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Topic: Train Protection Warning System

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	Automatic Warning System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The system is fail-safe because the electromagnet is required to be energised to give the 'safe' indication, the 'danger' indication being given by the permanent magnet alone.
		In the final version of the GWR system the locomotives were fitted with a solenoid-operated valve into the vacuum train pipe, maintained in the closed position by a battery.
		The system suffers one drawback in that on single track lines, the track equipment will set the AWS system on a train travelling in the opposite direction from that for which the track equipment is intended, but not reset it as the electromagnet is encountered before the permanent magnet.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Automatic_Warning_System (1902 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| How the safety systems work
		An increasing number of trains are being fitted with a system which physically prevents the train from going through a red light by triggering the brakes.
		The government is committed to expanding this type of warning system across the network by the end of 2003.
		The two systems at the centre of the controversy are Automatic Train Protection (ATP) and the less sophisticated Train Protection Warning System (TPWS).
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/941526.stm (862 words)

	Train Protection & Warning system (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Research into the potential benefits of such a system estimated that it would bring nearly 70% of the benefits of a full Automatic Train Protection system in terms of the cost of the system per life saved.
		Special tests demonstrated that the train stop facility achieved the objective of stopping a train within the safety margin after a red signal had been passed.
		As the timer on the train is fixed, the only way to vary the trip speeds is to alter the distance between the arming and trigger loops.
	www.spadweb.com.cob-web.org:8888 /PUBLIC/PLCPAGES/P-TPWS-1.htm (496 words)

	Train protection and warning system : HSE grants exemption
		Trains need to travel down the diverging junction at a lower speed, so PSRs are put in place and the signals are set to slow down the trains' approach - 'approach controlled signalling'.
		The train driver controls the speed of the train by observing speed restriction signs and by slowing for the signals.
		Network Rail's application for exemption from the requirement to fit train protection at temporary speed restrictions (TSRs) was received by HSE on 26 September 2003.
	www.hse.gov.uk /press/2003/e03204.htm (1007 words)

	Train Protection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The pair of approach loops first met by the train at 400 to 200 metres before the signal, are set between 4 and 36 metres apart.
		When the train passes over the arming loop, an on-board timer is switched on to detect the elapsed time while the train passes the distance between the arming loop and the trigger loop.
		Fortunately, since the train is already braking and there is usually a "cushion" of 200 yards (183 metres) between the signal and the block it is protecting, there will be a much reduced risk of damage (human and propertywise) if the train hits anything.
	www.railway-technical.com /sigtxt7.html (2135 words)

	The Militant - Nov. 8, 1999 -- UK rail crash highlights bosses' deadly safety cuts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This system uses radio beacons to warn if a train is approaching a danger signal and will apply the brakes if the driver misses the warning.
		Instead, the government has announced that a far cheaper system, the Train Protection Warning System (TPWS), should be fitted on smaller lines by the year 2004.
		Train guards (conductors) who are members of the Rail, Maritime and Transport Union, have called a strike for October 29.
	www.themilitant.com /1999/6339/633955.html (506 words)

	Inquiry Says Commuter Train Ran a Red Light : U.K. Rail Safety Agency Orders Signaling Revision
		The government this summer ordered a train protection warning system in a delayed response to a 1997 crash on the same stretch of track that killed seven people, but it will not be installed until 2003.
		The three-car commuter train, which had just left Paddington Station when it ran a red light and crossed into the path of an incoming express train, was not equipped with an automatic braking system.
		Railtrack acknowledged this week that trains have run through red lights at the signal eight times in the last six years, and the train drivers union, Aslef, has complained about poor visibility of the signal.
	www.iht.com /articles/1999/10/09/train.2.t_4.php (535 words)

	Railways to install new passenger safety system : HindustanTimes.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Railways is now developing a highly advanced, foolproof protection and warning system that can prevent the possibility of train collision due to driver's error.
		This is where the 'Train protection and warning system' (TPWS) comes in whereby an onboard computer sounds an alarm to the driver if he fails to give the correct response to a negative signal on the tracks ahead.
		The system, which is widely used in the railways abroad, has been initiated on a pilot basis on two routes - Delhi Agra and Chennai-Gummidipoondi - as efforts are on to customise it to the Indian conditions, he stated.
	www.hindustantimes.com /news/181_1815817,0002.htm (389 words)

	Train protection system 'could cost more lives' \| Special reports \| Guardian Unlimited
		A train protection system backed by the Cullen inquiry into railway safety is a waste of money which could cost lives, according to government-funded research to be published today.
		The Cullen inquiry, which examined safety after the Hatfield train crash, recommended that all trains should be fitted with the technology by 2010.
		The commission's chairman, David Begg, said: "We believe that every human life is precious and that our transport resources should be spent in the way that protects the most lives." He said money for the system would be better spent expanding the capacity of the railways, on the grounds that trains were safer than cars.
	www.guardian.co.uk /transport/Story/0,2763,688261,00.html (576 words)

