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Topic: Trade restriction

	AusStats : Feature Article - Data Confidentiality
		Restrictions are placed on the release of statistics where the data relating to an individual or an organisation is likely to enable the identification of that individual or organisation, and that entity has requested that the data be suppressed.
		Where the restriction of statistics is necessary to preserve confidentiality, the ABS negotiates with the individual or organisation on a form of restriction which protects their interests while still allowing as much useful statistical information as possible to be released.
		Restrictions are placed at the commodity level, and the information is restricted for all trade in the particular commodity, not just that relating to the individual or organisation which requested the restriction.
	www.abs.gov.au /AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/87388CE07D74B49ECA2569DE002A303C (3744 words)

	Free Trade: Why are Economists and Noneconomists So Far Apart? - Poole Speech - St. Louis Fed
		The economist’s case for free trade rests primarily on the fact that imposing or removing trade restrictions invariably helps some firms and people and hurts others but with a positive net benefit for the country as a whole from moving toward freer trade.
		International trade is a separate subject within economics primarily because it deals with restrictions on trade that do not ordinarily exist between regions of a country.
		Perhaps there is no reason to feel much outrage about such trade restriction, but in most cases legislators would not be able to impose a small sales tax on the good and funnel the revenues to the favored industry.
	www.stlouisfed.org /news/speeches/2004/06_15_04.html (4355 words)

	Official site of the Ministerial Council on Consumer Affairs - www.consumer.gov.au
		The restriction, which is uniform in all jurisdictions, is that it is an offence to sell non-prepacked meat otherwise than at a price determined by reference to the mass of the meat.
		Restriction does not apply in circumstances where other components or products are added to the meat or where the meat has been substantially altered (eg: beef kebabs with additional vegetables).
		Restriction is not enforced where a meat seller has added other food to the meat and has undertaken a substantial amount of labour to produce a specialised meat product.
	www.consumer.gov.au /html/ncp_trade_review/html/DraftPBTReport-04.htm (2215 words)

	Trade Marks Newsletter - London Newsletter - December 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Court considered that a simple agreement not to infringe a valid intellectual property right, such as a trade mark, was practically valueless, as when a party agrees not to infringe a valid right, he does no more than agree to respect the law.
		Finally, the Court believed that the bargaining power of the parties was equal and therefore, despite the fact that the restriction not to use ‘WWF’ amounted to a fetter on trade, it was held to be justifiable.
		In this case, whilst it was held that the trade mark restriction did amount to a “fetter on trade”, its enforcement could be justified due to the particular image of the Federation, as contrasted with that of the Fund.
	www.bakernet.com /newsletters/Article.asp?ArticleID=46&EditionID=7&URL=/newsletters/newsletter.asp&NLID=5 (721 words)

	Politics and Foreign Trade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When trade restrictions are eliminated consumers gain but some workers and investors lose, most temporarily but some permanently.
		A trade restriction concentrates benefits on the few in the protected industry at costs that are thinly dispersed over the entire consuming public.
		So when a trade restriction is being considered, politicians will hear plenty from those favoring the restriction and little if any from those harmed by it.
	www.libertyhaven.com /regulationandpropertyrights/tradeandinternationaleconomics/politicsforeign.shtml (1112 words)

	In Defense of Free Trade
		Increasingly, trade is political and often determines the shape and size of that marketplace as well as the number of buyers and sellers.
		Trade was a major issue in the Democratic presidential primaries earlier this year, and it is shaping up to be a major issue in the November election.
		The fact is that negative trade stories are too easy to write and film, and the positive case for trade expansion takes a degree of courage, persistence and patience that has not always been shown.
	www.baconsrebellion.com /Issues04/06-07/Baliles.htm (4021 words)

	Limiting Trade: Economics Lesson
		The main types of trade restrictions are tariffs, quotas, embargoes, licensing requirements, standards, and subsidies.
		This is true for trade among individuals or organizations within a nation, and usually among individuals or organizations in different nations.
		Explain to the students that they are going to take part in an activity designed to help them understand trade restrictions and their effects.
	ecedweb.unomaha.edu /lessons/feoga.htm (1387 words)

	AusStats : 5487.0 Information Paper: International Merchandise Trade Statistics, Australia: Data Confidentiality
		Restrictions are placed on the release of statistics where the data for an individual or an organisation is identifiable and that entity has requested that the data be suppressed.
		restriction is applied to a commodity for the first half of a year and lifted for the second half, country-classified data for that commodity for the full year will only include trade for the second half of the year.
		Every request for a restriction is investigated in terms of the number of traders and the respective significance of their trade.
	www.abs.gov.au /ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/E5ADEBBD0BF28AEACA256889000DB4BE (4868 words)

	Trade Marks Newsletter - London Newsletter - December 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This restriction was based on the Fund’s trade mark rights in "WWF", for which it has numerous registrations both with and without their Panda logo.
		The Court considered the general principles of the doctrine of restraint of trade under common law, which states that contracts in restraint of trade are prima facie void unless they can be justified on grounds that they are reasonable and not contrary to public interest.
		Obviously, the more restrictive the restraint is, the harder it becomes to justify.
	bakernet.com /newsletters/Article.asp?ArticleID=46&EditionID=7&URL=/... (721 words)

