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Topic: Traffic calming

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	Neighborhood Streets Network: What is Traffic Calming?
		Traffic calming is the combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and improve conditions for non-motorized street users.
		Traffic calming is a set of street designs and traffic rules that slow and reduce traffic while encouraging walkers and cyclists to share the street.
		Traffic calming devices are physically self-enforcing-drivers are forced to slow down to avoid an uncomfortable ride, and possible damage to their cars.
	www.transalt.org /campaigns/nsn/trafficcalming.html (884 words)

	trafficCalming
		Traffic calming is the practice of trying to manage speeds and/or volumes of traffic on residential streets using one or more approaches: increased police enforcement, education, or physical changes to the roadway.
		To initiate a traffic study of the street proposed for traffic calming, a formal request is required from the neighborhood association that includes the street proposed for traffic calming, or a petition from residents along the street proposed for traffic calming.
		A proposal for traffic calming must be supported by a simple majority of the residential dwelling units responding to the questionnaire in order to be considered for implementation.
	www.iowa-city.com /city/planning/trafficCalming.htm (637 words)

	Traffic Calming
		Traffic calming publicly began with a grant from the State of Montana which funded a workshop in November 1995 for neighborhood groups and others.
		Alternatively, a traffic calming project may be implemented by the neighborhood exclusively, subject to approval by the city as to location and design, in order to accommodate neighborhood enhancement.
		Traffic calming strategies should be selected from proven methodologies for their specific appropriateness to the identified problems.
	www.ci.missoula.mt.us /publicworks/calming.htm (2156 words)

	Traffic Calming Policy
		The term "Traffic Calming" is used to describe methods of altering the behavior of traffic to suit the character of the area it moves through.
		Traffic Calming is a form of traffic planning that seeks to equalize the use of streets between automobiles, pedestrians, bicyclists, and playing children.
		Traffic calming also attempts to make drivers aware of the fact that they are sharing the space of a street with other users.
	www.lakelandgov.net /publicworks/pwtraffic/CPOLICY.html (642 words)

	design and engineering : traffic calming
		The Cyclists Touring Club published a special report on cyclists and traffic calming which was generally supportive but warned of the dangers of poorly designed traffic calming techniques that could indeed make life harder for bicyclists.
		In certain situations, traffic calming techniques may be used to reduce the number of motor vehicles traveling along particular streets, and can increase the number of bicyclists.
		Traffic calming techniques can be used to provide better roadway conditions for bicyclists by better defining the space available to each mode, by improving intersection design for nonmotorized users and by giving greater priority to their movement.
	www.bicyclinginfo.org /de/calm.htm (771 words)

	Traffic Calming - National Motorists Association
		Misguided proponents of "traffic calming" always fail to realize that the reason they are seeing more traffic on their residential streets is because the same tactics have already been applied to main arterials and collector streets.
		Traffic obstruction advocates are local residents, usually few in number, who have decided to rid their street of unwanted traffic.
		Traffic engineers are often stymied in their attempts to stop the improper use of traffic control devices, like stop signs, because they have no support from the citizenry.
	www.motorists.org /issues/engineering/SayNOToTrafficCalming.html (1575 words)

	Brookline Transportation Board Main
		When a resident or neighborhood association states its desire for “traffic calming” on a street, they are expressing their belief that motorists are not driving at the speed limit, or that their street is experiencing an unnecessarily high volume of traffic that is not generated by adjacent properties.
		In general terms, a traffic calming plan is a list of actions or devices found to be effective in reducing vehicle speeds, changing traffic flows, or altering driver behavior so as to create safer conditions for residents, motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians on a specific street or streets.
		On a larger scale, traffic calming might involve the wholesale reconstruction of a street to include the installation of speed humps, raised crosswalks, or curb extensions to shorten pedestrian crossing distances.
	www.townofbrooklinemass.com /transportation/calming.html (543 words)

	TrafficCalming.org - brought to you by Fehr & Peers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Traffic calming involves changes in street alignment, installation of barriers, and other physical measures to reduce traffic speeds and/or cut-through volumes, in the interest of street safety, livability, and other public purposes.
		Traffic calming involves altering of motorist behaviour on a street or on a street network.
		Traffic calming consists of operational measures such as enhanced police enforcement, speed displays, and a community speed watch program, as well as such physical measures as edgelines, chokers, chicanes, traffic circles, and (for the past four years) speed humps and raised crosswalks.
	www.trafficcalming.org /definition.html (174 words)

