
	Where results make sense

Topic: Trade agreements

Related Topics

North American Free Trade Agreement

	WTO \| legal texts - the WTO agreements
		Most of the WTO agreements are the result of the 1986—94 Uruguay Round negotiations, signed at the Marrakesh ministerial meeting in April 1994.
		Foremost is the Agreement Establishing the WTO (or the WTO Agreement), which serves as an umbrella agreement.
		Annexed are the agreements on goods, services and intellectual property, dispute settlement, trade policy review mechanism and the plurilateral agreements.
	www.wto.org /english/docs_e/legal_e/legal_e.htm (1160 words)

	International trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		International trade is also a branch of economics, which, together with international finance, forms the larger branch of international economics.
		Traditionally trade was regulated through bilateral treaties between two nations.
		The regulation of international trade is done through the World Trade Organization at the global level, and through several other regional arrangements such as MERCOSUR in South America, NAFTA between the United States, Canada and Mexico, and the European Union between 25 independent states.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/International_trade (576 words)

	The Pros and Cons of Pursuing Free-Trade Agreements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Trade can benefit countries' economies in a number of other ways as well, such as by expanding the variety of goods available to businesses and consumers, by increasing competition and thereby reducing the extent of monopolistic pricing and the inefficiency that results from it, and possibly by pushing up the rate of productivity growth.
		Some people believe that trade agreements are beneficial to the extent that they increase exports and harmful to the extent that they increase imports and thus that the benefit or harm of an agreement can be determined from its effect on the trade balance.
		Trade diversion is less likely to be beneficial to the importing country (in this case, the United States) in the aggregate, although some sectors are still likely to gain from it, because it results in the import's being obtained at a higher cost to the economy.
	www.cbo.gov /showdoc.cfm?index=4458&sequence=0 (3984 words)

	Chile and Singapore Free Trade Agreements Are Wrong Models for the Environment
		Further, the agreements do not include robust provisions to promote environmental improvement in all three countries, and they fail to meet the standards set in the environmental provisions of previous trade initiatives, including the U.S.-Jordan free trade agreement.
		Notably, the agreements fail to place environmental requirements on a par with commercial issues, as was the case in the Jordan free trade agreement.
		Trade agreements should be accompanied by a systematic multilateral program with specific goals, timetables, and funding to assess and improve international environmental performance.
	www.ciel.org /Tae/Chile_Singapore_10Jul03.html (998 words)

	InBrief 6A: Comparing EU free trade agreements: Agriculture.
		Unlike the MED agreements, the agreements with South Africa, Mexico and Chile are characterised by the assumption of a general liberalisation within a predetermined period of time.
		The latest free trade agreement concluded by the EU to date is the one signed with Chile in November 2002.
		Comparing EU free trade agreements is aimed at trade negotiators, policy makers, officials and experts in gathering a better technical insight into the evolution of EU trade agreements and the approaches adopted by the EU in negotiating these agreements.
	www.ecdpm.org /Web_ECDPM/Web/Content/Content.nsf/0/48615568FCD0BF83C1256F07002C6BA3?OpenDocument (6020 words)

	Global Trade Agreements
		Past "free trade" agreements like NAFTA have bankrupted farmers, resulted in the loss of millions of jobs, made life-saving medicines unaffordable for people in poor countries, and lowered health, safety and environmental standards.
		Ultimately, the bilateral free trade agreements made by our governments aggregate even more power in the hands of already powerful and destructive transnational corporations, and lead to serious declines in the welfare of citizens.
		These trade agreements — between the US and Panama, Peru, Colombia and South Korea — are strongly opposed by religious, labor, political and Indigenous community groups in those countries.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/globaltrade (395 words)

