Trait (biological)

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Topic: Trait (biological)

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	Lecture 6: Patterns of Inheritance
		The next two lectures will consider in more detail how biological characteristics of organisms are passed from parent to offspring -- the study of the inheritance of biological traits is the area of biology known as genetics.
		Mendel noticed that the inheritance of each trait appeared to be independent of (unaffected by) the inheritance of the other trait.
		Sickle-cell disease is caused by an allele at the gene for hemoglobin -- besides effecting the shape of the red blood cell, this defect causes physical weakness, heart failure, impaired mental function, pneumonia, rheumatism and kidney failure.
	www.sci.sdsu.edu /class/bio100/Lectures/Lect06/lect06.html

	Gene Expression: BIOLOGICAL VERSUS CULTURAL EVOLUTION
		Biological traits are usually adaptive for the individuals who possess them, in the sense that possession of the trait enhances their reproductive fitness.
		Individuals have no choice in receiving their biological inheritance, whereas people frequently do have a choice in deciding whether to accept some cultural trait.
		With unimportant exceptions, biological heredity cannot transmit traits acquired during the lifetime of the individual, whereas cultural transmission frequently does.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/000205.html

	Quia - Genetics Terms
		cross between two organisms that involve observing the inheritance of one trait
		record that show the inheritance a trait in a family
		cross between two individuals that involve observing the inheritance of two traits
	www.quia.com /jg/66181list.html

	study.txt
		A set of biological traits are one's_______; while non-biological characteristics make up one's ______________.
		Adorno's "Authoritarian Personality" states that prejudice exists because it is a personality trait which is strongly ethnocentric and wishes to protect the status quo.
		Adorno's Authoritarian Personality refers to a trait that people have in which some people are prejudice against.
	www.nd.edu /~dmyers/courses/old/102au00/study.txt (9554 words)

	Scorpio trait
		Scorpio trait - Behavior Genetics Research in scorpio behavior genetics has shown that almost all scorpio personality traits have both biological and environmental bases.
		The Scorpio trait research methodologies mentioned do not tell us which scorpio genes are involved, only the relative scorpio influence of all genes as opposed to zodiac environment.
		Scorpio trait experimental analysis of behavior,, and the philosophical underpinnings of this science, dominated zodiac psychology for much of the 20th century, with its main competitor being the more asrtologicaly oriented Scorpio Psychoanalysis.
	www.onecer.net /scorpio/scorpio-trait.html (2476 words)

	Species
		Kitcher is correct that biologists attempt to explain the traits of organisms in two ways: sometimes they cite the ultimate, or evolutionary, cause of a trait; other times they cite a structural feature of an organism with that trait.
		Selection causes a trait to become prominent in a species only if that trait is passed down from one generation to the next.
		Moreover, if that trait is to be unique to that species, it cannot occur in any other species for the entire existence of life on this planet.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/species (5741 words)

	Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) References
		Broman KW (2003) Quantitative trait locus mapping in the case of a spike in the phenotype distribution.
		Doerge RW (2002) Mapping and analysis of quantitative trait loci in experimental populations.
		Luo ZW, Kearsey MJ (1992) Interval mapping of quantitative trait loci in an F2 population.
	www.stat.wisc.edu /~yandell/statgen/reference/qtl.html (6068 words)

	Immortality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since immortality is seen as a desire of humanity, themes involving immortality often explore the disadvantages as well as the advantages of such a trait.
		Beings born with immortality (such as deities, demigods and races with "limited immortality") are usually quite adjusted to their long lives, though some may feel sorrow at the passing of mortal friends, but they still continue on.
		Human's loss of immortality is thought to be due to the unbalancing of the powers between the Tree of Knowledge and the Tree of Life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Immortality (6707 words)

	Biological Correlates of being Gay - Biological Determinism?
		Biological Correlates of being Gay - Biological Determinism?
		These data are consistent with the model of moderate inheritance of sexual orientation: the heritability calculated from these numbers lies within the range 0.31- 0.74, which is consistent with a moderate to a high genetic determination of the trait (that whether an male becomes gay or heterosexual depends moderately to substantially on his genes).
		In both cases, interest is in the biological basis of differences in human behavior (intelligence, sexual orientation).
	www.utexas.edu /courses/bio301d/Topics/Gay/Text.html (1087 words)

	Homo Sum » Blog Archive » SF authors say smart things (Part 1)
		I’m comfortable with a distinction between biological intelligence (which I think we’re saying is essentially a question of capacity/raw capability) and social/cultural intelligence (which is more about the accretion of knowledge and culture) with some other term standing in for the combination of the two–i.e.
		Intelligence and accumulated knowledge change the nature of evolution, because it makes it easier for the action of individual members to affect the ability of the entire society to survive.
		In the case of advancements in the collective pool, the applied intelligence of one member of a species–standing on the metaphorical shoulders of all the preceding contributors to the pool, of course–can radically affect the survival prospects for the entire species.
	www.chrismclaren.com /blog/archives/2006/01/03/sf-authors-say-smart-things-part-1 (4343 words)