	Online TDM Encyclopedia - Traffic Calming
		Traffic Calming involves Context Sensitive Design practices, which means that roadway planners and engineers have flexible standards that can accommodate community values and balanced objectives.
		Traffic Calming is one component of Area Traffic Management, which includes various strategies to control traffic volumes, control traffic speeds, manage transportation demand, educate and enforce traffic and pedestrian facility rules, improve the Streetscape design, and improve street environments (City of Ottawa, 2004).
		Traffic Calming that significantly reduces a barrier to non-motorized travel (for example, by making it easier to walk across an arterial from one major activity center to another or creating a pleasant bicycle travel corridor where none otherwise exists) may have significant travel impacts in an area.
	www.vtpi.org /tdm/tdm4.htm (2011 words)

	Lesson 11: Traffic Calming
		Traffic calming is a traffic management approach that evolved in Europe and is now being implemented in many U.S. cities.
		Although traffic calming shifts the balance among travel modes, this shift should not result in severely restricted traffic volumes or in shifting traffic problems from the traffic-calmed area to other streets.
		Traffic calming is not a panacea for urban transportation woes, but it can have significant benefits in many situations.
	safety.fhwa.dot.gov /ped_bike/univcourse/swless11.htm (7968 words)

	Traffic calming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Calming measures are common in Europe, especially Northern Europe; less so in North America.
		Because neighborhood traffic management studies have shown that often it is the residents themselves who are contributing to the perceived speeding problem within the neighborhood, it is stressed that the most effective traffic calming plans will entail all three components, and that engineering measures alone will not produce satisfactory results.
		Some additional traffic calming techniques that are often used are speed humps, speed cushions, and speed tables.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Traffic_calming (768 words)

	A Review of Traffic Calming Techniques
		A recent survey of 35 British calming schemes, with the majority including vertical shifts in the carriageway, found that the average reduction in the 85 percentile speed was 16kph[6].
		The impact of traffic calming schemes on accident levels is generally related to both the speed reducing effect of the scheme, and on any reduction in traffic levels as a consequence of it.
		Traffic calming has succeeded in moderating vehicle speeds, and made crossing easier for pedestrians at an overall cost of £320,000 for a 0.5km length of road.
	www.its.leeds.ac.uk /projects/primavera/p_calming.html (5029 words)

	PA Neighborhood Traffic Calming
		A local traffic advisory committee is a standing committee composed of a group of people in local jurisdictions that assist with implementing traffic calming.
		Early on in the traffic calming process a walkabout is a good way to expose the community and municipal staff to the existing traffic situation and improvement opinions.
		It is important to measure the support for traffic calming from all residents, businesses, and people located in the project area; everyone should be given the opportunity to state his or her view, get involved, and affect the plan.
	www.students.bucknell.edu /projects/trafficcalming/Employ/ComInv.html (3489 words)

	Fremont North Neighborhood Council: Traffic Calming Policy
		B. The Traffic Engineer shall determine whether the street is eligible for the installation of traffic calming devices and whether the petition was signed by the required number of residents.
		D. When the traffic study is complete, the Traffic Engineer shall determine whether the installation of traffic calming devices in the street, at the locations selected by the petitioners or elsewhere, is appropriate.
		E. If the Traffic Engineer determines that the installation of traffic calming devices in the street is not appropriate, the Traffic Engineer shall so notify the petitioner's representative and return the petition to him or her.
	fnnc.org /traffic.html (1974 words)

	TRAFFIC CALMING TECHNIQUES
		Area wide traffic calming schemes seek to calm both the main roads and the residential roads in an area so as to ameliorate the impact of any traffic transfer as a consequence of traffic calming.
		A recent survey of 35 British calming schemes, with the majority including vertical shifts in the carriageway, found that the average reduction in the 85 percentile speed was 16kph[10mph][6].
		The key to successful traffic calming is acceptance by the local community, and this can only be achieved by involving them in the preparation, design and implementation of the scheme.
	highlands.com /pdra/reports/eurorept.html (4425 words)

	Traffic Calming 101 \| Project for Public Spaces (PPS)
		Developed in Europe, traffic calming (a direct translation of the German "vekehrsberuhigung") is a system of design and management strategies that aim to balance traffic on streets with other uses.
		Traffic calming measures can make the trip to the transit station more walkable and convenient, while providing space for amenities to make the trip more pleasant.
		Traffic calming creates a set of checks and balances that compel those at the wheel to drive slowly and carefully, making streets safer for both drivers and pedestrians.
	www.pps.org /transportation/info/trans_articles/livememtraffic (2182 words)

	ITE - Traffic Calming - Selected Reports
		Traffic calming is receiving considerable attention in Canadian municipalities, but there is considerable variation in how traffic calming is defined, and how measures are applied in different communities.
		A detailed review of the applicability and effectiveness of a wide range of measures and a step-by-step process for developing a neighbourhood traffic calming plan with active participation from the community are included.
		Defines traffic calming, explains its role in transportation planning and neighbourhood planning, and identifies issues related to designing and implementing traffic calming plans.
	www.ite.org /traffic/tcstate.htm (637 words)

