracheotomy is widely performed in the intensive care unit, more frequently today than a few years ago [2,4], but little is known about its influence on respiratory mechanics immediately after the procedure, which results in an improvement of respiratory function and the facilitation of weaning from mechanical ventilation [3,4,9,15].
		Most previous studies have shown that the beneficial effect of tracheotomy is related to the decrease in airway resistance and work of breathing under spontaneous or assisted mode of intratracheal ventilation [6-8,12,16].
	ccforum.com /content/8/4/R243 (2937 words)

	What is a Tracheostomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Tracheotomy is a surgical procedure that is usually done in the operating room under general anesthesia.
		A tracheotomy is an incision into the trachea (windpipe) that forms a temporary or permanent opening which is called a tracheostomy.
		After a tracheotomy procedure, the child usually stays in the hospital for about five days, unless there is a complicating condition.
	www.tracheostomy.com /what.htm (192 words)

	Tracheotomy
		A Tracheotomy is one of the oldest, most shunned, and least understood procedures for Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
		The tracheotomy tube must be kept exquisitely clean; otherwise, painful infections of the stoma will occur, or the tube and/or windpipe could become blocked with secretions.
		Obviously, the likelihood of being able to safely remove the tracheotomy tube because of OSA resolution is dependent on multiple factors including: patient motivation/ interest, anatomical and physiological constraints, disease severity and level of physician expertise in dealing with OSA and its surgical management.
	www.osasurgery.com /trache.htm (458 words)

	CNS STORY: Pope spends calm night, breathes on own after tracheotomy
		Many doctors consider a tracheotomy -- an operation in which a hole is cut in the throat and a tube is inserted to assist breathing -- a fairly routine operation.
		But church officials privately expressed deep concern that the operation was needed and that the 84-year-old pontiff had suffered a relapse of the throat spasms that led to his hospitalization for 10 days at the beginning of February.
		The tracheotomy means a longer recovery period for the pope, and at least for the short-term compromises his ability to speak.
	www.catholicnews.com /data/stories/cns/0501135.htm (953 words)

	What Is a Tracheotomy?
		The tracheotomy is a procedure in which an incision is made into the windpipe, or trachea, through the front of a person’s neck.
		Usually a tracheotomy tube, known as a cannula, is inserted into the opening in the trachea, but in emergency situations, a surgeon may improvise.
		Although there are medical instruments specifically designed for tracheotomies, an emergency tracheotomy can be performed with a razor blade and a ballpoint pen with the ink cartridge removed.
	www.entlink.net /museum/exhibits/trach_what_is.cfm (317 words)

	The Early History of the Tracheotomy
		The earliest known depiction of a tracheotomy is found on Egyptian tablets dating back to circa 3600 B.C., during the First Dynasty.
		To the untrained eye, the pictures may appear to be of a ritual execution, but the angle of the knife and the relative positions of the knife-wielder and patient indicate a surgical procedure instead.
		He never performed a tracheotomy, but he did treat a slave girl who had cut her own throat in a suicide attempt.
	www.entlink.net /museum/exhibits/Early-History.cfm (528 words)

	ABC News: Pope Has Tracheotomy, Now on Respirator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The pontiff was conscious in his hospital room after the tracheotomy, breathing with the help of a respirator, the Italian news agency ANSA reported.
		Vatican spokesman Joaquin Navarro-Valls said the tracheotomy lasted 30 minutes and that the outcome was "positive." The pope had approved the procedure, which the Vatican characterized as elective underscoring that it was not done as an emergency measure.
		But the tracheotomy may require a longer hospital stay and have serious consequences for the pope's abilities to carry out his duties since he will not be able to speak, at least initially, while the breathing tube is in his throat.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=529466 (447 words)

	Introduction to Tracheotomy
		The tracheotomy — a medical procedure in which a tube is inserted through an incision in the windpipe to create an airway — has been performed by physicians for over five thousand years.
		The tracheotomy began as an emergency procedure, used to create an open airway for someone struggling for air.
		For most of its history, the tracheotomy was performed only as a last resort and mortality rates were very high.
	www.entlink.net /museum/exhibits/trach_intro.cfm (244 words)

	Adult Health Advisor 2005.2: Tracheotomy
		The terms tracheotomy, tracheostomy, and trach may be used to refer to both the surgical procedure and to the opening created by the procedure.
		A tracheotomy is usually done in an operating room or in an intensive care unit.
		If you still have the tracheotomy when you go home from the hospital, you or your family will be taught how to care for the tracheotomy.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/aha/aha_tracheos_crs.htm (624 words)

	Tracheotomy Care
		Rotate the catheter between your dominant "sterile" thumb and forefinger, gradually withdrawing the catheter.
		As you withdraw the catheter from the tracheotomy tube, apply intermittent suction by moving your non-dominant "dirty" thumb up and down on the suction port.
		Cleaning the inner cannula - The inner, removable tube of the tracheotomy tube is the inner cannula.
	calder.med.miami.edu /pointis/traccare.html (729 words)

	Changes in the Work of Breathing Induced by Tracheotomy in Ventilator-dependent Patients -- DIEHL et al. 159 (2): 383 ...
		Tracheotomy is commonly performed on mechanically ventilated patients with prolonged difficulties in weaning from the ventilator.
		It is also possible that tracheotomy facilitated and improved the efficacy of endotracheal suctioning (2).
		The effect of tracheotomy on the duration of mechanical ventilation is unknown.
	www.ajrccm.org /cgi/content/full/159/2/383 (3779 words)

