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Topic: Trade war over genetically modified food

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Genetically modified food

GM food

Genetically modified organism

Organic food

Mandatory labelling

Food

Food quality

Food crises

Tax, tariff and trade

Biosafety Protocol

Quantitative genetics

Organic farming

European Union

Transgenic plants

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	Trade war over genetically modified food: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In Europe, a series of unrelated food crises[?] during the 1990s have created consumer apprehension about food safety in general, eroded public trust in government oversight of the food industry[?], and left some consumers unwilling to consider "science" to be a guarantee of quality.
		The value of agricultural trade between the US and the European is estimated at $57 billion at the beginning of the 21st Century, and some in the U.S., especially farmers and food manufacturers, are concerned that the new proposal by the European Union could be a barrier to much of that trade.
		The new European tax, tariff and trade proposal would particularly affect US maize gluten and soybean exports, as a high percentage of these crops are genetically modified in the USA (about 25 percent of US maize and 65 percent of soybeans are genetically modified in 2002).
	www.encyclopedian.com.cob-web.org:8888 /tr/Trade-war-over-genetically-modified-food.html (1747 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Genetically modified food
		Subsequent genetically modified food crops included virus-resistant squash, a potato variant that included an organic pesticide called Bt (NB: the EPA classified the Bt potato as a pesticide, but required no labeling), strains of canola, soybean, corn and cotton engineered by Monsanto to be immmune to their popular herbicide RoundUp[?], and Bt corn.
		Although some claim genetically modified foods may even be safer than conventional[?] products, many European consumers are nevertheless demanding that their "right to know" the content and origin of the food they consume be respected.
		See Trade war over genetically modified food for more details on disputes and more recent developments between the United States and the EU arising from EU position on genetically modified organisms.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ge/Genetically_modified_food (1185 words)

	Trade - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The Hanseatic League was an alliance of trading cities that maintained a trade monopoly over most of Northern Europe and the Baltic, between the 13th and 17th centuries.
		Trade in the East Indies was dominated by Portugal in the 16th century, the Netherlands in the 17th century, and the British in the 18th century.
		Words like trade and trading are also applied, though imprecisely, to some exchanges that do not involve any payment or barter, but just a sequence of equivalent actions, as in trading licks.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/t/r/a/Trade.html (2273 words)

	Are the US and Europe Heading for a Food Fight Over Genetically Modified Food? (October 24, 2001) (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Some have said that it is not a food divide, but a cultural divide, and they've pointed to the fact that Europe is the home of haute cuisine and America is the home of Big Macs and Whoppers.
		This European food authority will be responsible for the risk assessment, and also a very important thing in the context Julia and I described already, is the risk communication with the public.
		We've been losing over $200 million a year in sales of corn to Europe for a number of years now, and I suspect we will be living with that problem for a few more years.
	pewagbiotech.org.cob-web.org:8888 /events/1024 (11284 words)

	International trade of genetically modified foods - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Critics of GM foods contend that there is evidence that the cultivation of genetically modified plants may lead to environmental changes.
		Many European consumers are asking for food regulation (demanding labels that identify which food has been genetically modified), while the American agricultural industry is arguing for free trade and is strongly opposed to labeling, saying it gives the food a negative connotation.
		In June 2003, the European Parliament ratified a three-year-old U.N. biosafety protocol regulating international trade in genetically modified food, expected to come into force in fall 2003 since the necessary number of ratification was reached in May 2003.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trade_war_over_genetically_modified_food (2315 words)

	"Trade War Looms as US Launches Challenge Over Transgenic Crops"
		The opening shots in a transgenic trade war were fired last week, as the United States delivered a warning to Europe - and perhaps to developing nations as well - that trade barriers to genetically modified crops are not acceptable.
		The EU is expected to pass new rules later this year requiring stricter labelling and traceability of food containing genetically modified ingredients.
		Even when the trade wars are resolved, consumer opinion could still scupper the entry of transgenic crops into the European market.
	www.biotech-info.net /trade_war_looms.html (790 words)

	Genetically Modified Foods
		Although "biotechnology" and "genetic modification" commonly are used interchangeably, GM is a special set of technologies that alter the genetic makeup of such living organisms as animals, plants, or bacteria.
		food safety in general, and eroded the public trust in government oversight of the food industry.
		Trade war over genetically modified food for more details on disputes and more recent developments between the United States and the EU arising from EU position on genetically modified organisms.
	www.edinformatics.com /biotechnology/food_gentically_modified.htm (1747 words)

	Truth About Trade & Technology - Biotech Food Tears Rifts in Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Greece and a few other countries in the European Union that have banned genetically modified organisms are on the front lines of a war over the future of modified food in Europe, the only large swath of the world that does not already grow or buy the crops.
		Once genetically modified crops enter a country's food production, it can be difficult and costly to keep the food chain free of them because there is mixing of plants from farms in milling and in production.
		Genetically modified seeds are approved case by case, and once the European Commission has approved a seed for planting, the only legal reason that a country can enforce a ban is if "new scientific evidence" shows it would be harmful.
	www.truthabouttrade.org /article.asp?id=5817 (1659 words)

	Trade war - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A trade war refers to two or more nations raising or creating tariffs or other trade barriers on each other in retaliation for other trade barriers.
		Economists generally believe trade wars are very non-productive and decrease the economic welfare and total social surplus of all nations involved.
		In addition, poor countries are more vulnerable than rich countries in trade wars; in raising protections against dumping of cheap products, it risks making the product too expensive for its people to afford.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trade_war (244 words)