	Free Trade Agreements and Customs Unions, by Douglas A. Irwin: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: Library of ...
		Consequently, free trade agreements between countries or regions are a useful strategy for liberalizing world trade.
		Recalcitrant countries excluded from bilateral agreements, and hence not sharing in the increased trade they bring, may then be induced to join and reduce their own barriers to trade.
		Another concern is that greater reliance on a bilateral or regional approach to trade liberalization may undermine and supplant, instead of support and complement, the multilateral GATT approach.
	www.econlib.org /library/Enc/FreeTradeAgreementsandCustomsUnions.html (1782 words)

	Free-Trade Agreements Only Go Half Way (washingtonpost.com)
		Trade alone, they acknowledge, is but a tool for an overall solution to eradicate persistent poverty.
		Indeed, protest leaders are so focused on the trade agreements that they have little time and energy to pressure the powers that be to do more than say the right thing.
		To their credit, U.S. trade negotiators learned from the NAFTA experience and thus held parallel conversations during CAFTA negotiations (and are doing it now with the Andean countries) to discuss the sorts of things countries in the region will need to make the transition less painful.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/articles/A63616-2005Mar24.html (828 words)

	Truth About Trade & Technology - Regional Trade Agreements Are Discriminatory, And That’s Good (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While it is easy to simply dismiss his comments as trying to shut down the competition in the “business” of trade agreements, the proliferation of these agreements requires some thought about their benefits.
		While supporters of free trade would like to have all countries and all products move rapidly to free trade, the reality is that has not happened and is not likely to happen in the near term.
		Trade agreements that are voluntary and move toward freer trade do not lend themselves to coercive actions to control other countries.
	www.truthabouttrade.org /article.asp?id=3190 (1202 words)

	Testimony: Free Trade Agreements: The Cost of US Nonparticipation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Discussions on a reciprocal trade agreement with the Caribbean countries are expected to begin within a few years, while similar initiatives with the Andean Community and the Central American countries are only in the planning stage.
		Trade rules developed in such pacts may both increase transactions costs and establish precedents that differ from US practices and proposals that the signatory countries may seek to extend to other regional and WTO accords.
		Approving new "trade promotion" authority, hopefully later this year, is the best way Congress can respond to the problems facing US companies in world markets and the best way to reassert US leadership in the world trading system.
	www.iie.com /publications/papers/schott0401.htm (2872 words)

	IGTN: Trade Agreements
		The International Gender and Trade Network defines itself as a technical resource and political catalyst to address trade issues that are of critical importance to the social and economic empowerment of women and men with special attention to the work of social reproduction for which women worldwide are primarily responsible.
		Social reproduction, or the care economy, is disregarded in trade policy and trade negotiations, but it is the foundation of all productive activity, or the cash economy.
		To oppose regional and bilateral trade agreements that weaken the human, social, political, and economic rights and development of women and men.
	www.igtn.org /page/trade (391 words)

	CIB: Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The agreements in the database have been indexed in a format developed by CIB that is a greatly expanded version of the "standard format" for notification to the WTO.
		The goal is to have the archive contain the texts of all known bilateral and regional trade agreements.
		If you are aware of bilateral or regional trade agreements that are not included in the archive or database please contact us giving as much information on the agreement as possible.
	mba.tuck.dartmouth.edu /cib/research/trade_agreements.html (296 words)

	Dennis Kucinich on Trade
		If the United States is to be free to negotiate fair trade agreements that protect jobs, the rights of workers, and the environment, then there is no alternative but to repeal NAFTA and withdraw from the WTO.
		If the United States is to be free to negotiate fair trade agreements that protect jobs, the rights of workers, and the environment, then there is no alternative but to withdraw from the WTO.
		We must begin from scratch with decent, bilaterally negotiated trade agreements between this country and each other country we trade with, agreements that are based from the start on the needs of people and communities.
	www.kucinich.us /issues/trade.php (565 words)

