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	Forum of Trajan
		Construction was renewed after Trajan's victorious return from Dacia (Romania) in AD 106-107, funded by the spoils of that war (and perhaps to coincide with his decennalia).
		The forum constantly revealed itself to the visitor, the colonnades hiding the hemicycles behind them, as well as the apses of the basilica, which, in turn, hid the libraries and most of the column.
		Curved around the eastern hemicycle (exedra) of the forum was Trajan's Markets, a complex of offices or possibly shops displaced by construction of the forum.
	penelope.uchicago.edu /~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/imperialfora/trajan/forumtrajani.html (284 words)

	forum - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		At the south end of the Forum was the house of the vestal virgins and nearby the temple of Vesta.
		The Forum was closed to the northwest by the Arch of Septimius Severus and by the rostra (platforms adorned with beaks of captured vessels), from which tribunes, consuls, and orators made their speeches.
		Southwest was the smaller Forum of Julius Caesar, a colonnade enclosing the temple of Venus.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-forum.html (699 words)

	Trajan - Crystalinks
		Trajan was the son of M. Ulpius Traianus, a prominent senator and general from a famous Roman family.
		Trajan saw it as simply a temporary setback, but he was destined never to command an army in the field again.
		Trajan's Bridge was the first bridge built on the lower Danube river, east from the Iron Gates, near what is now the city of Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Romania and Kladovo, Serbia.
	www.crystalinks.com /trajan.html (1278 words)

	Introductory Essay
		Trajan was formally adopted in AD 98 by Nerva, who then promptly died and left the not-so-young man (he was likely about 45) emperor.
		Nonetheless, Trajan and his army were victorious, and he returned to Rome the next year to celebrate a fine triumph and to receive the award of the title "Dacicus." All was not well on the Danube, however, and Trajan returned to Dacia in 105.
		Trajan embarked on further conquests later in his reign, but it was for the Dacian wars and his subsequent grand building projects in the Eternal City that he is most remembered - and rightly so.
	www.stoa.org /trajan/introductory_essay.html (3883 words)

	Trajan's Glorious Forum
		Trajan's Forum was intended as a visual realization of its builder's political propaganda.
		The forum's ornamentation combined symbols of Trajan's Dacian victories with those of deification and worship of the emperors.
		And the entire forum was a biography in stone, revealing one after another the stages in the life of the heroic Trajan as he progressed from mortality to divinity.
	cat.he.net /~archaeol/9801/abstracts/trajan.html (472 words)

	Trajan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Pliny rightly praises Trajan as the lawgiver and the founder of discipline, and Vegetius classes Augustus, Trajan and Hadrian together as restorers of the morale of the army.
		Trajan's notions of civil government were, like those of the Duke of Wellington, strongly tinged with military prepossessions.
		Trajan, who had no children, had continually delayed to settle the succession to the throne, though Pliny in the "Panegyric" had pointedly drawn his attention to the matter, and it must have caused the senate much anxiety.
	www.nndb.com /people/968/000087707 (4438 words)

	Trajan - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Trajan served in the East, in Germany, and in Spain.
		This conquest is commemorated by the sculptured Trajan's Column, which stands in the Forum of Trajan in Rome.
		Trajan then annexed Arabia Petraea, and in three campaigns he conquered the greater part of the Parthian empire, including Armenia and Upper Mesopotamia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-trajan.html (426 words)

	Trajan's Forum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Trajan's Forum (Forum Traiani) is chronologically the last of the Imperial fora of Rome.
		The forum was built on the order of Emperor Trajan with the spoils of war from the conquest of Dacia, which ended in 106.
		The main entrance to the forum is on the southern side, a triumphal arch surmounted by a statue of Trajan in a six-horse chariot.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Forum_of_Trajan (459 words)

	Trajan's Glorious Forum
		The forum's ornamentation combined symbols of Trajan's Dacian victories with those of deification and worship of the emperors.
		And the entire forum was a biography in stone, revealing one after another the stages in the life of the heroic Trajan as he progressed from mortality to divinity.
		James E. Packer is a professor of classics at Northwestern University and author of The Forum of Trajan in Rome (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).
	www.archaeology.org /9801/abstracts/trajan.html (470 words)

	Imperial forums - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Forum of Caesar was constructed as an extension to the Roman Forum.
		Forum of Augustus with the temple of Mars Ultor
		Separated from the Forum of Augustus, the Forum of Caesar and the Via dell'Argileto which connect the Roman Forum to the Subura, the temple faced the Velian Hill (in the direction of the Colosseum.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Imperial_forums (1065 words)

	Rome - Trajan's Forum and Column
		Its construction was part of a great scheme for relieving the overcrowding of the old Forum, a movement which caused the erection of the Fora of Julius, Augustus and Nerva, all of which were needed to accommodate the ever-increasing political, judicial and commercial transactions during the early years of the Empire.
		Trajan was the only one of the emperors who was buried within the city, his ashes, it has been said, being placed in a golden urn and interred beneath this column.
		Considerable of the Forum area is still buried beneath the modern streets and buildings, but enough has been excavated to reveal something of the remarkable beauty of the original buildings, proving that the sculptors of Imperial Rome were not inferior to those of Imperial Greece.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/rome-39.shtml (1048 words)