	Download und Service
		The zip-file consists of the data table with the biological traits and a file with the literature references, both in the dbase IV-format.
		The database contains biological traits of vascular plants.
		The database offers the possibility to extract the indicated literature for a given trait and species.
	www.uni-oldenburg.de /landeco/Download/Databases/biot.htm (112 words)

	Haley Downing
		The functionally autonomous traits that will be discussed later were derived from the Freudian system of instinct theory and the theorizing of William James and his idea of the transitoriness of instincts (Allport, 1937).
		The terms trait and habit may seem to be initially synonymous, but an important distinction and relationship exist between the two.
		One good example would be that of addiction: the habit of smoking may have begun as a social behavior, but as individuals continue this behavior, their body develops a biological dependency on the nicotine.
	www.augustana.edu /users/psjohnson/adlerallportsamplepaper.htm (1828 words)

	R: Ecological and Biological Traits
		is a vector of the names of the biological traits.
		is a vector of the numbers of items for each biological trait.
		is a data frame containing the biological traits.
	pbil.univ-lyon1.fr /ade4html/bsetal97.html (127 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Dispersal
		Subjects > Professional & Technical > Professional Science > Biological Sciences > Ecology
		The ability of species to migrate and disperse is a trait that has interested ecologists for many years.
		Be the first person to review this item.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0198506597?v=glance (127 words)

	the race/intelligence/IQ debate
		In other words, if the measuring device for IQ is biased, then showing association between IQ as it is measured and biological traits tells us little about variation in underlying "mental capacities" in the three groups that have been distinguished.
		Thus the different populations were selected for various traits like brain size and intelligence and reductions in sex hormones (and twinning rates) as they diverged north and east.
		It follows that even if the difference in brain size is valid as an anthropometric trait, then while we would have an association between measured IQ and brain size, this would lead to a spurious association between "innate intelligence" and brain size.
	danny.oz.au /communities/anthro-l/debates/race-iq (4721 words)

	Meta-Cognition about Biological Sex and Gender-Stereotypic Physical Appearance: Consequences for the Assessment of Leadership Competence -- Sczesny and Kühnen 30 (1): 13 -- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
		Pratto, F., and Bargh, J. Stereotyping based on apparently individuating information: Trait and global components of sex stereotypes under attention overload.
		Wegener, D. T., and Petty, R. The flexible correction model: The role of naive theories of bias in bias correction.
		The impact of gender-stereotypic features on the ascription of leadership abilities.
	psp.sagepub.com /cgi/content/refs/30/1/13 (1095 words)

	Sex and Scientific Inquiry
		However, Lambert points out that conclusions about this trait are contradictory and it is thus difficult to determine if differences such as this are caused by the biological nature of a person, or if, and how much nurture or environment contributes to sex differences in things like spatial ability.
		First of all, sex differences are not universal, and biological differences are not inevitable.
		Since this difference is not a trait found in young children, it is thought that sex hormones may be involved.
	www.cs.hmc.edu /~kknudtzo/gender/sep15.html (984 words)

	Autosomal Recessive: Cystic Fibrosis, Sickle Cell Anemia, Tay Sachs Disease - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital
		"Recessive" means that two copies of the gene are necessary to have the trait, one inherited from the mother, and one from the father.
		Once parents have had a child with a recessive trait or disease, there is a one out of four, or 25 percent chance, with each subsequent pregnancy, for another child to be born with the same trait or disorder.
		A person who has only one recessive gene is said to be a "carrier" for the trait or disease, but they do not have any health problems from "carrying" one copy of the gene.
	www.lpch.org /DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/genetics/recessive.html (1013 words)

	The Elusive Unit of Selection
		The point is that the thing which is selectively important may not be, in any useful sense, a "trait" of a single actor at all, but rather is a "trait" of some groups of actors, or perhaps of the S-lineage as a whole.
		In the simplest case, the selectively important "trait" may not be "expressed" at all in certain members of the S-lineage - but they can pass it on, and thus do indeed contribute to the selective dynamics of the S-lineage as a whole.
		The former corresponds to what is conventionally referred to as "kin selection" in biological Darwinism, (Dawkins 1979).
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~autonomy/ecal95/rpl-l2h/node3.html (2446 words)

	NIGMS -- News & Events: The Genetic Architecture of Complex Traits Workshop Report and Recommendations 1-29-98
		Because the genetic architecture is a characteristic of a trait in a population, it is affected by population structure and population history--a fact that undermines the concept of a "disease gene." In a complex trait, there is no "disease gene" in the sense of a Mendelian factor that, by itself, causes a disease.
		The genetic architecture of complex traits consists of a description of all of the genetic and environmental factors that affect the trait, along with the magnitude of their individual effects and the magnitudes of interactions among the factors.
		The genetic architecture is a moving target that changes according to gene and genotype frequencies, the distributions of environmental factors, and such biological properties as age and gender.
	www.nigms.nih.gov /news/reports/genetic_arch.html (2446 words)