	[IRFCA] Indian Railways FAQ: Train Working - Interlocking systems
		In various semi-automated systems of interlocking the electrical or electromechanical mechanisms or the electronic circuitry takes over a large part of the bookkeeping details that determine the sequences in which signals must be pulled off or points set to assign a route to a train.
		If a train passes by a station or signal cabin without the appropriate last vehicle indication (or without confirmation of the number of coaches or wagons as mentioned above), it is assumed that the train has parted and suitable emergency procedures are brought into play.
		AWS systems usually work by means of electromagnets placed on the track that are activated by the signal aspects and whose magnetic fields are sensed by the AWS sensor mounted on the loco.
	irfca.org /faq/faq-signal4.html (6253 words)

	Tragic Accident Dents Confidence In Rail Travel - Brief Article International Railway Journal - Find Articles
		Such a system is required to be fitted to the signal in question and other danger points on the network by the end of 2003.
		The train, however, was in its correct position and had a green light to proceed on its route into Paddington so the status of the ATP was not relevant to the collision.
		But for reasons yet to be discovered and explained, he appears to have cancelled the warning for signal SN 109, accelerated and passed it at red and, 700m further on, met the intercity train almost head on.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_11_39/ai_58125770 (877 words)

	Train Protection Warning System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The distance separating the loops is used to control the speed of the train, because at all locations the on-board equipment allows a standard amount of time between paired loops before applying the brakes: the greater the distance the loops are from the stop signal, the more widely spaced they will be.
		An aerial on the train picks up the frequency from the loops if they are energised, and applies the brakes if required, for instance, if it takes less than 1 second (approximate value) to travel over the OSS loops, or if the TSS loops are energised.
		Recent applications in the UK have, in conjunction with advanced SPAD protection techniques, used TPWS with 'outer home' signals that protect junctions with a higher than average risk, by controlling the speed of an approaching train an extra signal section in rear of the junction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Train_Protection_Warning_System (1011 words)

	Finmeccanica
		BAE Systems Avionics is one of Europe's leading avionics companies, and the UK' s foremost supplier of electronic systems for military platforms in the air, at sea and on land.
		L-3 IS is recognized internationally as a systems integration organization specializing in the modernization and maintenance of aircraft of all sizes, and the study, design, development, and integration of special mission systems for military and commercial applications.
		The agreement with BAE Systems is of significant strategic and economic value for Finmeccanica in terms of the group’s competitive position and of its objectives of attaining strategic and operating autonomy.
	www.finmec.com /rsspress.asp (16892 words)

	Train crash
		Furthermore, train drivers are under pressure not to be late, to avoid their firms being fined by the train companies franchise director.
		The firm was fined £1.5 million for breaking safety regulations after a court was told that one of the train's key safety devices, the Advance Warning System which should have sounded a Klaxon before reaching each danger signal, was not working.
		If the 25 train operating companies are made to pay around £2 billion at today's prices for ATP (or any other more advanced system), this charge would have to be passed on passengers through raised prices.
	www.worldsocialism.org /spgb/nov99/train.html (1178 words)

	PlanetPapers - Why Software Systems Fail
		Inadequate training given to the operators - The people who have to use the software are not taught properly how to use the software system or they are expected to learn on their own.
		These include inadequate training given to the operators, commercial pressures, no backup procedure, no consideration was given to system overload, poor user interface, not a proper fit between software and hardware and not enough system testing being carried out before hand.
		The system was never tested properly and nor was their any feedback gathered from the operators before hand.
	www.planetpapers.com /Assets/1931.php (3856 words)

	Training swap improves cab/siqnalbox relations - Training/Simulation International Railway Journal - Find Articles
		A decision by Connex, one of Britain's train operating companies, and Network Rail (NR), the national track authority, to site driver training and signalling simulators in the same location is already improving understanding between drivers and signalmen.
		The Connex driver training simulators were installed in May 2002 and the first training courses started in July, while NR's Integrated Electronic Control Centre (IECC) simulators were up and running by November.
		This enables the trainee to select areas of the train he wants to see in more detail on a touch screen to do things such as reset passenger alarms and couple trainsets.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_4_43/ai_100754968 (850 words)

	A poor track record
		According to the Indian Railways, it is responsible for 83 per cent of the train accidents.
		Automatic warning systems are used in several countries, and the Khanna Committee report of 1998 had suggested a "train protection and warning system", that would ensure that the brakes would automatically be applied and the train would grind to a halt if the driver failed to acknowledge the caution signal within a specified time.
		Instituting driver vigilance and auxiliary warning systems and performing breathalyzer tests to check drunken driving (often cited as a cause for accidents) are some of the general recommendations suggested by the railway safety panel.
	www.frontlineonnet.com /fl2015/stories/20030801006911900.htm (1434 words)

