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Topic: Traditional Chinese musical instruments

	Study to Play Traditional Chinese Music Instruments
		Thus, woodwind instruments are blown, plucking instruments are plucked, string instruments are bowed and percussion instruments are struck.
		The Zheng, commonly known as Guzheng, is a plucked string instrument that is part of the zither family, related to the Japanese koto, the Vietnamese dan tranh and the Korean kayagum.
		The instrument is commonly used in the accompaniment to local theaters or singing and dancing, and also for solos or ensembles on such occasions as weddings, funerals or other ceremonies and celebrations.
	www.damo-qigong.net /taoism/music.htm (2720 words)

	Chinese musical instruments - string instruments: guqin,yangqin,Konghou,erhu,sanxian,liuqin...
		Ruan Xian and Ji Kang, master of guqin (Chinese 7-stringed zither), are most famous for their musical achievements and the life as true artists.
		The instrument was originally made from a horse head for the body, horse skin for the resonator, and horse hair for the strings and bow.
		Note: In Chinese, most of the stringed instruments are called "qin" with few exceptions that are named differently, for instance, pipa and erhu (however, erhu is often called Huqin).
	www.philmultic.com /home/instruments (1294 words)

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		Another "blown" instrument, the Chinese pan flute, or p'al-nsTao, is one of the most ancient of Chinese musical instruments, and is similar to its Western counterpart.
		In traditional Chinese opera, the percussion section is referred to as wu-ch'ang literally, "martial scene." The player of the pan-ku, a small drum for keeping time, directs the rest of the orchestra through his different methods and positions of striking his instrument.
		And classes on traditional Chinese musical instruments are held in elementary, junior high, and senior high schools, a further reflection of the popularity of Chinese music in Taiwan today.
	tsa.uconn.edu /music.html (1018 words)

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		One chamber music tradition which gained popularity was the combination of the Qin and the Xiao (vertical bamboo flute), the latter chosen for its quiet tone and its status as an ancient and pure indigenous instrument.
		The modern Pipa is a popular solo instrument with a large and varied repertoire, a central instrument in various chamber music ensembles and a prominent member of the plucked strings in the modern traditional Chinese orchestra.
		Musical Techniques and Characteristics Today the Muyu are used in conjunction with other types of wood blocks to produce incisive punctuation or a steady “clip-clop” effect in the music of the modern traditional Chinese orchestra and certain types of percussion music.
	www.plu.edu /~youtzgl/essays/silk/Chchap8.doc (11873 words)

	Chinese traditional musical instruments: pipa and guzheng
		The pipa is a four-stringed Lute, one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments which appeared in Chinese written texts of the second century BC.
		The modern instrument is half-pear-shaped, with a short, bent neck, and has 30 frets which extend down the neck and onto the soundboard, giving a wide range and a complete chromatic scale.
		Guzheng (or zheng) is a plucked string instrument that is part of the zither family, related to the Japanese koto, Vietnamese dan tranh and Korean kayagum.
	www.geocities.com /lfpipa/Pipaeng.html (1030 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The orchestra is divided into 4 sections, classified by the type of instruments namely the Wind, Bowed String, Plucked String and Percussion, A few western instruments have also been incorporated into the orchestra, like the cello and double bass, to provide lower notes which are necessary for a better instrumental blend.
		Thus, woodwind instruments are blown, plucked string instruments are plucked, bowed string instruments are bowed and percussion instruments are struck.
		Traditional Chinese musical instruments were formerly divided into eight groups according to their materials: gourd, earthenware, hide, wood, stone, bronze, silk and bamboo.
	www.megspace.com /arts/chengsanechoes/chineseorchestra.htm (305 words)

	Instrument Musical Rochester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The writing is lively instrument musical rochester and personal, instrument musical rochester and is accompanied by a generous number of drawings instrument musical rochester and photos of players instrument musical rochester and their instruments.
		The book opens with a historical outline of Japan's musical life, then moves on to its religious music, Shinto instrument musical rochester and Buddhist; its court music; the music of the Noh drama; instrument musical rochester and the music of specific instruments: biwa, shakuhachi, koto, instrument musical rochester and shamisen.
		Today the definition of "being educated in music" is challenging: it includes a deep understanding of music, the ability to reflect on one's own progress, knowing how to practice independently instrument musical rochester and efficiently, instrument musical rochester and the ability to transfer knowledge instrument musical rochester and skills to new situations.
	www.wolfmanjackfoundation.com /instrumentmusicalrochester.html (1045 words)

	Culture Capsules: ESL Student Writing Project
		Music took an important position on many occasions in ancient Chinese life.(1) In early China, music was performed for royal and noble groups.
		Second, bowed instruments, such as a Saw Sam Sai (photo) (sound) (2)and a Saw U (photo) (sound) (3), are made of half a coconut shell for their body.
		The Ta phon, which is one of the rhythm instruments, is used in the piphat ensemble, which is a type of ensemble that is comprised of percussion and wind instruments.
	www.lclark.edu /~krauss/culturecapsules2002/changweb/chang.html (1573 words)

