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	Trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trade in the East Indies was dominated by Portugal in the 16th century, the Netherlands in the 17th century, and the British in the 18th century.
		The ascendancy of free trade was primarily based on national advantage in the mid 19th century.
		Empirical evidence for the success of trade can be seen in the contrast between countries such as South Korea, which adopted a policy of export-oriented industrialization, and India, which historically had a more closed policy (although it has begun to open its economy, as of 2005).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trade (2267 words)

	Balance of trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Balance of trade figures, also called net exports (NX), are the sum of the money gained by a given economy by selling exports, minus the cost of buying imports.
		A negative balance of trade is known as a trade deficit or, informally, as a trade gap, and consists of importing more than one exports.
		The metaphor of trade as some kind of battle, where surplus countries win and deficit countries lose, ignores the observation that trade is based on regional specialization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trade_surplus (775 words)

	Asia Times: Overall trade surplus falls 7.9% in first half
		TOKYO - Japan's trade surplus slid 7.9% to 6.05 trillion yen in the January-June period, the first fall in five terms on a half-year basis, the Ministry of Finance said in a preliminary report Thursday.
		Meanwhile, the June trade surplus dropped 2.9% from a year earlier to 1.17 trillion yen, for the third straight month of decline.
		The sensitive trade surplus with the U.S. rose for the second month in a row, by 18.2% to 655 billion yen, on a 22% drop in Japanese imports from the U.S. Overall exports slid 5.8% to 4.09 trillion yen, marking the ninth straight month of decline.
	www.atimes.com /japan-econ/AG23Dh01.html (254 words)

	CNN.com - Japan trade surplus shrinks - January 24, 2002
		Japan's surplus with the United States -- its largest trading partner -- fell for the first time in five years, down 6.8 percent at 7.06 trillion yen ($52.46 billion), the ministry said.
		The year-on-year decline in the trade surplus slowed to 18.4 percent in December, when it stood at 667.2 billion yen.
		In the middle of 2001, the surplus was as much as 87 percent smaller than in corresponding months of 2000.
	www.cnn.com /2002/BUSINESS/asia/01/24/japan.surplus/index.html (525 words)

	The Daily, Thursday, February 20, 2003. Canadian international merchandise trade
		Canada's annual trade surplus with the rest of the world fell to its lowest level in three years in 2002, as merchandise exports for the year as a whole declined and imports rose.
		Although Canada's trade surplus in energy dropped by more than $3.0 billion to $34.0 billion, it was still the largest surplus by trade sector in 2002.
		Merchandise trade is one component of the current account of Canada's balance of payments, which also includes trade in services.
	www.statcan.ca /Daily/English/030220/d030220a.htm (1522 words)

	FRB: Speech, Bernanke--Trade and Jobs--March 30, 2004
		Trade is beneficial because it facilitates the division of labor, allowing each person to specialize in the type of production at which he or she is relatively most efficient.
		The worsening of the U.S. trade deficit as a share of GDP in recent years is entirely due to a fall in exports, from 10.9 percent of GDP in 2000 to 9.3 percent of GDP in 2003.
		An important reason for the U.S. trade surplus in business services is that this country provides many high-value services to users abroad, including financial, legal, engineering, architectural, and software development services, while many of the services imported by U.S. companies are less sophisticated and hence of lower cost.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2004/20040330/default.htm (5633 words)

	The Daily, Friday, June 13, 2003. Canadian international merchandise trade
		As a result, Canada's trade surplus with the rest of the world fell from $5.3 billion in March to $4.1 billion in April, the lowest level since December 2002.
		The $1.2 billion decline in the trade surplus was the largest since June 2002.
		The trade surplus with the United States fell by $1.1 billion to $7.6 billion; this was an almost complete reversal from March, which saw the largest monthly increase in almost a year.
	www.statcan.ca /Daily/English/030613/d030613a.htm (1377 words)