	Economist.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chris Green, chief executive of Virgin Trains, says bluntly: “We have got to get back to commonsense.” Richard Hope, consulting editor to the Railway Gazette and a former adviser to the parliamentary select committee on transport, says the current chaos is “unnecessary and totally unprofessional”.
		Evidence to the joint inquiry into the Southall and Ladbroke Grove crashes heard that the proposed new advanced train protection system would cost £2 billion to install across the network, equivalent to more than £15m per life saved.
		Privatisation, too, may have heightened the obsession with rail safety, because there are many more different bodies involved in the business of managing the railways—the government, Railtrack, the train operators, the various regulators—and they are all trying to cover their own backs.
	home.uchicago.edu /~ldusek/Econ286/railtrack.htm (923 words)

	NewStandard: 10/9/99
		LONDON -- The first official report on a deadly commuter train collision suggested yesterday that the disaster could have been prevented by a warning system that would have stopped a train speeding past a red signal light.
		Early evidence suggests the accident "would have been prevented by the installation and correct operation of a train protection warning system," Coleman said in his report.
		The warning system would automatically trigger the brakes if a train were to pass a red light.
	www.s-t.com /daily/10-99/10-09-99/a02wn016.htm (504 words)

	Toilets in trains to absorb collision impact-Lucknow-Cities-NEWS-The Times of India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The speed of trains running through the Golden Quadrilateral will be increased from 75 kilometres per hour to 100 kilometres per hour.
		While taking about general passengers he said, "A minimum of four general coaches would be attached to every train and summer special trains would be started during the peak season.In addition to this, a fire protection system will also be introduced.
		The train protection warning system will also be introduced â” which means if there is no signal, the breaks will get applied automatically even if the driver is not able to apply the same.
	timesofindia.indiatimes.com /articleshow/msid-1075098,prtpage-1.cms (328 words)

	Automatic Train Protection: HSC advice to Government
		Following recommendations to introduce the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS), which includes the safety benefits of ATP, made by the Joint Inquiry into Train Protection Systems in March 2001, the rail industry's ERTMS Programme Team produced a report in April 2002.
		After the Ladbroke Grove train crash in October 1999, the Joint Inquiry into Train Protection Systems, chaired by Professor John Uff QC and the Rt Hon Lord Cullen PC, considered train protection and warning systems; the future application of ATP and measures to prevent Signals Passed At Danger (SPADs).
		The Joint Inquiry was established to look into the train protection issues arising from the Southall (1997) and Ladbroke Grove (1999) crashes in which 38 people died in accidents which could have been prevented by automatic train protection (ATP).
	www.hse.gov.uk /press/2003/c03004.htm (2727 words)

	The Hindu : Front Page : Villupuram-Tiruchi section electrification proposed
		Train protection warning system to be fitted in 84 EMU coaches
		A train protection warning system would be fitted in 84 EMU coaches in the Chennai suburban section at a cost of Rs.
		53 crores and train accentuated warning devices at seven manned and three unmanned level crossing gates as a pilot project.
	www.hindu.com /2005/08/06/stories/2005080609840100.htm (333 words)

	News and Publications - Automatic Train Protection for the rail network in Britain: A study
		Looking at the long-term solution of automatic train protection (ATP) this report concludes that the system evolved by the European Union called the European Railway Train Management System/European Train Control System (ETCS) is the best way ahead and likely to evolve into a European Standard.
		This variant could offer a capability of extending its train protection capability up to 100 mph, resulting in an improved overall effectiveness of the system in the region of 75%.
		Plans should therefore be developed for a suitable trial of a Level Three system towards the end of this decade, giving the opportunity of installing operational systems in the next decade.
	www.raeng.org.uk /news/publications/list/atp.htm (986 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Main News
		The project is in line with the policy announced by the Ministry of Rural Development, which envisages total sanitation in the next eight years and elimination of open defecation across the country.
		The system provides a warning to the driver approaching a signal at danger.
		Train passengers, who have had to make do with dirty unhygienic platforms, may now look forward to boarding and disembarking in spic and span conditions.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2004/20040707/main1.htm (1251 words)

	British Transport
		However, the system was abandoned by the Conservatives in 1995 due to its one-billion-pound costs - coincidentally the same amount of profit the combined private train companies made in the financial year 1998-1999.
		In government, Labour intends only to implement ATP on major routes within the next few years, and install the Train Protection Warning System (TPWS) elsewhere instead, which is a cheaper alternative to ATP, consisting only of an alarm that can be switched off and ignored by the driver.
		The net result is that an expensive, poorly-performing system is in the process of being installed on Britain's railways, only to be scrapped in the near future.
	www.geocities.com /britishpoliticsonline/transport.htm (1601 words)

	The Hindu : Railways to adopt new warning system
		The Railways is planning to adopt a new auxiliary warning system (AWS), which has a design similar to the one on the Mumbai suburban section and is compatible with Euro-balise (ground equipment), to strengthen the safety and security of passengers and rail installations.
		The panel had suggested use of the Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS), a variant of the AWS.
		Provision of the latest training facilities, weaponry, wireless communication and vehicles form part of this new initiative to further equip the Railway Protection Force (RPF) and the Railway Protection Special Force (RPSF).
	www.hindu.com /2003/09/05/stories/2003090500781300.htm (216 words)

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