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Topic: Trafficking in human beings

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Human trafficking

People smuggling

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	Trafficking in Human Beings
		"Trafficking in persons" is intended to include a range of cases where human beings are exploited by organized crime groups, where there is an element of duress involved and a transnational aspect, such as the movement of people across borders or their exploitation within a country by a transnational organized crime group.
		Trafficking is the "...recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons..." by improper means, such as force, abduction, fraud or coercion, for an improper purpose, like forced or coerced labour, servitude, slavery or sexual exploitation.
		Trafficked persons would be entitled to confidentiality and have some protection against offenders, in general and when they provide evidence or assistance to law enforcement or appear as witnesses in prosecutions or similar proceedings.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/trafficking_protocol.html (890 words)

	EUROPA - Justice and Home Affairs - Freedom, Security and Justice - Human beings (trafficking)
		The EU Council of Ministers has adopted a Framework Decision on combating trafficking in human beings and on combating sexual exploitation of children and child pornography as well as a Directive on short term residence permits for trafficked victims, who cooperate with the competent authorities.
		Trafficking in human beings as defined by EU law is not only a crime aiming at the sexual or labour exploitation of persons, mainly at the sexual exploitation of women and children.
		Their aim was to raise awareness about the dangers of trafficking in human beings, to assist potential victims and to support relevant authorities in the countries to increase their institutional capacity to deal with the trafficking problems.
	ec.europa.eu /justice_home/fsj/crime/trafficking/wai/fsj_crime_human_trafficking_en.htm (1784 words)

	Trafficking in Human Beings
		Trafficking in human beings is a global issue, but a lack of systematic research means that reliable data on the trafficking of human beings that would allow comparative analyses and the design of countermeasures is scarce.
		The Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings (GPAT) was designed by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in collaboration with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) and launched in March 1999.
		Specific intervention measures are being introduced that are designed to strengthen the capacity to combat forms of trafficking at the national and international levels.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/trafficking_human_beings.html (850 words)

	Investigating and Prosecuting Trafficking in Human Beings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Trafficking in human beings is said to be one of the most profitable organised crimes after drug trafficking and arms smuggling.
		As one of its patterns trafficking in foreign women for the purpose of sexual exploitation and prostitution is receiving increasing public attention.
		It delineates the legal framework and the presently known phenomenological particularities of trafficking followed by a survey on the organisation of preliminary proceedings in trafficking cases, with special emphasis on the role of the police.
	www.iuscrim.mpg.de /forsch/krim/herz_e.html (1538 words)

	Trafficking in human beings in Georgia and the CIS Demokratizatsiya - Find Articles
		Trafficking in human beings in Georgia and the CIS
		Because trafficking is transnational, efforts need to be focused on international legislation to combat trafficking, and the leaders of all countries need to back the passage of such legislation.
		The Criminal Code associates the term "human trafficking" with activities such as kidnapping, illegally depriving a person of their freedom, using brothels for sexual purposes, involving adolescents in prostitution, and different forms of sexual violence and seduction.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200107/ai_n8954135 (697 words)

	The Draft European Convention against Trafficking in Human Beings must be strengthened - news.amnesty - Amnesty ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is an offence to the dignity and integrity of the human being and by its very nature - involving coercion and/or deception and exploitation - victims of trafficking are subjected to a range of human rights abuses.
		However, all too often, trafficked persons are misidentified by the authorities as undocumented and illegal migrants; they are often treated as criminals rather than victims of serious human rights abuses and are sent quickly back to their countries of origin, where many risk reprisals and/or re-trafficking.
		That trafficked persons are not detained, charged or prosecuted for the illegality of their entry into or residence in a country, or for their involvement in unlawful activities that are a consequence of their situation as trafficked persons
	news.amnesty.org /index/ENGIOR300222004 (882 words)

	DURBAR - IT(P)A
		In all sectors of the labour market some human beings are trafficked, but not all and, this is true of the sex sector too.
		Trafficked labour in the sex sector is indeed a very small part of the total number of workers trafficked into and from our labour market.
		These are the realities of: sexual exploitation of girls and child brides in the vast majority of our homes, where trafficking begins; our stunted, topsy-turvy yet multi-faceted sexual culture; our sex-ratio imbalances; our avoidance of sex education; and the reality of human trafficking in our vast human ocean of wage less slavery.
	www.durbar.org /new/itpa01.html (1151 words)

	UNICEF - Child protection from violence, exploitation and abuse - Trafficking and sexual exploitation
		Trafficking in children is a global problem affecting large numbers of children.
		Children and their families are often unaware of the dangers of trafficking, believing that better employment and lives lie in other countries.
		Large numbers of children are being trafficked in West and Central Africa, mainly for domestic work but also for sexual exploitation and to work in shops or on farms.
	www.unicef.org /protection/index_exploitation.html (458 words)