	Reason Magazine - Biotech Warfare
		Yesterday United States Trade Representative Robert Zoellick and U.S. Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman announced that the U.S. is filing a case at the World Trade Organization (WTO) against the EU's five-year moratorium on importing foods made from genetically modified (GM) crops.
		And third, a WTO ruling favorable to the U.S. could imperil the Doha Round of WTO trade negotiations in which the U.S. is trying to persuade the EU to lower absurdly high agricultural subsidies.
		The developed countries pay out over $300 billion in agricultural subsidies annually, undermining the ability of poor farmers in the developing countries to compete.
	www.reason.com /news/show/34809.html (869 words)

	"Dispute Over Labeling of Genetically Modified Foods Threatens Billions In Trade"
		American exports of corn, cotton and soybeans -- large percentages of which are genetically modified -- constitute a significant share of the $6.3 billion annual value of U.S. agricultural exports to the EU.
		As a result, in part due to the novel nature of GM foods and cultural factors relating to food, European consumers are particularly wary of biotech crops.
		The Pew Initiative on Food and Biotechnology is a nonprofit, nonpartisan research project whose goal is to inform the public and policymakers on issues about genetically modified food and agricultural biotechnology, including its importance, as well as concerns about it and its regulation.
	www.biotech-info.net /dispute.html (630 words)

	Genetically Modified Organisms - Social and Economic Policy - Global Policy Forum
		GM foods cannot alleviate hunger; but may actually have the opposite effect, as they are more expensive for farmers to grow and allow corporations to have greater control over farmers’ income.
		This article argues that the basis for persuading farmers in poor countries to use Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) is a deep and racist “failure to appreciate traditional farming.” The article disputes claims that GMOs are necessary to alleviate famine, recommending that instead we assist the world’s small farmers.
		The battle over exporting genetically modified seeds to Africa continues at the G8 conference in Evian.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/trade/gmos/index.htm (2939 words)

	Trade war over genetically modified food Essays from EssayTailor - High-quality custom term paper and custom essay ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
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	www.essaytailor.com.cob-web.org:8888 /topic-trade-war-over-genetically-modified-food.html (231 words)

	Friends of the Earth: Press Releases: : NO WINNERS IN GM TRADE WAR AS WTO MAKES RULING PUBLIC
		The call comes as the World Trade Organisation (WTO) publishes its final ruling on the transatlantic trade dispute on genetically modified (GM) foods [1] the longest in WTO history.
		Sonja Meister, Trade Campaigner at Friends of the Earth Europe said, "This ruling shows that the WTO is the wrong forum to deal with environmental trade disputes and the international community must find an alternative before another case occurs.
		It is very likely that citizens in the EU have eaten the illegal genetically modified rice before and even since the contamination was discovered.
	www.foe.co.uk /resource/press_releases/no_winners_in_gm_trade_war_29092006.html (669 words)

	Trade information - Search.com
		Trading can also refer to the action performed by the stock traders and other market agents in the stock markets.
		As of mid-2005, there is a proposal for a Central American Free Trade Agreement, which would also include the United States and the Dominican Republic.
		The Doha round began in Doha, Qatar, and negotiations have subsequently continued in: Cancún, Mexico; Geneva, Switzerland; and Paris, France and Hong Kong.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Trade (2659 words)

	Global Watch
		Corporations such as Monsanto are aggressively trying to promote it (60% of all processed foods contain genetically modified ingredients, and most people do not know about this...) but there has been a huge backlash from scientists as well as activists.
		But, prevention of labelling in the name of "free" trade and patenting of hundreds or even thousands year old indigenous knowledge (what some call biopiracy) suggests other interests are at play while raising also issues to do with Intellectual property rights...
		While the acceptance of GM Food is important an issue, so is the way it is being handled as it can be an indication as to how many other issues will be handled.
	www.zmag.org /GlobalWatch/GEFood.html (1014 words)

	U.S., EU split over genetically modified food - The Washington Times: Business (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The United States and the European Union are moving further apart in their disagreement over genetically modified food, Europe's top trade official said yesterday.
		we have to mention as not being fixed and maybe not taking exactly the right direction, which is [genetically modified crops], where we have a difference and we haven't yet found the right balance to live with this difference," said Pascal Lamy, the EU trade commissioner.
		Bush and his top trade envoy, Robert B. Zoellick, have said that EU policy on genetically modified crops contributes to starvation in Africa as those nations refuse to accept the technology, largely out of fear they will be unable to export biotech-derived products to Europe.
	www.washtimes.com.cob-web.org:8888 /business/20030625-092842-4900r.htm (581 words)

	Friends of the Earth: Press Releases: 2003: EU MEETS US OVER GM TRADE WAR
		The US started proceedings against the EU's de facto moratorium through the World Trade Organisation (WTO) on 13th May 2003, along with Argentina, Canada and Egypt, and supported by nine other countries.
		But as the trade war reaches its first stage, Friends of the Earth pointed out that the coalition, and its arguments, are "weak and on shaky ground".This is because:
		In a letter to the European Commission the Peruvian Ministry of Trade stated that according to the 'Law on Transgenic Foods and Genetically Modified Organisms', it is strictly prohibited in Peru to import, by any means, produce, sell and/or market transgenic foods and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for human or animal consumption.
	www.foe.co.uk /resource/press_releases/eu_meets_us_over_gm_trade.html (640 words)

	National Post
		Genetically modified food a looming threat to trade talks:
		genetically modified food and, to no one's amazement, it has
		reason, food modification reeks of cloning, and portends danger.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~pubconf/Media/gmtrade.html (648 words)

	AgBioView Newsletter on Agricultural Biotechnology
		of WTO trade negotiations in which the U.S. is trying to persuade the EU to lower absurdly high agricultural subsidies.
		use a bio trade war with the U.S. as an excuse to derail the Doha Round.
		genetically modified organisms will not be examined in the dispute.
	www.agbioworld.org /newsletter_wm/index.php?caseid=archive&newsid=1666 (8342 words)

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