	Proposed Field Trial of a Transgenic Arthropod, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
		The trait engineered into the mite is merely a molecular marker, is not expressed, and does not alter the biological characteristics of the mite.
		Dispersal of the transgenic mite from the test site will also be minimized by biological characteristics of the organism, such as flightlessness, female-only potential dispersal, and the inhibition of dispersal by the availability of adequate food.
		Biological containment, however, may include the most effective mechanisms for minimizing dispersal of the transgenic organism to outside the test site.
	www.aphis.usda.gov /brs/arthropod/permits/9532602r/32602rea.html (2217 words)

	Race and Identity in Contemporary Law
		Under the traditional view, race is a biological trait, susceptible of classification into four general types, and (in our more enlightened era) known to have no significant relation to culture.
		Emerging views of "race," however, recognize the untenability of biological or anthropological definitions of the term, but also assert that race reflects a social construct that affects people's lives.
		Indeed, the rejection of supremacist and biological determinist theories of race have led many, including some members of the United States Supreme Court, to conclude that race is merely a matter of skin color with no connection to any other aspect of society; therefore, government should almost never take note of it.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/01race/race04.htm (2217 words)

	Species
		The universality of a biological trait in a species is fragile.
		Species are the fundamental taxonomic units of biological classification.
		Supporters of the Biological Species Concept and related concepts believe that lineages of interbreeding sexual organisms are much more important in the evolution of life on this planet (Eldredge 1985).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/species (5741 words)

	Verbal and Nonverbal Messages:Miscommunication and Language
		In general, this model views trait verbal aggressiveness as an expression of temperament; specifically, that trait verbal aggressiveness represents two thresholds for the fight or flight (FFS) neurobiological system.
		The purpose of this study was to test Beatty and McCroskey's communibiological model of trait verbal aggressiveness.
		The theory holds that verbal aggressiveness is an expressions of inborn, biological functioning.
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/spd110td/interper/message/Linksmisuselanguage.html (269 words)

	Species
		The universality of a biological trait in a species is fragile.
		Species are the fundamental taxonomic units of biological classification.
		Supporters of the Biological Species Concept and related concepts believe that lineages of interbreeding sexual organisms are much more important in the evolution of life on this planet (Eldredge 1985).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/species (269 words)

	State Forest Resource Management Plan - PA DCNR
		Exceptions to this general policy may be exercised when it is clearly ecologically sound practice to favor certain trees because of a putative genetic trait (e.g., beech trees free of beech bark disease) (see Reservation Guidelines in Fauna Section).
		The state forest system is being managed with the overall goal of sustaining functioning ecological systems including: maintaining a diversity of plant and animal species and communities, maintaining proper functioning of nutrient, water, and energy cycles; and maintaining biological diversity.
		A natural area is an area of unique scenic, historic, geologic or ecological value, which will be maintained in a natural condition by allowing physical and biological processes to operate, usually without direct human intervention.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /forestry/sfrmp/eco.htm (269 words)

	Teleological Notions in Biology
		Accounts of biological function which refer to natural selection typically have the form that a trait's function or functions causally explain the existence or maintenance of that trait in a given population via the mechanism of natural selection.
		Because it conflates the notions of design and function, it becomes necessary to mark the distinction between cases of selection with modification (function/design) and cases where a trait of an organism is coopted for a use for which it is not modified (exaptation).
		Functional claims in biology are fully grounded in natural selection and are not derivative of psychological uses of notions such as design, intention, and purpose.
	setis.library.usyd.edu.au /stanford/entries/teleology-biology (269 words)

	Weekly Standard
		Yet Knight and the FRC are so baffled by science (or so indifferent to it) that they do not even realize this paper they are avidly promoting is not saying sexual orientation isn't biological; Byne believes sexual orientation is a biological trait.
		One neuroanatomist I spoke with--a straight, pro-choice New York City liberal who favors total political acceptance of homosexuality--growled, "While [conservatives] can't win the disease argument, and they can't win the choice argument, admitting that [homosexuality is] biological and unchosen is their trump card.
		It was written by neuroanatomist Dr. William Byne and is a brilliant critique of the genetic research.
	members.aol.com /GAYGENE/pages/standard.htm (5746 words)

	Gene Mutation Sheds Light on 'Morning Larks'
		As different genes may be involved in regulating different aspects of the biological clock, other families with different sleep disorders will need to be studied to determine the role of each gene.
		Affected family members carry a specific genetic mutation that is autosomal dominant, meaning that odds of inheriting the trait from a single affected parent are 50:50.
		What makes this discovery even more striking is that the mutated gene is similar to a specific gene in the hamster -- and even in the fruit fly-- that control the biological clock in these simpler creatures.
	my.webmd.com /content/article/31/1728_69714 (5746 words)

	A genetic link to anorexia
		Linkage refers to the greater-than-chance likelihood that two separate DNA sequences will be close to one another on the same chromosome, supplying biological evidence for a genetic trait if seen among two or more family members.
		Researchers have discovered biological evidence of a genetic underpinning to anorexia nervosa: genetic linkage on chromosome 1 for the complex psychiatric disorder.
		Using genetic linkage analysis, the study compared DNA samples of people suffering from anorexia nervosa with those of family members who also have an eating disorder, noting where on a person's "genetic map" certain genetic markers aggregated.
	www.apa.org /monitor/mar02/genetic.html (979 words)

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