	HumanTrafficking.org \| News & Updates: What Do People in Bosnia & Herzegovina Think about Trafficking in Human Beings? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Trafficking in human beings is present in poor countries, countries in transition, where difficult material conditions and lack of education make victims vulnerable to trafficking, in their pursuit of a promised, better life.
		Trafficking in human beings, especially in women and children, is a lucrative business today.
		Trafficking in human beings is usually connected to prostitution, and our media only focus on that aspect of trafficking.
	www.humantrafficking.org /updates/417 (312 words)

	Human Trafficking - Stop Violence Against Women
		Human trade, slave markets, the buying and selling of people – these are words and phrases that, to many people, echo a brutal and distant time in our past.
		Trafficking is a global phenomenon where victims are sexually exploited, forced into labor and subjected to abuse.
		Trafficking places individuals in extremely vulnerable circumstances where their basic human rights are violated, including the rights to life, liberty, personal security, privacy, mental and physical integrity, freedom from slavery, and freedom from torture and other forms of inhumane or degrading treatment.
	www.amnestyusa.org /women/trafficking (600 words)

	Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings
		The Global Programme against Trafficking in Human Beings was designed by the Centre for International Crime Prevention (CICP), in collaboration with the United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI), to assist Member States to combat the growing involvement of organized crime groups in what amounts to a new slave trade.
		Human trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons by the threat or use of force, by abduction, fraud or deception, for the purpose of sexual exploitation or forced labour.
		Assessment of the scope of trafficking of humans by organized crime groups, although difficult, is indispensable for the development of an effective counter-strategy at the international, regional and national levels.
	www.uncjin.org /CICP/Folder/traff.htm (483 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Programmes \| From Our Own Correspondent \| Nigeria's 'respectable' slave trade
		"Trafficking in human beings" is a phrase guaranteed to cause a sharp intake of breath among listeners from the liberal and affluent and concerned West.
		When that debt was paid, her trafficker shopped her to the Italian immigration authorities and she was repatriated, home to Benin City, Nigeria with nothing to show for her ordeal.
		For human trafficking is not something that happens on the criminal fringes of Nigerian society.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/3632203.stm (938 words)

	Criminal Justice Resources : Human Trafficking
		Trafficking in human beings (or human trafficking) involves the movement of people (mostly women and children) against their will by means of force for the purpose of sexual or labor exploitation.
		Trafficking in women and girls for the purpose of sexual exploitation in the form of prostitution, pornography, escorts, and such is a growing phenomenon in Europe and throughout the world.
		Trafficking in human beings has become a global problem and a number of developing and transition countries are affected as countries of origin.
	www.lib.msu.edu /harris23/crimjust/human.htm (5589 words)

	OSCE in BiH > Human Rights
		Trafficking in human beings is a modern day form of slavery.
		Victims of trafficking are misled into leaving their home with promises of well-paid jobs overseas, but find themselves forced into practices, often prostitution, to which they would never have agreed.
		Traffickers use a variety of methods to recruit their victims, including advertisements in the press and direct contact through a network of recruiters targeting vulnerable people.
	www.oscebih.org /human_rights/trafficking.asp?d=1 (994 words)

	SCADPlus: The implementation of measures to combat child sex tourism
		Of particular concern to the Commission is the rise in cases of sexual exploitation of children in the countries of central and eastern Europe and the existence of cross-border trafficking in child prostitutes into the EU.
		The 1997 Joint Action on combating trafficking in human beings and sexual abuse of children stipulates that each Member State shall review its national legislation in these areas.
		At the end of 1998, a Council Decision was adopted supplementing the definition of trafficking in human beings contained in the Annex to the Europol Convention.
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l33094.htm (1287 words)

	Trafficking in Human Beings Reprehensible, Says UN's Kofi Annan
		''I believe the trafficking of persons, particularly women and children, for forced and exploitative labour, including for sexual exploitation, is one of the most egregious violations of human rights which the United Nations now confronts,'' he said in a statement released Wednesday.
		It is rooted in social and economic conditions in the countries from which the victims come, facilitated by practices which discriminate against women, and driven by cruel indifference to human suffering on the part of those who exploit the services that the victims are forced to provide, he added.
		Urging member states to sign and ratify the Convention, which includes provisions against human trafficking and smuggling of migrants, Annan said the fate of these most vulnerable people is ''an affront to human dignity and a challenge to every state, every people, and every community''.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines/121400-02.htm (869 words)