	SICE Dispute Settlement WTO Report WT/DS90/R /2
		The basic purpose of this note is to extend to state-trading the rules of the General Agreement governing private trade and to ensure that the contracting parties cannot escape their obligations with respect to private trade by establishing state-trading operations.
		Finally, India had conceded that the "canalization" restrictions within the scope of this dispute were "restrictions" within the purview of Article XI:1, by notifying them as balance-of-payments import restrictions in WT/BOP/N/24.
		The United States considered that SILs were administered in such a manner as to have restricting effects on imports; the quota premium for purchase of SILs (with estimates ranging from 4% to 15%) testified to the trade-restricting effect of the SIL regime.
	www.sice.oas.org /DISPUTE/wto/ds90/90r03.asp (3584 words)

	SICE - WTO - EC MEASURES ON MEAT - COMPLAINT BY THE U.S. /Q
		The United States argues that "a disguised restriction on international trade" is present in the context of Article 5.5 where a Member claims a legitimate basis for the difference in the chosen levels of protection being compared, but where instead the differing levels of protection are being employed for commercial reasons to restrict trade.
		We consider that 'disguised restriction', whatever else it covers, may properly be read as embracing restrictions amounting to arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination in international trade taken under the guise of a measure formally within the terms of an exception listed in Article XX.
		We recall, in particular, that in some cases the significance of the difference in levels of protection for comparable situations combined with the arbitrariness thereof may be sufficient to conclude that this difference in levels of protection results in "discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade".
	www.sice.oas.org /dispute/wto/HORM-U17.asp (5803 words)

	Litigation Professional Information Center: New Nevada Rule Against Lawyers' Use Of Most Trade Names Held ...
		Furthermore, Pro determined that a near-total ban on trade names is more restrictive than necessary to protect the public, as the use of deceptive trade names is already improper under other Nevada rules.
		Michel also asserted that Rule 199(1) is unconstitutional because it allows one group--nonprofit legal services organizations--to use trade names, and makes a distinction for no apparent reason between firm names that contain the names of deceased or retired firm members and other trade names.
		Although bar counsel asserted that Michel can continue to use his current trade names as "slogans," this proffered leeway is too vague to avoid the need for injunctive relief, the court found.
	litigationcenter.bna.com /pic2/lit.nsf/id/BNAP-5GANUG?OpenDocument (1144 words)

	CHAPTER 19 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		World Trade Organization (WTO), an organization whose functions are generally the same as GATT -- to promote free and fair trade among nations.
		Regulatory trade restrictions are government-imposed procedural rules that limit imports.
		Free-trade associations are groups of nations that allow free trade among its members and, as a group, put up common barriers against all other nations' goods.
	www.hcc.cc.il.us /staff/BillM/fall04/sgch21e.html (2559 words)

	Econ 200 chap9 notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The effects of international trade are shown as the difference between the domestic price of a good without foreign supply and the world price of a good.
		When a country engages in free international trade and and is exporting the good, the producers of the good are made better off and domestic consumers of the good are made worse off.
		Economists generally agree that free trade is a better policy than tariffs or other restrictions on international trade.
	www.usu.edu /econsm/200/200chap9.html (237 words)

	Asia Times
		KITA, in a report on Chinese trade walls, urged Korean exporters to be ready with countermeasures, as China will raise the barriers as soon as the reorganization of its trade structure is completed.
		The number of South Korean products either placed under China's trade restriction measures or about to be placed under it totaled 16, more than Japan's 11 and the United States' eight.
		During the National People's Congress session in March, China plans to merge its external trade ministry with the national economic trade council to create a body similar to the US Trade Representative Office in an effort to strengthen its trade organization.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/Korea/EB04Dg03.html (555 words)

	CTE: Transparency
		WTO transparency provisions support the proper functioning of the multilateral trading system, by helping to prevent unnecessary trade restriction and distortion from occurring, by providing information about market opportunities and by helping to avoid trade disputes from arising.
		An important means of ensuring that national environmental policy measures, such as labelling and packaging requirements, do not create unnecessary trade restrictions is to make the measures fully transparent to all WTO Members.
		An important starting-point for addressing some of these trade concerns is to ensure adequate transparency in their preparation, adoption and application.
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/whatis_e/eol/e/wto09/wto9_14.htm (479 words)

	Global Exchange : Activist Network
		The list would be mostly consumers who were interested in where fair trade coffee was being sold and what shops were refusing to and so on.
		Even if only three new people signed up to volunteer to help with fair trade coffee, I think everyone there was moved to make a conscious decision to buy fair trade and to tell others.
		Students for Progressive Action is interested in starting a fair trade coffee campaign at MU and we would be interested to know what resources are available.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/activists/148.html (566 words)