	SICE - Trade Agreements
		Complementary Agreement on Trade in Agricultural Goods between the Republic of Chile and the Republic of Iceland
		Complementary Agreement on trade in agricultural goods between the Republic of Chile and the Kingdom of Norway
		Complementary Agreement on trade in agricultural goods between the Republic of Chile and the Swiss Confederation
	www.sice.oas.org /tradee.asp (559 words)

	Choike - Free Trade Agreements - FTAs
		It is generally recognized that bilateral agreements, especially between a developing and a developed country, are not the best option and that multilateral negotiations and agreements are preferable as they are less discriminatory and allow a better bargaining position for the developing countries.
		This was reiterated by the EU Trade Commission in its October 2006 strategy paper Global Europe - Competing in the World, which priorities the pursuit of free trade agreements that demand full liberalisation of financial flows, trade with and investment in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region.
		Trade unions in a number of countries have become active in recent years in following their government's negotiation of trade agreements, and in pressuring their government to include provisions safeguarding workers' rights in those agreements.
	www.choike.org /nuevo_eng/informes/2265.html (5386 words)

	Trade Agreements
		The Paris Protocol (PP), concluded in April 1994 and the Washington Agreement signed between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel in September 1995 set the procedures and regulations governing economic relations between the WBGS and Israel for the interim period.
		The Interim Agreement between the EFTA states and the PLO, as well as the four agricultural protocols, are available at the Ministry of Economy and Trade — General Directorate of International Relations.
		Therefore, every lowering in trade barriers towards a trading partner should apply to all trading partners, as all should be treated as the “most favored nation”.
	www.paltrade.org /Paltrade/business/agreement.htm (1980 words)

	Fair Trade
		Trade agreements must be negotiated in an open and public manner.
		The Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) is a regional agreement between the U.S., the Dominican Republic and five Central American Countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.
		Both agreements are based on the failed model of NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), but go beyond that agreement in scope and power.
	www.worc.org /issues/fairtrade.html (522 words)

	Regionalism
		Free trade blocs formed by agreements such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and customs unions such as the European Union (EU) have allowed countries to lower trade barriers among neighbors and political allies, while retaining flexibility over which sectors to liberalize and which issues to negotiate.
		Countries that benefit from regional trade agreements may be reluctant to expose themselves to the risks of opening their markets on a multilateral level if they expect relatively insignificant returns.
		The pared down version of the agreement is due in part to domestic political pressures: because of a strong domestic farm lobby, the US has always refused to negotiate agriculture subsidies outside of the WTO, while Brazil's domestic business interests do not want to deregulate foreign investment or tighten enforcement of intellectual property rights.
	www.cid.harvard.edu /cidtrade/issues/regionalism.html (2063 words)

	Free-Trade Agreements
		Free-trade agreements deviate from the multilateral principle of nondiscrimination, and they can divert trade from more efficient to less efficient but favored import producers.
		If other members of the World Trade Organization become intransigent, the United States must have the option of pursuing agreements with a “coalition of the willing” in pursuit of trade liberalization.
		To maximize the benefits of free-trade agreements, the administration should seek agreements with countries that can provide import competition in our domestic market and export opportunities abroad and that are reform leaders in regions of the world where models of successful reform are most needed.
	www.freetrade.org /pubs/briefs/tbp-018es.html (337 words)

	The Dominion: Divide and Conquer: Bilateral Trade Agreements
		Walden Bello, a long-time trade analyst from the Philippines, argued that the walkout was the result of the developing countries' frustration at the lack of transparency in the negotiations, and more importantly, their ability to translate that frustration into action on a united front.
		The US recently used trade agreements to force Chinese regulatory approval of biotech soybeans, cotton and corn and is attempting to do the same with the European Union through the World Trade Organisation.
		The Free Trade Agreements that are being vigorously negotiated by the US are empowering corporations in a manner that places them at the top of a global hierarchy, matching their economic might with political rights that bypass processes of democratic decision making.
	dominionpaper.ca /features/2004/04/06/divide_and.html (2022 words)