	Anti-Slavery - Anti-Slavery - Trafficking
		Human trafficking involves the movement of people through violence, deception or coercion for the purpose of forced labour, servitude or slavery-like practices.
		For example, Vietnamese men are trafficked to the UK to work in hotels, West African children are trafficked into a range of exploitative work throughout the region, Philippine women are trafficked into domestic work.
		Human trafficking involves deceiving or coercing someone to move -- either within a country or abroad through legal or illegal channels -- for the purpose of exploiting him or her.
	www.antislavery.org /homepage/antislavery/trafficking.htm (957 words)

	NATO Topics - Trafficking in human beings
		The NATO Policy On Combating Trafficking In Human Beings commits NATO and troop contributing nations to reinforce efforts to prevent and combat trafficking.
		All NATO members countries are keenly aware that trafficking in human beings fuels corruption and organised crime and therefore runs counter to NATO’s stabilisation efforts in its Theatres of Operation.
		Nations are required to ensure that members of their forces - as well as civilian elements - who engage in trafficking in human beings or facilitate it, are liable to appropriate prosecution and punishment under national legislation.
	www.nato.int /issues/trafficking/index.html (393 words)

	Trafficking in human beings - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trafficking in human beings is the commercial trade ("smuggling") of human beings, who are subjected to involuntary acts such as begging, sexual exploitation (eg.
		Trafficked people usually come from the poorer regions of the world, where opportunities are limited and are often from the most vulnerable in society, such as runaways, refugees, or other displaced persons, (especially in post-conflict situations, such as Kosovo and Bosnia and Herzegovina), though they may also come from any social background, class or race.
		In the United Kingdom, 71 women were known to have been trafficked into prostitution in 1998 and the Home Office recognised that the scale is likely greater as the problem is hidden and research estimates that the actual figure could be up to 1,420 women trafficked into the UK during the same peroid.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trafficking_in_human_beings (2520 words)

	Sex Slaves: Trafficking in human beings from Moldova to Italy [Free Republic]
		Some experts even claim that trafficking in humans has overtaken drug smuggling in terms of profitability, to the extent that a smuggled drug can be consumed once while a sex slave is, from the point of view of the pimp, a re-usable commodity.
		Trafficking in women has attracted a certain amount of publicity in the Western press in recent months, and it is also a subject to which the big fashionable international organisations have also devoted considerable attention.
		An especially appalling aspect of the trade in human beings is the sexual exploitation of children.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3a80553c1918.htm (8379 words)

	ILO Symposium on Combating Trafficking in Human Beings (Tokyo, 23 September 2003) - ILO Office in Japan
		The Stability Pact Taskforce on Trafficking in Human Beings (SPTF) (http://www.stabilitypact.org/trafficking/) was created in June 2000 following the decision, taken in Oslo in October 1999, to make trafficking issues one of the priorities within the OSCE and the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe.
		Konrad's (photo left) keynote presentation, which gave an overview of the problem of trafficking in Europe, then presented the approach taken by the SPTF, the responses needed and their difficulties, and what will be needed in the future to address them.
		Roger Plant's (photo right) keynote speech, emphasizing on the "forced labour" dimension of human trafficking (as a dimension equally important but usually receiving less media attention than "sexual exploitation"), the basic principles needed for an effective action against it, and the importance of comprehensive and integrated programmes against trafficking.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/region/asro/tokyo/conf/2003trafficking.htm (645 words)

	Human Trafficking-Trafficking of Humans-Coalition Against Trafficking of Women
		It is a fundamental human right to be free of sexual exploitation in all its forms.
		Among the signers of this statement are organizations that provide services to victims of trafficking and sexual exploitation, or who themselves are survivors of trafficking and prostitution and who represent women who have been victims/survivors.
		Section II is devoted to a thematic study on the relationship between trafficking and the demand for commercial sexual exploitation.
	www.catwinternational.org (1446 words)

	Interpol - Trafficking in Human Beings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Trafficking in women for sexual exploitation is a multi-billion-dollar business which involves citizens of most countries and helps sustain organized crime.
		Human trafficking is distinct from people smuggling in that it involves the exploitation of the migrant, often for purposes of forced labour and prostitution.
		People smuggling implies the procurement, for financial or material gain, of the illegal entry into a state of which that person is neither a citizen nor a permanent resident.
	www.interpol.int /Public/THB (224 words)

	Human Trafficking - Human Rights - Church of Scientology International
		Human Rights are defined as: "The basic rights and freedoms to which all human beings are entitled...
		Churches of Scientology sponsor roundtables and seminars on human trafficking to raise public awareness and get effective action taken to eradicate this international scourge.
		A Church-co-sponsored seminar on human trafficking held early last year included a representative from the Department of Justice.
	www.theta.com /human-trafficking (373 words)

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