	Aerospace Builds on Foreign Trade Surplus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Arlington, Va. â“ The U.S. aerospace industry expanded its foreign trade surplus in 2004, increasing the positive balance by $4 billion to reach $31 billion, AIA announced Monday.
		According to statistics complied by the AIA Aerospace Research Center, the industry saw an increase in exports of $4.3 billion and an increase in imports of approximately $400 million.
		The positive trade balance in 2003 was $27 billion.
	www.aia-aerospace.org /aianews/press/2005/rel_03_08_05.cfm (215 words)

	business.iafrica.com \| business news SA records trade surplus in March
		South Africa recorded a trade surplus of R2.085-billion for its trade with non-Southern African Customs Union (SACU) trading partners in March compared with February's R2.346-billion surplus and January's R122-million deficit, according to the latest Customs & Excise figures released on Friday.
		The median forecast was for a R1-billion surplus as global growth boosts demand for South Africa's exports.
		The range of forecasts is from a R0.8-billion deficit to a R2-billion surplus.
	business.iafrica.com /news/319422.htm (269 words)

	Boston.com / Business / Japan's trade surplus expands
		Japan's trade surplus expanded for the fifth straight month in November as exports to the rest of Asia continued to increase, the finance ministry said Monday.
		The surplus grew by a better-than-expected 11.3 percent from the same month a year earlier to 990.2 billion yen ($9.25 billion).
		In November, the trade surplus with Asian countries jumped 63.1 percent to 513.73 billion ($4.8 billion) as shipments climbed 10.6 percent.
	www.boston.com /business/articles/2003/12/21/japans_trade_surplus_expands (240 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| China-US trade surplus '$53.2bn'
		Trade volume with the US rose 29.3% year-on-year to $113.8bn in the period, according to China customs data quoted by the official Xinhua News Agency.
		Lawmakers and businessmen have blamed China - and what Washington says is a projected $120bn trade surplus with the US during 2003 - for job losses, including a claimed 300,000 in textiles in the past two years.
		In December China forecast its trade surplus with the rest of the world would be halved this year to about $15bn.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/3366983.stm (376 words)

	Gringoes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Brasília, Aug 02 - Brazil posted a hefty trade surplus of $3.48 billion in July, its second-best result for a single month, according to data released Monday by the Development and Foreign Trade Ministry.
		In the fifth and last week of July alone, the country registered a trade surplus of $849 million.
		Market analysts are expecting the country to register an unprecedented trade surplus of $29.1 billion this year, as unveiled in a survey published Monday by the Central Bank.
	www.gringoes.com /articles_business.asp?ID_Noticia=2197 (167 words)

	Japanese trade surplus swells 40%
		Tokyo, Jan 25: Japan's trade surplus jumped 40 per cent to a record high of 13.99 trillion yen ($122.72 billion) in 1998 and posted an unexpectedly large 14.4 per cent rise in December as the weak domestic economy caused imports to slump.
		US trade officials have said Japan needs to cut its steel exports to America sharply or face possible retaliation and that they would look at December's data to see if the trend was down.
		It (trade spats) plays to some quarters politically but it is not going to be the kind of national vote-getter that makes it attractive for any candidate on either side to pursue as a main policy priority,'' Bevacqua said.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/19990126/02655165.html (783 words)

	Japan's trade surplus with Asia hits eight-year high (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		TOKYO -- Japan's trade surplus with Asia hit an eight-year high in the year to March as record exports to China reduced its massive deficit with its giant neighbor, the Ministry of Finance said Wednesday.
		The trade surplus with Asia rose 35.4 percent to 6.21 trillion yen (57.1 billion dollars), with exports up 13.3 percent to 26.37 billion yen and imports increasing 7.9 percent to 20.16 trillion yen.
		In March alone, Japan's surplus with the rest of Asia grew 20.7 percent to 679.9 billion yen, with Asia-bound exports rising 19.6 percent to 2.63 trillion yen while imports from the region climbed 19.2 percent to 1.95 trillion yen.
	money.inq7.net /breakingnews/printable_breakingnews.php?yyyy=2004&mon=04&dd=22&file=4 (412 words)