	Memphis Musical Instrument (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Musical instrument - A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified with the purpose of making music.
		Period instrument music - Period instruments, or playing on period instruments refers to performance of classical music on the original instruments of Renaissance, Baroque or Classicism, or using the historical replicas of the original instruments preserved in the museums.
		Traditional Chinese musical instruments - Traditional Chinese musical instruments comprise a wide range of string instruments (both bowed and plucked), wind instruments, and percussion instruments.
	www.wolfmanjackfoundation.com /memphismusicalinstrument.html (393 words)

	Chinese Music,Chinese Traditional Music,China Music Guide,Music of China
		Traditional Chinese music is ruled by the five musical elements quite distinct from Western music.
		One cannot also ignore the fact that Chinese music is sung in the Chinese language, that left many, a wonder struck and sometimes considered it, as odd and unimaginable.
		This instrument continues to be the supreme musical representative of the literati culture.
	china.tourism-asia.net /chinese-music.html (577 words)

	Destiny, the Culture of China - Traditional Musical Instruments
		As the instrument uses a banjo-like membrane as the sounding board, the resulting sound is unlike the cello, however.
		The Di, or Di-tz, is the traditional Chinese flute.
		This is one of the oldest varieties of Chinese instruments, and consista of a bundle of between 17 to 36 pipes seated on a small wind chamber.
	library.thinkquest.org /20443/instruments.html (757 words)

	Chinese Traditional Music
		While European music was at its infancy 3,000 years ago, a complete musical theory and sophisticated musical instruments have already blossomed in China, owing largely to the orthodox ritual music advocated by Confucius.
		Commercial contacts with Central Asia brought foreign music to China in the form of the p'i-p'a, or lute, and the hu-ch'in, a vertically-held violin.
		Chinese musical instruments can be divided into four basic categories based on the method by which they are played: "blown," "bowed," "plucked," and "struck" instruments.
	www.tuvy.com /chinese/info/traditional_music.htm (209 words)

	China: Classical Music
		Somewhat unusually, instrumental performance has long had a certain kind of pre-eminence in Chinese art music, as scholars of all disciplines were expected to become proficient in it.
		Chinese music is basically pentatonic-diatonic, meaning that the basic pentatonic scale can be modulated within a diatonic context.
		This is the most characteristic instrument of the Chinese classical orchestra, described in writing as early as the Han Dynasty, and found in variants thoughout the area.
	www.medieval.org /music/world/china.html (1390 words)

	SFGMS - Chinese Musical Instruments
		These instruments are used for traditional music, classical music, folk music, and modern music and compositions (there are also many other older instruments used by the many Minority groups in China).
		Erhu 二胡 - the Chinese two string violin with metal strings, tuned a fifth interval apart, to D and A, or sometimes to C and G. "Huqin" is the name for this family of Chinese bowed instruments; and "qin" is the general name for an instrument.
		Traditionally in eastern Mongolia the fingerboard is played normally like a violin, and the instrument is also called the Chaoer, but in western Mongolia, traditionally the string is played where the bottom of the nail meets the skin of the finger, so that the sound is produced with both the nail and the finger.
	www.guzheng.org /Text/music_instrument.htm (1263 words)

	Destiny, the Culture of China - Traditional Chinese Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The orthodox ritual music advocated by Confucius was largely responsible for this Chinese interest in and mastery of music.
		Chinese musical instruments can be divided into four basic categories based on the method by which they are played: blown, bowed, plucked, and struck (i.e.
		In traditional Chinese orchestras, the combination of all the different instruments served to create a harmonious and beautiful auditory atmosphere.
	library.thinkquest.org /20443/traditional_music.html (502 words)

	instrument
		Bowed instruments became popular in China during the Sung Dynasty (960 to 1279 AD) The Hu-Qin, the predecessor of the Erhu, is a barbarian instrument which was said to have been brought into China at the time of Han dynasty (140 B.C).
		The traditional style of playing is rich in ornamentation, giving the music a deep three-dimensional quality Difficult performing techniques and advanced finger positions, have been developed over the years to increase the capability of the instrument to express its music vividly.
		Early Chinese thinkers viewed music as a crucial aspect of culture, and they wrote about it with attention to its moral value and its role in a larger cosmological understanding of the world around them.
	www.brentroman.com /file/instrument.htm (711 words)

	China Music, Chinese Music: Travel China Guide.com
		Traditional Chinese music can be traced back 7,000 – 8,000 years based on the discovery of a bone flute made in the Neolithic Age.
		Traditional Chinese musical instruments can be divided into four categories: stringed instruments, percussion instruments, plucked instruments, and wind instruments.
		The traditional music work 'Spring Moonlight on the Flowers by the River', which has a history of over one hundred years, has brought harmony and a sense of beauty to untold numbers of people.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/arts/chinese-music.htm (996 words)

