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Topic: Trade embargo

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	Embargo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In international commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce and trade with a certain country.
		The embargo is usually used as a political punishment for some previous disagreed policies or acts, but its economical nature frequently leaves space enough for doubts about the real interests that the prohibition gives advantage to.
		Although the law of the United States does not prohibit participation in an embargo, it does prohibit participation in a secondary embargo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trade_embargo (234 words)

	United States embargo against Cuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The United States embargo against Cuba (described in Cuba as el bloqueo, Spanish for "the blockade") is an economic, commercial and financial embargo imposed on Cuba by the United States on February 7, 1962.
		The 1963 U.S. embargo was reinforced in October 1992 by the Cuban Democracy Act (the "Torricelli Law") and in 1996 by the Cuban Liberty and Democracy Solidarity Act (known as the Helms-Burton Act).
		Nevertheless, the embargo had a limited effect on Cuba in its first few decades as the island nation was heavily subsidized by the Soviet Union and the Comecon nations which supplied Cuba with cheap oil, consumer goods, and subsidies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_embargo_against_Cuba (2646 words)

	Encyclopedia: Trade embargo
		politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce and trade with a certain country.
		United States does not prohibit participation in an embargo, it does prohibit participation in a secondary embargo.
		A boycott is a refusal to buy, sell, or otherwise trade with an individual or business who is generally believed by the participants in the boycott to be doing something...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Trade-embargo (709 words)

	AllRefer.com - embargo (Political Science: Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		Although an embargo can cripple a nation's economy, the use of an embargo alone has typically failed to achieve the goal its imposition was intended to secure.
		Embargoes were authorized as a form of sanction by the Covenant of the League of Nations, and were applied against Paraguay in 1934 in the Chaco dispute (see Gran Chaco) with Bolivia, and against Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia (1935–36).
		In 1960, the United States imposed an embargo of all goods, excluding food and medicine, on Cuba, and in 1962 the Organization of American States, amid great controversy, established its own Cuban trade embargo (since abandoned).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/embargo.html (434 words)

	CUBA TODAY
		Under the Trading with the Enemy Act, Snow, who has led bass fishing expeditions to the Caribbean island for over a decade, faces a maximum of 100 years in prison and a $500,000 fine.
		Although Cuba's trade with the West has declined slightly since 1986, a Cuban trade official said last year, "Cuba will not import less than it is now importing from market economies." And Cuba's Western trade partners seem to be "muddling through" the current crisis.
		The embargo, finally, was imposed to punish Cuba for nationalizing U.S. property, in particular the holdings of sugar and oil companies, and to dissuade other countries from contemplating similar action.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/issues/1989/04/rich.html (2943 words)

	Why the Cuban Trade Embargo Should Be Maintained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Castro responded predictably by blaming the riots on the U.S. embargo and threatening to permit the wholesale flight of Cubans from the island unless the embargo was lifted.
		Free trade is promoting faster market growth and expanding the personal freedom of millions of Chinese, encouraged by entrepreneurs and investors from Taiwan, Hong Kong, and elsewhere who are providing the capital, entrepreneurial skills, and international trade contacts which are compelling China to transform its economy.
		The embargo, however, is not an anachronism; it is a legitimate instrument for achieving the goal of a free and democratic Cuba.
	www.heritage.org /Research/TradeandForeignAid/BG1010.cfm (5088 words)

	The Economic Embargo - Cuban History
		The coalition of Americans for Humanitarian Trade With Cuba join the United States Association of Former Members of Congress to call on the Clinton administration to end the embargo on food and medicines to Cuba.
		For the 10th consecutive time the United Nations votes to condemn the 4-decade-old trade embargo by a vote of 167 to 3, with three nations abstaining.
		Voting with the U.S. for the embargo are Israel, Palau and the Marshall Islands.
	www.historyofcuba.com /history/funfacts/embargo.htm (2739 words)

	MSN Encarta - Iraq
		Before the UN imposed a trade embargo on Iraq following Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990, average annual exports were estimated at $10.4 billion and imports at about $6.6 billion.
		After Hussein’s overthrow in 2003, the UN ended the Iraqi trade embargo.
		The U.S.-led transitional authority established the Trade Bank of Iraq to oversee the return of unfettered foreign trade.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567303_9/Iraq.html (727 words)

	Ambassador Siv: Statement on the Trade Embargo Against Cuba, November 4, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		As in years past, the Government of Cuba has tabled a resolution on the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba in an attempt to blame its economic woes on the United States, and to divert attention from its abysmal human rights record.
		Regardless of one’s views on the embargo, it should be clear that this is a bilateral issue between the United States and Cuba.
		The truth is that Cuba’s trade with other countries is not affected by the embargo, but instead by its poor credit rating stemming from the fact that it does not pay its bills and has billions of dollars in loans in arrears.
	www.un.int /usa/03_220.htm (687 words)