	Balance of trade -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They form part of the (A system of recording all of a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world over a period of one year) balance of payments, which also includes other transactions such as the (Click link for more info and facts about international investment position) international investment position.
		A positive balance of trade is known as a trade surplus and consists of exporting more (in (Click link for more info and facts about financial capital) financial capital terms) than one imports.
		If the balance of trade is positive, then the economy has received more money than it has spent (exported more than it has imported).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/ba/balance_of_trade.htm (885 words)

	Commodity Trader \| Brazil‘s 2004 trade surplus hits $33.696bn, all-time record
		Brazil posted a trade surplus of $33.696 billion in 2004, an all-time record, the Development and Foreign Trade Ministry said Monday.
		In December alone, the country ran a hefty trade surplus of $3.51 billion.
		Last month‘s surplus was the result of $9.194 billion in exports and $5.648 billion in imports.
	www.commoditytrader.com /archives/000155.php (222 words)

	WJLA - Report: China Foresees $100B Trade Surplus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		China's commerce ministry predicts the country's trade surplus could triple to $100 billion this year, led by a 30 percent jump in exports, state media reported Friday.The ministry warned that the surge could create new trade tensions, add pressure on China to revalue its currency and cause financial risks, the official China Daily newspaper reported.
		China's trade surplus from January to August of this year reached $60 billion, far exceeding the $32 billion recorded for all of 2004.
		By year's end, the surplus is expected to balloon to $90 billion to $100 billion, the commerce ministry said.
	www.wjla.com /headlines/1005/266617.html (332 words)

	Vehicle exports boost trade surplus
		SOUTH AFRICA recorded a better than expected trade surplus in October despite a rise in imports and higher oil prices, which continued to have a negative impact on the import bill.
		This brings the trade surplus for the year to date to R13-billion after recording a mere R1-billion surplus last year for the same period.
		Absa economist Matthys Strauss said it was encouraging that the surplus this time was not a result of imports contraction but an actual increase in exports.
	www.btimes.co.za /99/1205/news/news03.htm (316 words)

	Fall in Japan's Trade Surplus Surprises Economists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Japan's trade surplus has fallen for the first time in 20 months.
		Japan's trade surplus with the rest of the world shrank 15 percent in November, compared to the same time a year earlier.
		Although the trade figures show Japan cannot rely on exports to cure its economic woes, the government Monday reaffirmed its commitment to stimulate the economy, domestically.
	www.cyberhaven.com /globalinvesting/japaneconomicupdate.html (373 words)

	CNN.com - Exports lift Korean trade surplus - Sep. 1, 2003
		The surplus in Asia's fourth largest economy has been helped by brisk exports of mobile phones and computers and comes despite strikes by workers in key sectors of the economy.
		Analysts said Monday the surplus could shrink in coming months as a revival in domestic demand, which is expected to stage a recovery in the third or fourth quarter, sucks in more imports.
		The country's provisional trade surplus was $1.93 billion in August, up from $1.10 billion in the same month last year.
	www.cnn.com /2003/BUSINESS/09/01/korea.surplus.reut (550 words)

	CBC News:Trade surplus slides in November (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		OTTAWA - Canada's trade surplus retreated by three-quarters of a billion dollars in November, pulled down by a fall in exports, Statistics Canada said Friday.
		The trade surplus with the United States fell by $490 million to $7.7 billion.
		For the first 11 months of 2002, the country's cumulative trade surplus stood at $49.5 billion, about $10 billion lower than in the same period of 2001.
	www.cbc.ca /stories/2003/01/17/tradesurplus_030117 (291 words)

	"The Japanese Trade Surplus with the E.U." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Japanese surplus with the EU rose from 0.7 billion ECU in 1970 to 31.0 billion ECU in 1992.
		Hence, the attention focused on the Japanese trade surplus is "scarcely proportionate to its relative significance"[1] for the EU.
		It is a discriminating trade arrangement since the liberalisation only includes the countries that are members of the customs union and they formulate and administer a common foreign trade policy in regard to tariffs and other trade restrictions against third countries.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/econrev/ser/html/6int.html (11124 words)