	Second generation traffic calming (kottke.org)
		Salon recently ran an article on the relatively new school of thought about traffic management called second generation traffic calming.
		Reversing decades of conventional wisdom on traffic engineering, Hamilton-Baillie argues that the key to improving both safety and vehicular capacity is to remove traffic lights and other controls, such as stop signs and the white and yellow lines dividing streets into lanes.
		It was a marvel of self-organizing behavior, with buses, pedicabs, pedestrians, cyclists, taxis, cars, and motorcycles forming temporary lanes of traffic that would weaken and yield to newly formed lanes of flow.
	www.kottke.org /04/06/traffic-calming (706 words)

	Traffic Calming - Gloucester Ontario Canada
		Traffic calming is most effectively viewed as frustration and anger reduction, for drivers and for residents.
		Calming measures proposed for this section are moderate, to contain the desirability of shortcutting.
		Traffic calming has costs besides concrete - every 2-3 months, a vehicle runs over one of the structures, and the sign has to be repaired or replaced.
	www.sankey.ws /calming.html (2908 words)

	Bike Plan Source Traffic Calming
		Traffic calming, simply put, involves physical measures intended to (1) slow motor vehicle traffic down; (2) discourage motorists from using a particular street or network of streets; (3) or both.
		Slowing traffic is typically accomplished through the use of raised sections of roadway, as in a speed table, or stretches of road that are narrower than normal, as in a squeeze point or so-called "skinny streets", or stretches that shift the road's alignment, as in a chicane.
		Traffic calming must be seen as a neighborhood-wide and, preferably, a community-wide program.
	www.bikeplan.com /calm.htm (912 words)

	Traffic Calming - FHWA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The term "traffic calming" is often described as the combination of mainly physical measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use and improve conditions for nonmotorized street users.
		However, the term "traffic calming" also applies to a number of transportation techniques developed to educate the public and provide awareness to unsafe driver behavior.
		As traffic calming techniques often differ, techniques include police enforcement and education only in some areas.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /environment/tcalm (136 words)

	Minnesota Traffic Calming Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Traffic calming is still relatively new in the United States with few traffic calming engineering standards to reference.
		Numerous projects have been implemented across the United States and internationally, but there is a common concern that traffic calming projects successfully implemented in other areas of the country may not be effective in Minnesota due to the installation and maintenance challenges presented by the Minnesota climate.
		For more information about the Traffic Calming in Minnesota Web site or if you are a city/county engineer and would like to add a project to this database, send email to info@mn-traffic-calming.org.
	mn-traffic-calming.org (249 words)

	Data Collection Guidelines
		Since different traffic calming techniques are used to address different traffic problems, the type of data that should be collected will vary based on the device and traffic concern being addressed.
		In order to determine the effectiveness of a traffic calming device, it is important to accurately compare before-and-after data that is appropriate for the device and to maintain consistency in the location and timing of data collection.
		The guidelines for collecting traffic calming data were established for use by local agencies to determine the effectiveness of various traffic calming devices.
	mn-traffic-calming.org /xml/bmp.xml (1940 words)

	Traffic Calming Law
		But for the time being, traffic calming here is more likely to be used to redesign major pedestrian crossings and create slow speed zones on neighborhood streets.
		For the purposes of this paragraph, "traffic calming measures" shall mean any physical engineering measure or measures that reduce the negative effects of motor vehicle use, alter driver behavior and improve conditions for non-motorized street users such as pedestrians and bicyclists.
		Those streets with traffic calming devices can have their speed limits set as low as 15mph and be signed accordingly.
	www.transalt.org /campaigns/reclaiming/traffic_bill.html (876 words)

	PA Neighborhood Traffic Calming
		If you have ever slowed your vehicle and driven over a speed hump, navigated a traffic island, or traveled down a tree-lined street, you have experienced traffic calming first hand.
		Traffic calming works to improve the quality of life in a community by reducing the speed and/or volume of traffic to levels that correspond to the class of the road and that are appropriate for the neighboring activity.
		The material here is intended to help one determine which traffic calming measures are appropriate for a particular community, and to facilitate the implementation of these measures.
	www.students.bucknell.edu /projects/trafficcalming (244 words)

	Traffic Calming
		Traffic Calming is a way to manage traffic so that its negative impacts on residents, pedestrians and schools are minimized.
		Traffic calming solutions can range from the installation of a crosswalk near an elementary school to the installation of traffic islands to slow or restrict traffic movements.
		Traffic Calming does not work by itself, but requires neighborhood support to keep our streets safe.
	www.sanjoseca.gov /transportation/traffic_calming.htm (528 words)

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