	A Bigger,Better Forum
		The imperial forums (with the exception of the Forum Transitorium, really little more than a passageway) all were, on the other hand, self-contained spatial complexes with their own pedestrian areas and buildings.
		Very little remains of the stone that paved the open-air plaza of the Forum of Trajan or of the base of a colossal equestrian statue of Trajan, which was nearly twice as large as the Marcus Aurelius statue in the center of Piazza Campidoglio.
		As for the "missing" Temple of Trajan, archaeologists increasingly believe that it may not have been part of his forum at all, but was perhaps located elsewhere in the city (maybe on the Campus Martius, in the area of Hadrian's temple, the Hadrianeum).
	www.mmdtkw.org /VForiImperiali.html (1613 words)

	Capitolium.org - Imperial Fora Official Website - Rome, Italy
		An equestrian statue of Trajan occupied the center of the piazza, which was bordered by porticos with decorated attics-similar to the Forum of Augustus but with Caryatids instead of Daci.
		The Trajan Column was closed in a small courtyard, bordered by porticos opposite of the Library's facade.
		The Forum of Trajan was utilized as a splendid area of representation for public ceremonies.
	www.capitolium.org /eng/fori/traiano.htm (864 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Trajan
		Trajan was fortunate to have Apollodorus of Damascus in his service, who built a roadway through the Iron Gates by cantilevering it from the sheer face of the rock so that the army seemingly marched on water.
		She survived Trajan, dying probably in 121, and was honored by Hadrian with a temple, which she shared with her husband, in the great forum which the latter had built.
		When Trajan departed Rome for Antioch, in a leisurely tour of the eastern empire while his army was being mustered, he probably intended to destroy at last Parthia's capabilities to rival Rome's power and to reduce her to the status of a province (or provinces).
	www.roman-emperors.org /trajan.htm (4312 words)

	Trajan
		Trajan achieved distinction as a general of outstanding ability, and in 91 he was elected a consul.
		The famous Trajan's Column in the Forum of Trajan in Rome was erected (c.
		Trajan, in failing health, set sail for Italy, but died en route at Selinus in the Roman province of Cilicia (in present-day Turkey).
	www.uni-klu.ac.at /archeo/chrono/trajan.htm (1056 words)

	The Forum of Trajan in Rome
		Last, largest, and most splendid of the early imperial forums, the Forum of Trajan (A.D. 112) was the acknowledged showplace of ancient Rome.
		Ammianus Marcellinus called the Forum "a construction unique under the heavens, as we believe, and admirable even in the unanimous opinion of the gods." Yet, despite its formidable ancient reputation, the Forum of Trajan has only once in the present century been the subject of a close study.
		After describing the Forum as a whole--its construction, history, use in antiquity, destruction, and excavations--Packer focuses on the buildings, the essential architectural texts for all further study.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/5773.html (905 words)

	Forum of Trajan, Rome
		The Forum of the Emperor Trajan (A.D. 98-117), the last, largest and best preserved on the Imperial fora, comprised a considerable complex of buildings, including a temple and basilica as well as three monuments erected in honor of the Emperor himself - a triumphal arch, an equestrian statue and a victory column.
		During the Middle Ages new buildings were erected in the area of the forum by the Colonna and Caetani families, among them the Torre delle Milizie still to be seen in Via Quattro Novembre, and later the twin churches of Santa Maria di Loreto and the Santissimo Nome di Maria were also built here.
		Beyond this, at the end of the forum (between the two churches dedicated to the Virgin), was a temple of deified Trajan.
	www.planetware.com /rome/forum-of-trajan-i-la-rfto.htm (413 words)

	The Forum of Trajan
		Trajan, emperor of the Roman Empire from AD 98-117, was known as the first of the Five Good Emperors in the 1st and 2nd centuries.
		"With Trajan's accession began an era of confidence in the greatness of the empire that had not been seen since Augustus." (Ramage) Trajan instituted a building program that evinced characteristics of the Architectural Revolution, as well as classical and deliberately rustic building styles.
		The structures that are known to be present are the Basilica Ulpia, named for Trajan's family; the Forum Traiani with a surrounding colonnade; the Column of Trajan, marking Trajan's successful Dacian campaign; and the two flanking libraries, on for Greek texts and one for Latin texts.
	homepages.evansville.edu /rd29 (275 words)

	Capitolium.org - Imperial Fora Official Website - Rome, Italy
		Therefore, three relevant excavation areas have been opened in the areas of the Forum of Caesar, the Templum Pacis or so-called Temple of Peace (Forum of Vespasian), and finally the Forum of Trajan, which all include a comprehensive extension of 15,000 square meters, certainly the largest urban excavation project ever realized.
		In the Forum of Caesar, the available areas of operation began with the discovery of structural foundations of the new Academy of S. Luca.
		In the Forum of Trajan, two blocks of modern epoch houses and an intermediate block in the center have been made evident.
	www.capitolium.org /eng/fori/fori.htm (1205 words)