	Euro-zone external trade surplus 4.2 billion
		The first estimate for euro-zone trade with the rest of the world in March 2005 was a 4.2 billion euro surplus, compared with +10.4 bn in March 2004.
		EU25 trade was characterised by an increase in the EU25 surplus with the USA (+11.7 bn euro in January-February 2005 compared with +10.5 bn in January-February 2004) and Switzerland (+2.6 bn compared with +1.5 bn).
		Concerning the total trade of Member States, the largest surplus was observed in Germany (+26.5 bn euro in January-February 2005), followed by the Netherlands (+5.3 bn), Ireland (+4.8 bn) and Sweden (+2.8 bn).
	www.finfacts.ie /irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_10001923.shtml (718 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : World trade may rise 7.5 pc: WTO economists
		Releasing its assessment of international trade in 2003 and prospects for the current year in Geneva on Monday, the world trade monitoring body said that a 2.5 per cent increase in global output in 2003 spurred world trade to recover by 4.5 per cent.
		The most dynamic trading regions in 2003 were Asia and the transition economies, notching up double-digit import and export expansion of their merchandise trade.
		Ranking of countries on the basis of their foreign trade performance, WTO gives the top slot to Germany as the leading exporter with its exports amounting to $748.4 billion, accounting for 10 per cent of global exports, followed by the US at $724 billion, accounting for 9.7 per cent in 2003.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2004/04/06/stories/2004040600230400.htm (892 words)

	Pharmaceutical Industry trade surplus higher than expected
		The UK pharmaceutical industry recorded a trade surplus of £3.6 billion last year according to the final year statistics, the ABPI announced today.
		The industry is also rapidly catching up with oil, whose trade surplus over the same period was only £200 million greater at £3,813 million.
		Although most UK pharmaceutical trade is with EU partners, the greatest trade surpluses are with exports to North American and Asia/Oceania nations.
	www.abpi.org.uk /press/press_releases_04/040519.asp (272 words)

	RUSSIA: Q1 TRADE SURPLUS JUMPS 13 PERCENT - News From Russia - News From Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Russia's foreign trade surplus rose by 13.5 percent year-on-year in the first quarter of 2004 as crude oil exports to Western markets soared, the State Customs Committee said.
		The surplus widened to US$21.8 billion in January to March compared with $19.2 billion in the same period of 2003, the committee said in a statement.
		Russia's economy ministry has already released its foreign trade figures, showing the trade surplus widening to $18.8 billion in the first quarter of the year.
	www.gateway2russia.com /st/art_235036.php (191 words)

	Eurozone trade surplus rises in December (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The trade surplus in the euro zone widened by more than expected but a decline in exports and imports confirmed the fragility of the bloc's economic growth.
		The trade estimate of +5.7 bn is compared with +6.4 bn in December 2003.
		EU25 trade was characterized by an increase in the EU25 surplus with the USA (+69.9 bn euro in January-November 2004 compared with +62.4 in January-November 2003), Switzerland (+ 12.1 bn compared with +11.3 bn) and Turkey (+ 6.6 bn compared with +2.9 bn).
	www.finfacts.ie /irelandbusinessnews/publish/article_1000536.shtml (812 words)

	The Daily Star - Business Articles - Kuwait's trade surplus rises 12 percent
		KUWAIT CITY: Kuwait's trade surplus rose 12 percent by mid-2004 compared its level a year ago due to an increase in oil revenues, the Central Bank of Kuwait (CBK) said Sunday.
		Its trade surplus was $9.9 billion in 2003, up from $6.5 billion the previous year.
		The Gulf Arab state has posted a budget surplus in the past five consecutive years and is well on track to record an even bigger surplus in the current fiscal year 2004/2005, which began April 1 and ends March 31 next year.
	www.dailystar.com.lb /article.asp?edition_id=10&categ_id=3&article_id=7857 (450 words)

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