	Trade Embargoes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A trade embargo is a law or policy a state initiates which prohibits or otherwise restricts the importation/exportation of goods.
		Trade embargoes are typically motivated by political, economic, moral, or environmental reasons, and used as a form of protest against another country's practices.
		Despite the clause in the GATT which allows for a nation to uphold their public morals by issuing trade embargoes, GATT and the WTO still found the United States in violation of the rules and guideline governing the two trade organizations and called for the United States to lift the embargo.
	darwin.bio.uci.edu /~sustain/issueguides/Embargoes (896 words)

	[No title]
		Trade with Cuba: Past and Future A mere 90 miles from Florida, Cuba enjoyed a long history of trade with the U.S. before Fidel Castro rose to power in 1959.
		According to trade analysts, these new alliances must overcome historical rivalries and economic disparities to create new trade and economic opportunities for their countries-and to compete in world trade.
		Trade balance: Some importing countries consume most of the cotton they buy, while others process and export large amounts of their cotton purchases.
	www.window.state.tx.us /comptrol/fnotes/dec95fn.txt (5392 words)

	[No title]
		Cuba trade embargo is useless relic; Policy has failed to achieve stated goal of removing Castro: “It’s time to end the failed U.S. trade embargo against Cuba, which — in addition to being ineffectual — is a relic of the Cold War and a diplomatic embarrassment to the United States.”
		Cuba trade mission keeps the door open: “With all due respect to U.S. Rep. Jeff Miller, his vote earlier this year to oppose loosening trade restrictions with Cuba was more in line with local - and South Florida - politics than with the realities of Cuba.
		Not our embargo: “A Canadian businessman who sold water purification equipment in Cuba faces the prospect of years in prison after being convicted in a Philadelphia court of breaking the U.S. trade embargo with the Communist-ruled island.
	www.lawg.org /countries/Cuba/editorials.htm (4306 words)

	Burma Embargo & the Gem Trade
		A US embargo against Vietnam was kept in place until 1994, to punish the Vietnamese for their invasion.
		The embargo forbids trade with this nation (along with other punitive measures aimed at the government) that has lived since 1960 under the heavy-handed (and illegal) rule of the military regime (the ironically named State Peace and Development Council).
		It is they who had their country stolen from them in 1962 by an illegal military government and who have suffered under one of the worst regimes to exist in the 21st century.
	www.ruby-sapphire.com /burma_embargo.htm (4141 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > World -- Cuba blames U.S. trade embargo for daily problems on the island, urges the ...
		Such banes of daily life are the product of the U.S. trade embargo and could be removed in a year of sanctions being lifted, Cuba's foreign minister said Thursday as he launched the island's annual international campaign against the embargo.
		Cuba is free to trade with the rest of the world, and it's not always clear which hardships are due to sanctions, and which to a centrally controlled economy criticized by detractors as inefficient.
		And I believe that enforcing the embargo is a necessary part of that strategy," he said, eliciting cheers and applause from thousands of Cuban-Americans in the audience.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/world/20040930-1504-cuba-usembargo.html (689 words)

	Economists evaluate U.S. trade embargo's impact on Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The report by the U.S. International Trade Commission, an independent nonpartisan federal agency, will be released on Feb. 15, 2001, and will look at impacts on both the American and Cuban economies.
		Kavulich said the council projects that the value of unrestricted annual U.S.-Cuba bilateral trade five years after normalization of commercial, economic and political relations would range from $3 billion to $5 billion, with perhaps 65 percent to 70 percent being exports from the United States to Cuba.
		Coleman said he and his fellow trade analyst from the commission, James Strong, would not provide recommendations to the House Ways and Means Committee, which requested the study.
	www.ciponline.org /cuba/cubainthenews/newsarchives/july2000/mh072200econ.htm (658 words)

	Impact of the U.S Embargo on Health and Nutrition in Cuba
		This trend is directly linked to the fact that in 1992 the U.S. trade embargo-one of the most stringent embargoes of its kind, prohibiting the sale of food and sharply restricting the sale of medicines and medical equipment-was further tightened by the 1992 Cuban Democracy Act.
		Due to the direct or indirect effects of the embargo, the most routine medical supplies are in short supply or entirely absent from some Cuban clinics.
		Such an embargo appears to violate the most basic international charters and conventions governing human rights, including the United Nations charter, the charter of the Organization of American States, and the articles of the Geneva Convention governing the treatment of civilians during wartime.
	www.cubasolidarity.net /aawh.html (1136 words)

	sil010 Trade embargo on Sierra Leone diamonds
		Diamond trade from areas occupied by rebel forces, terrorizing civil population, is the main financing source of the civil war - or even the main cause of the civil war, as many analysts say.
		Earlier embargos on the lucrative diamond trade by rebel UNITA forces in Angola did not have too much effect, as most of the trade was whitewashed through intermediaries.
		It was a peaceful means of applying political and moral pressure on the principal transit route of such trade to help facilitate an early and peaceful end to the conflict.
	www.afrol.com /News/sil010_diamond_embargo.htm (1201 words)

	BBC News \| AMERICAS \| US defends Cuba trade embargo
		The United States Government has defended its trade embargo against Cuba, rejecting calls from former President Jimmy Carter for the ban to be lifted.
		He said President George W Bush believed the four-decade-old embargo was "a vital part of America's policy towards Cuba".
		But the Bush administration took little time in showing that their support for the trade embargo stands firm.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/world/americas/newsid_1989000/1989723.stm (681 words)