	Health Care, Regional Trade Agreements, and Intellectual Property
		Trade Agreements and Access to Medications Under the Bush Administration.
		Free Trade Agreement Will Put Access to Life-Saving Medicines in Peru and Region at Risk: New Report Warns that US Trade Negotiations are Threatening Access to Medicines Worldwide.
		I am seriously concerned by some of the free trade agreements recently adopted between industrialised countries and developing countries: some of their IP provisions go far beyond their level of development and reduce worryingly their options of making use of the TRIPs flexibilities.
	www.cptech.org /ip/health/trade (1121 words)

	International Trade Agreements and Tobacco Control - Essential Action Fact Sheet
		Under trade agreement rules, technical regulations must not be more trade restrictive than necessary to achieve a public health or other objective.
		What Trade Agreements Do: Service agreements require countries to permit foreign companies to provide services (non-technical definition: a commercially traded thing that you can drop on your foot is a good; the rest are services) on terms that are no different than for domestic firms.
		There is a simple solution to the problems posed by trade agreements to tobacco control: tobacco products should be excluded from their purview.
	www.essentialaction.org /tobacco/trade/factsheet.html (1744 words)

	International Council of Nurses [Fact Sheet - ICN On International Trade Agreements]
		International trade agreements are rules that define commercial transactions between nations; the process of buying and selling between individuals or groups from different countries.
		Examples are the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).
		The services trade is expected to continue to expand faster than trade in goods.
	www.icn.ch /matters_trade.htm (831 words)

	Some Regional Free Trade Agreements - Global Issues
		As a result, of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the proportion of Mexico's food supply that is imported has increased from 20 percent in 1992 to 43 percent in 1996.
		Where trade agreements like this mean that more food is imported (and exported) in the name of trade, without first being allowed to meet the needs of the people, then local farmers are often undersold and driven out of business and national currencies earned do not get to circulate within that society.
		The US-Vietnam trade deal in the summer of 2000, is also about more economic liberalization of capital flows in and out of Vietnam (one of the things the US wanted to achieve in its war with that nation).
	www.globalissues.org /TradeRelated/FreeTrade/Regional.asp (2080 words)

	USATODAY.com - Kerry, Edwards spar on trade agreements, job loss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Long-shot Edwards says he differs from Kerry in two ways: He had a firsthand view of what happened when the textile mill in his hometown closed, and he opposed five trade agreements he says were unfair to U.S. workers.
		Trade has moved to the top of the campaign agenda as a result of manufacturing job losses some blame on the North American Free Trade Agreement and other trade pacts.
		I don't hear Edwards saying he would oppose any trade agreements, just that they ought to be tougher.
	www.usatoday.com /news/politicselections/nation/president/2004-02-19-kerry-edwards-job_x.htm (694 words)

	EPA: U.S. Trade Agreements
		Free trade agreements can be bilateral (between two countries) or multilateral (between several countries).
		The NAFTA includes environmental commitments in its text, and is accompanied by a complementary environmental side agreement – the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC).
		includes an environment chapter within the agreement stating that the parties shall strive to ensure that they do not relax domestic environmental laws to encourage trade, and that the parties shall not fail to effectively enforce their environmental laws.
	www.epa.gov /international/trade/agreements.html (484 words)

	Bilateral Deals are No Threat to Global Trade
		Bilateral agreements not only open markets to US exporters, he says, but also promote reform in less-developed countries, cementing liberal economic policies and reassuring foreign investors that the country is committed to free-market principles.
		The World Trade Organisation's charter allows customs unions or free-trade agreements between members, recognising "the desirability of increasing freedom of trade by the development, through voluntary agreements, of closer integration between the economies of [those] countries".
		Beyond their economic impact, free-trade agreements of the sort the US is pursuing can benefit the parties involved, the global trading system, and the world at large in many ways.
	yaleglobal.yale.edu /display.article?id=2165 (860 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)