	Traditional Chinese musical instruments - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Muyu (Traditional Chinese: 木魚; Simplified Chinese: 木鱼; pinyin: mùyú) - A rounded woodblock carved in the shape of a fish, struck with a wooden stick.
		Hulusheng (Traditional Chinese: 葫盧笙; Simplified Chinese: 葫芦笙; pinyin: húlúshēng) - A free reed mouth organ with a gourd wind chest; used primarily in Yunnan province
		Chinese instruments are either played solo, or collectively in large orchestras (as in the former imperial court) or in smaller ensembles (in teahouses or public gatherings).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Traditional_Chinese_musical_instruments (1369 words)

	Chinese Traditional Music - Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A fourth instrument, the bawu, has a single free reed set in a flute-like body and is found mainly among the Iu Mien (Yi), Hmong (Miao) and Hani peoples in South-West China.
		The tone of the modern instrument lends itself to depicting optimism, though the traditional instrument was was often played with a more reflective sound.
		In ensemble music where there is no conductor the yangqin often appears to have a role similar to the harpsichord's in baroque music.
	www.cechinatrans.demon.co.uk /ctm-inst.html (1147 words)

	Chinese Musical Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Chinese music and musical instruments are quite wonderful.
		An Introduction to Traditional Chinese musical instruments String instruments erhu, guqin, guzheng(zheng), konghou, liuqin, morin khur, pipa, ruan, sanxian, yangqin, yueqin,...
		Music From China (MFC) is a musical ensemble that invokes the delicacy and power of both traditional and contemporary Chinese music.
	www.flamtrap.com /chinese-musical-instruments.html (130 words)

	Chinese Music,A Brief Introduction to Traditional Chinese Music
		These are famous examples of traditional Chinese musical compositions, all of which can transport the listener into a whole new sensory world.
		The development of traditional Chinese music in the Taiwan on Taiwan can generally be divided into two categories.
		There are currently three professional orchestras in the Taiwan on Taiwan that give frequent public performances of Chinese music: the Taipei Municipal Orchestra, the Chinese Music Orchestra of the Broadcasting Corporation of China (BCC), and the Experimental Chinese Orchestra of the National Taiwan Academy of the Arts.
	www.chinatownconnection.com /chinese_music.htm (599 words)

	Traditional Chinese Musical Instruments: The Bowed String Family
		Chinese music is influenced by the teachings of Confucius, who thought of music as a means of soothing one’s passions and of chasing away conflict and desire.
		This is also the leading accompanying musical instrument for northern Chinese tunes or ballads, especially for the local operas in Henan Province in central China.
		The Sihu is a four-stringed bowed musical instrument used as accompaniment for the local operas in the North, such as Sanxi, Shanxi and Neimonggu in Inner Mongolia
	www.char4u.com /article_info.php?articles_id=29 (337 words)

	Comparing Traditional Chinese Music and Modern Chinese Music
		Traditional Chinese musical instruments produce unique sounds that affect the variations in tone quality, beat, rhythm and embellishments that are very different from Western music.
		Although these instruments can also be classified into percussion, woodwind, plucked strings and bowed strings just like Western musical instruments, their distinct make, the materials used in their creation and the manner in which they are played are what make them different.
		Aside from the difference in language that make a Chinese song distinctive, the utilization of traditional Chinese musical instruments, their incorporation with Western musical instruments and the adoption of western styles and conventions in singing are what make modern Chinese music unique.
	www.char4u.com /article_info.php?articles_id=28 (360 words)

	Chinese Music in Malaysia
		Modern Chinese Orchestra or hua yue tuan in Malaysia is documented by Tan Sooi Beng (1983).
		Two other instruments are also included in this family of instruments, the gu-zheng or zither, and the yang-qin which is a dulcimer played using bamboo beaters.
		The wind section is smaller than is usual in western orchestras, consisting of variously sized di-zi or Chinese transverse flutes, xiao or vertical flutes, sheng which is a mouth organ and suona or Chinese reed aerophone.
	www.musicmall-asia.com /malaysia/classical/chinese.html (375 words)

	Chinese instruments
		The Chinese believe that music is an expression of harmony that exists among heaven, earth and man, and nature has provided man with eight kinds of such materials to build musical instruments.
		Therefore traditionally, Chinese instruments are also classified according to the type of material they are made from.
		Most Chinese instruments are performed as solo form as well as a part of an ensemble or orchestra.
	www.chinesemusic.co.uk /english/InstrumentsPage.htm (373 words)

	China Music, Chinese Music: Travel China Guide.com (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, only royal families and dignitary officials enjoyed music, which was made on chimes and bells.
		This was also a period when many traditional musical instruments were developed such as the pipa, the flute, and the zither.
		During the Ming (1368 - 1644) and Qing Dynasties (1644 - 1911), the art of traditional opera developed rapidly and diversely in different regions.
	www.travelchinaguide.com.cob-web.org:8888 /intro/arts/chinese-music.htm (1006 words)

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