	Commentary: The Cost of Confronting Fidel
		This policy has prevented any type of free trade to occur between the two countries except for a brief moment two years ago when certain humanitarian goods, such as medicine and a limited amount of food, were sent to Cuba.
		No doubt, were the United States to lift the trade embargo Castro would most certainly claim it as a victory for him—a triumph over the evil and imperialistic United States.
		The lifting of the embargo would not be a victory for Castro, but would rather be the beginning of a long awaited opportunity to watch him fall flat on his face.
	www.acton.org /ppolicy/comment/article.php?id=139 (1476 words)

	Editorial: Let's Lift the Cuban Trade Embargo - January 1998 Issue of St. Anthony Messenger Magazine Online
		For the same reasons, the Vatican does not consider trade embargoes and policies of isolation as the ideal way for nations to deal with each other.
		Meanwhile, by continuing the embargo, the United States keeps delivering to Castro the best propaganda device he could ever wish—a convenient tool to blame any failure of the Cuban Communist experiment on the United States and its trade embargo.
		It's time for both sides to let go of their stubbornness and shortsightedness and begin discussing what accommodations can be made for the good of the poor and of real people on both sides.
	www.americancatholic.org /Messenger/Jan1998/editorial.asp (867 words)

	U.S. trade embargo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		DENVER When President John F. Kennedy expanded the U.S. trade embargo against Cuba, America's island neighbor was getting ready to welcome the installation of Soviet missiles aimed at the United States.
		But if it is, the new American president's goal should be the end of all U.S. trade sanctions against Cuba and the beginning of a trading relationship that could lead eventually to the resolution of most of the issues that separate us, including confiscated property.
		They were the investment climate throughout the region, the opportunities created by electronic commerce, the growth and importance of business arbitration in Latin America, increasing trade in services, and the tools the chamber offers its members - who represent more than 7,000 small and large companies in 134 countries around the world.
	www.ciponline.org /cuba/cubainthenews/newsarchives/november2000/iht111800denver.htm (779 words)

	U.S. Trade Embargo on Cuba -- it's illegal, hypocritical
		In 1962, it imposed a trade embargo that lasted ever since and that was recently strengthened by means of the Helms-Burton Act.
		The European Union has asked the World Trade Organization to rule that the US is acting contrary to its rules.
		Yet the United States continues to trade freely with China, claiming that this "constructive engagement" benefits the Chinese people and is most likely to lead to openness.
	www.collegian.psu.edu /archive/1997/07/07-29-97tdc/07-29-97d07-002.htm (843 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Both the US and the EU have had trade embargos in place limiting arms and cutting edge technology trade with China since the 1989 Tiananmen Square Incident.
		While multinational companies may not be held to US trade policies, they are forced to abide by them in order to compete for in the US markets.
		A common (and official) viewpoint from China on the calls the current arms embargo “political discrimination.” Chinese officials believe to trade embargo to be an outdated hindrance in expanding US-China trade relations.
	www.public.iastate.edu /~emdenney/Arms.html (551 words)

	Embargoes Don't Work
		The rulers in Beijing are part of a 52-year legacy of mass murder, denial of human rights, and religious persecution as hideous as any in the history of the world.
		However, I would invite anyone who proposes a trade embargo with China to ask what they really intend to achieve by such an action.
		One other point: it is fashionable in Christian circles to support an embargo with Communist China on the basis of religious persecution there.
	www.geocities.com /fountoftruth/embargo.html (423 words)

	Commentary: Initiative for a New Cuba Looks Much Like the Old One. . .
		Free and open trade has proven time and time again that, over the long run, its effects are too comprehensive for even the most totalitarian dictator to handle.
		The domestic political concerns that keep the trade embargo as a centerpiece of U.S. policy have also had the unintended effect of prolonging Castro's reign of terror.
		Furthermore, under the current trade embargo, average Cubans have absolutely no chance at improving their lot in life, much less at becoming forces for democratic change in their country.
	www.acton.org /ppolicy/comment/article.php?id=88 (955 words)

	US to firms trading with Cuba: Watch it \| csmonitor.com
		Trade with Cuba is permitted under Canadian law.
		The Trading With the Enemy Act was introduced in 1917.
		Canada's long-standing approach to Cuba has been "constructive engagement." Canada has had an official trade policy with Cuba since 1945 and now is one of Cuba's biggest trading partners.
	www.csmonitor.com /2002/0426/p06s01-woam.htm (916 words)

	Cuban Trade Embargo? - Global Affairs Forum, Politics, Law, Science, Health
		A pioneer in everything from civil unions to Canadian drug imports, Vermont is making its move on the heels of a number of states that have broken into a market long blocked by US foreign policy.
		More than 40 years after the embargo was formed and sustained through 10 administrations, the United States has become the No. 1 supplier of food to Cuba.
		The purpose of the embargo was to weaken the Castro hold on the country and its people.
	www.globalaffairs.org /forum/showthread.php?t=28484 (1139 words)

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