	Effects of tracheotomy on respiratory mechanics in spontaneously breathing patients -- Moscovici da Cruz et al. 20 (1): ...
		Effects of tracheotomy on respiratory mechanics in spontaneously breathing patients -- Moscovici da Cruz et al.
		Tracheotomy is a method of intubating the trachea, which is
		tracheotomy was performed for surgical treatment of cancer.
	erj.ersjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/20/1/112 (276 words)

	CNN.com - Doctors perform tracheotomy on pope - Feb 24, 2005
		A tracheotomy is a routine operation that typically requires general anesthesia, but can be a risky procedure for elderly patients in fragile health, as the pope is.
		A tracheotomy is typically not the first line of therapy in this type of situation, Gupta said.
		After the tracheotomy, he is likely to be put on a ventilator and probably won't be able to speak for some time, Gupta said.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/europe/02/24/pope (775 words)

	How Does a Tracheotomy Work? - Will Rehnquist be able to talk next week? By Brendan I. Koerner
		The Supreme Court announced today that Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist underwent a tracheotomy on Saturday as part of his treatment for thyroid cancer.
		Though a tracheotomy is a routine, relatively low-risk procedure that can take as little as 15 minutes to perform, there's no telling how quickly Rehnquist will recover.
		(In thyroid cancer patients like Rehnquist, a tracheotomy is usually performed either as a prelude to surgery or because the illness has complicated breathing.) After that, he can start working on speech, perhaps with the aid of a speech therapist.
	slate.com /id/2108647 (471 words)

	tracheotomy on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Impact of tracheotomy on colonization and infection of lower airways in children requiring long-term ventilation: a prospective observational cohort study.
		Oximetry and indications for tracheotomy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *.(clinical investigations)
		Incidence and type of aspiration in acute care patients requiring mechanical ventilation via a new tracheotomy *.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/t1/tracheot.asp (462 words)

	The Role of Tracheotomy in Weaning -- Heffner 120 (6 Supplement): 477 -- Chest
		The impact of tracheotomy on the duration of mechanical ventilation
		tracheotomy, and in 62% of patients undergoing late tracheotomy.
		Boyd, SW, Benzel, EC (1992) The role of early tracheotomy in the management of the neurosurgical patient.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/120/6_suppl/477S (3099 words)

	Pope undergoes tracheotomy - The Washington Times: World - February 25, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Vatican spokesman Joaquin Navarro-Valls described the outcome of the surgery as "positive." The pope, he said, had approved the operation, underscoring that the procedure was elective and not done as an emergency measure.
		Surgeons at Rome's Gemelli hospital performed a tracheotomy on the frail, 84-year-old pontiff, creating an small opening in the throat to allow air to pass directly to the lungs.
		Complete healing from a tracheotomy can be expected in healthy patients within about two weeks, but a number of complications are possible, including infection, excessive bleeding, irregular heartbeat and damage to the vocal cords or esophagus.
	www.washtimes.com /world/20050224-113843-5827r.htm (553 words)

	ABC News: Pope Has Tracheotomy to Help Breathing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		VATICAN CITY Feb 24, 2005 — Pope John Paul II underwent a 30-minute operation to insert a tube in his throat to relieve his breathing problems, hours after he was rushed back to the hospital Thursday for the second time in a month with flu-like symptoms of fever and congestion.
		Vatican spokesman Joaquin Navarro-Valls said the tracheotomy was a success and that the pope had approved the procedure.
		But the tracheotomy may require a longer hospital stay and have serious consequences for the pope's abilities to carry out his duties since he will not be able to speak while the breathing tube is in his throat.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=528965 (453 words)

	Predisposing Factors for Nosocomial Pneumonia in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation and Requiring Tracheotomy -- ...
		Tracheotomy was performed in 77 patients (57.0%) for chronic
		Tracheotomy was performed in the ICU on 75 patients (55.5%) and
		tracheotomy increases the duration of MV and the mortality rate.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/118/3/767 (3483 words)

	Pope's tracheotomy furthers doubts on his ability to lead
		VATICAN CITY -- Pope John Paul II underwent a successful operation Thursday night to insert a tube into his throat to relieve breathing problems, hours after he was rushed to the hospital for the second time in a month with flu-like symptoms of fever and congestion, the Vatican said.
		But the hospitalization of the 84-year-old pontiff, two weeks after he was released from the hospital for similar symptoms, called into question his ability to continue his 26-year reign as leader of the world's Catholics.
		The surgery, called a tracheotomy, may require a long hospital stay and have serious consequences for the pope's abilities to carry out his duties because he won't be able to speak, at least initially, with the tube in his throat.
	www.freep.com /news/religion/pope25e_20050225.htm (913 words)

	CNN.com - Pope breathing on his own - Feb 25, 2005
		Catholics and other well-wishers around the world lit candles and prayed for the pontiff after he underwent a tracheotomy Thursday at Rome's Gemelli Polyclinic Hospital to relieve respiratory problems caused by a relapse of the flu.
		Navarro-Valls said the tracheotomy was elective and not emergency surgery.
		A tracheotomy is a routine operation that typically requires general anesthesia, but it can be risky for elderly patients in fragile health, as the pope is.
	www.cnn.com /2005/WORLD/europe/02/25/pope/index.html (1077 words)

	ABC News: Pope Told Not to Speak After Tracheotomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Each detail of his condition was shadowed by uncertainty, including how long the tracheotomy device would remain and if the pope would regain full command of his voice.
		Surgeons cut a small breathing hole in the pope's throat to bypass suspected obstructions and insert the tube.
		The most common uses for a tracheotomy are to ensure that better quality air reaches the lungs and as a device for removing mucus, which can foster bacteria.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=532115 (410 words)

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