	Model Legislation for Tobacco Control: A Policy Development and Legislative Drafting Manual - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The provisions presented in the Guide are designed to be the most protective of public health (favoring public health over trade liberalization where the two conflict) and are supported by medical and social science-based evidence.
		Most, but not all, of the provisions of the Guide also are based on provisions found in a variety of countries' laws that have not been challenged to date under the WTO agreements.
		The international agreements generally acknowledge the right of governments to undertake policy and regulatory measures, even if they have the effect of restricting trade, if they are necessary to protect, among other things, health or the environment.
	www.fctc.org /modelguide/section14.html (561 words)

	Buzzlife Message Board - WTO: Ease Trade Restriction on Tsunami affected region
		With the expiration of the global Multifiber Agreement governing textile trade at the beginning of this year, all the countries of the region had already asked the United States for special consideration, especially in the face of the new competition they face with China.
		NK is not decimated due to trade restrictions.
		I don't think either LT or I are aware of the details of the 'restrictions' that the article refers to, but what we're trying to say is that if we allow free trade (no restrictions, not special priviliges) so that their fishermen and other industries can compete, it will help the economy of the country.
	www.buzzlife.com /forums/showthread.php?t=50944 (1492 words)

	[No title]
		Quotas A quota is a quantitative restriction imposed imports by the governing authority. e.g., No more than 200 Ferrari’s per year will be allowed in to Fairdale.
		Since their exports to the US were an important part of Europe’s (out trading partners) income, Smoot- Hawley was blamed for spreading the Depression to the Europe.
		GATT 1947 The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade resulted from the post-WWII planning and was designed to reestablish the international trading system.
	www.faculty.fairfield.edu /rakelly/Ec12/CH1218_TradePolicy.doc (1312 words)

	Trade and Sustainable Forest Management - Impacts and Interactions
		• Trade agreements and Trade restrictions are highly inefficient/ineffective for SFM
		• Trade agreements and trade restrictions are highly inefficient and largely ineffective approaches to achieve national resource policy objectives.
		• The use of trade restrictions to promote SFM is unlikely to be effective and will be generally counter to broadly-agreed economic, social and environmental goals and objectives
	www.fao.org /docrep/005/ad029e/AD029E18.HTM (1399 words)

	TED Case Study - Kobe Beef (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The most recent development in beef trade in Japan stems from the issue of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease), which was found in the United States in a Canadian cow.
		While there has not yet been any legal discourse regarding the beef trade, the governments that export to Japan are certainly dissatisfied with the status of the trigger levels that cue the safeguards.
		Additionally, the livestock trade in earlier decades was limited, as the mountainous terrain restricted the transportation of animals to market or for breeding.
	www.luciesfarm.com /artman/publish/article_99.php (3783 words)

	Congressman José E. Serrano, NY16 - {title}
		This historic vote on normalizing trade relations with China is expected to take place in the House later this week.
		“I am voting in favor of permanent normal trade relations with China because I believe that it is more productive to have engagement than to attempt through the restriction of trade to punish governments with which we have differences,” Serrano said.
		The pressure should and will continue, not appended to trade deliberations, but in a systemic review of concerns.
	www.house.gov /serrano/pressarchive/pr_000522_pntr.html (360 words)

	Experience With the Use of Trade Measures in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna ...
		CITES establishes an international legal framework for the regulation and restriction of trade in specimens of species of wild animals and plants.
		Even if international trade is not the most important cause of biodiversity decline, the pressure of international demand as transmitted through trade is vital for a number of individual species -- and this is the situation that CITES mechanisms are designed to address.
		Mechanisms are developed for assessing the effectivenss of trade provisions, as are methods of enhancing effectiveness.
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC4033.htm (263 words)

	'Let's Have A Level Playing Field' Not Even Harley-Davidson Can Penetrate China's Market Harley-Davidson Chairman ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		When it gets down to the politics of [trade] negotiations sometimes a decision is made to avoid a big conflict with an important political ally based on small commercial benefit for a small group of companies."
		Rendell was surprised to hear that such trade negotiations become a "political choice," he said.
		Where is the government banging the heck out of them?" With China's entry into the World Trade Organization those restrictions are set to go away in two- to three years, Rendell added.
	www.manufacturingnews.com /news/04/0402/art1.html (830 words)

	Brazil: Argentina delays trade restriction - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Brazil: Argentina delays trade restriction - (United Press International)
		Brazilian Trade Minister Luiz Furlan said he would speak with Argentina's Economy Minister Roberto Lavagna Wednesday during a meeting of Mecosur trade bloc nations, comprised of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
		Earlier Tuesday, Brazilian manufacturers balked at the import restrictions Argentina placed on certain goods, saying it would cost the country thousands of jobs.
	washingtontimes.com /upi-breaking/20040706-050910-6312r.htm (220 words)

	Case Study
		As a means of transport, the camel has for centuries been vital for trade acrossthe arid wastes of the country.
		Tourism is the traded product through which the Dromedary is being threatened.
		The control of tourist degradation of the Dromedary habitat is the main threat to their survival.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/camel.htm (2930 words)

	[No title]
		Trade Restriction because recently had an offer sheet matched
		Trade Restriction because the player signed a 1 year contract in which they will be a Bird or Early Bird player at the end of the contract
		Trade Restriction because the player has a no trade clause in their contract
	www.realgm.com /src_definitions.php (57 words)

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