	Do not miss the Trajan Forum during your tours in Rome
		Scholars have pieced together a biography of Trajan, the first of the Roman emperor not native of Italy: he was born in 53 AD in the province of Spain.
		In addition to an impressive physical appearance, Trajan was energetic, practical, loyal, young and experienced in both military and administrative matters.
		The Trajan column was built in the second century AD as part of the library complex and the architect who designed this huge Carrara marble column is Apollodorus of Damascus from Syria.
	www.romanguide.com /ancientrome/trajan-forum.html (421 words)

	Trajan
		Trajan was born in the middle of September in 53 A.D. His family was rich and prominent.
		He was the one who drew the blueprint of Trajan's Forum.
		Trajan was famous for his relentless persecution of the Christians.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_42_88.html (619 words)

	Forum of Trajan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Forum of Trajan was a vast complex, dominated mainly by a large open square surrounded by colonnades.
		This was undoubtedly the grandest of the forums added to the old Forum Romanum by Casesar and the emperors.
		It was financed largely by the spoils from Trajan's conquest of Dacia.
	www.roman-empire.net /tours/rome/forum-trajan.html (104 words)

	The Emperor Trajan 98 -- 117 AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Trajan was one of the more successful Roman emperors, and his accomplishments were many He was also the first emperor of non-Italian origins, born into a family that had been settled in Spain for generations.
		The first adopted emperor of the "Five Good Emperors", Trajan did much to reaccustom the Senate to the Principate after Domitian's tyrranny.
		Some of Rome's most splendid architectural remains are his--the Forum of Trajan and Trajan's column.
	www.ancientcreations.com /trajan.htm (111 words)

	Trajan's Column - History for Kids! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Trajan's column was built just after 100 AD to remind people in Rome about the Roman emperor Trajan's victories in a war in Dacia (DAY-see-ah) (modern Rumania).
		The message of the column was that the Romans were civilized and good fighters, organized and skilled (and that Trajan was a great general), while the Dacians were shaggy, messy, and confused.
		Trajan's column and the Dacian wars, by Lino Rossi (1971).
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/romans/architecture/trajanscolumn.htm (417 words)

	UST Projects-Trajan's Forum
		A real-time visual simulation model of the Forum of Trajan, the largest of the Imperial Fora in the Forum Romanum, was commissioned in 1996-1997 by the J. Paul Getty Trust for 'Beyond Beauty: Antiquities as Evidence,' one of the major opening exhibitions at the Getty Center in Los Angeles.
		The Urban Simulation Team model was based on the work of James E. Packer, Professor of Classics at Northwestern University and author of the publication Forum of Trajan in Rome.
		The exhibit was also accompanied by an online tour of Trajan's Forum through ArtsEdNet, formerly a program of the Getty Education Institute for the Arts.
	www.ust.ucla.edu /ustweb/Projects/trajans_forum.htm (169 words)

	Piazza di Colonna Trajana
		Today the excavations have brought to light the Forum of Trajan around the surviving column, but the major changes relate to the new enlarged set up of Piazza Venezia and to the immense monument built to celebrate the restored unity of Italy at the end of the XIXth century.
		At the time of Trajan the column was amidst large buildings from which all the details of the strip were clearly visible.
		Louis XIV, who saw himself as the "Trajan of France", ordered a full plaster copy of the reliefs for the French pupils of the Accademia di Francia in Roma he founded in 1666.
	members.tripod.com /romeartlover/Vasi38.html (1109 words)

	Trajan — Infoplease.com
		Trajan's Column - Trajan's Column commemorates his victories over the Dacians.
		Trajan's Wall - Trajan's Wall A line of fortifications stretching across the Dobrudscha from Czernavoda to the...
		On the road again: a Trajanic milestone and the road connections of Aptera, Crete.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0849236.html (299 words)

	Trajan's Column
		The column is now the best preserved feature of Trajan's Forum, which was built near the Quirinal hill, north of the Roman Forum and north-west of Augustus's Forum
		(ii) the pedestal served as the tomb for Trajan's ashes after his death in 117A.D. (iii) the sculptural reliefs, which wind in a spiral 23 times round the shaft to a length for approx.200m, depict the major military victories of Trajan in Dacia (modern Rumania) in two campaigns in AD101-102 and 105-106.
		It is interesting to note that Emperor Constantine used bits and pieces from this forum as materials for his arch.
	www.clas.canterbury.ac.nz /nzact/trajanco.htm (942 words)

	113 A.D.
		Trajan's Column A.D. 113, the square of the Forum of Trajan, Rome.
		Trajan's Column: A Record of the Dacian Campaign and a Monument to Logistics
		Sections of the Trajan's column which bear further investigation.
	www.geocities.com /historyoftents/1stto6thcentury/113.html (440 words)

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