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Topic: Tran Van Tra

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	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Americanization of the war was an implicit acknowledgement that the government of South Vietnam was unable to prosecute the conflict successfully.
		It was decided that operations in the Central Highlands would be turned over to General Van Tien Dung and that Pleiku should be seized, if possible.
		Van now urged the Politburo to allow him to seize Pleiku immediately and then turn his attention to Kontum.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Vietnam_War (8633 words)

	Who is Tran Van Tra?
		Tra was also a private person not often willing to talk about his personal life and family even after the war.
		Tra later commanded Viet Cong forces in the B2 Theater comprising the lower half of South Vietnam.
		The major source for this sketch is Dr. Ernest Bolt, "Tran Van Tra: Putting a Face on a Viet Cong Leader," a paper presented April 23, 1993, at the Vietnam Conference, the Center for the Study of the Vietnam Conflict, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (31 pp.
	www.ur.edu /~ebolt/history398/WhoIsTVT.html (723 words)

	Gill Ott, Tran Van Tra
		Tran Van Tra, like many of us, became a soldier when he was barely twenty years old.
		He became a follower of Ho Chi Minh and a communist, but long before Tran Van Tra ever read Marx or Lenin, he was already a fiercely dedicated nationalist and part of Viet Nam's long history of struggle and resistance against anyone who would deny his people the right to their own self-determination.
		Tra, I'm sure, believes this as perhaps so do some of us, although for me twenty-one years later, it is difficult to find much to commend in what I did in that war.
	lists.village.virginia.edu /sixties/HTML_docs/Texts/Narrative/Ott_Tran_Van_Tra.html (3924 words)

	Tran Van Tra's Comments on Tet '68
		Source: Tran Van Tra, Vietnam: History of the Bulwark B2 Theatre, Vol.
		If you want to know more about Tran Van Tra and Tet 1968, consult his chapter in the following book.
		Tran Van Tra, "Tet: The 1968 General Offensive and General Uprising," ch.
	www.richmond.edu /~ebolt/history398/TranVanTrasCommentsOnTet68_2.html (636 words)

	PARAMETERS, US Army War College Quarterly - Winter 1999-2000
		Tra was blamed by many for devising the plan used in the disastrous Tet 1968 attack on Saigon, and his career had stagnated as a result.[27] Now he saw a chance to redeem himself.
		Tra angrily began lobbying his old comrades in the party leadership, especially First Secretary Le Duan, to reverse the General Staff decision.[28] In the midst of his efforts, fortune finally smiled on Tra.
		Tra was authorized to proceed with his original plans.[30] On 6 January the PAVN 3d and 7th Divisions completed the conquest of Phuoc Long province by taking the province capital and capturing another 10,000 rounds of artillery ammunition.
	carlisle-www.army.mil /usawc/parameters/99winter/pribbeno.htm (3986 words)

	Cast of Principal Characters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tran Van Tra - Born in central Vietnam in 1918.
		Van Tien Dung - Born in 1917; became a protégé of Vo Nguyen Giap.
		Duong Van Minh - Known as 'Big Minh' because of his size, he served as senior army officer under Diem and led the coup against Diem in November 1963, but was toppled shortly after taking power.
	ehistory.osu.edu /vietnam/essays/theend/0029.cfm (518 words)

	General Tran Van Tra: An NVA General Looks Back (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Thus, General Tra's formulation of Hanoi's intentions in the war -- "to fight a long time and cause heavy casualties" and so make the Americans conclude that "the war was unwinnable" -- could have come directly from the American command in Saigon.
		Tran Van Tra died on April 20, 1996, at age 77, after a long illness.
		In the years between my interview with Tra in 1990 and the general's death six years later, I was not able to take advantage of his kind offer to help me research the combat history of the war in Vietnam itself.
	www.thehistorynet.com /vn/bltranvantra/index3.html (1072 words)

	Vietnam: Cease Fire To Capitulation - Chapters 13-18 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tran Van Cam, the deputy commander for operations, II Corps, was left in command of forces in Pleiku Province.
		Nguyen Van Diem, commanding the 1st ARVN Division, reacted by dispatching the 15th Ranger Group with the 61st and 94th Ranger Battalions to reinforce the line and recover lost positions.
		North of the Hai Van Pass, in Phu Loc District of Thua Thien Province, the 15th Ranger Group continued to restore ARVN control in the Nui Bong sector on 17-18 March.
	libraryautomation.com /nymas/Vietnamfulltext3.html (20194 words)

	The Honolulu Papers
		Tran Bach Dang was the Chairman of the Saigon Party Committee throughout the war with the Americans.
		The “Gang of Five” -- Nguyen Van Linh (the Prime Minister when liberalization was initiated), Vo Van Kiet, Tran Van Giau, Tran Van Tra (the illustrious Viet Cong general who commanded the troops who attacked Saigon on Tet of 1968), and Tran Bach Dang -- created doi moi.
		And for the Vietnamese in Paris at the time, the overriding problem was to discover how to get the French colons off their backs, and after that how to modernize without sacrificing the “internal anarchism of the village” so beloved of their compatriots.
	www.geocities.com /moonhoabinh/honopapers/yoyo.html (2406 words)

	5/6/96 INT/MILESTONES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After founding an auto magazine in 1950, Hersant began devouring vulnerable titles, a lifelong habit that earned him the sobriquet "Papivore." The extent of his influence--his media group churned out some 2.5 million copies daily--helped him overcome the ignominy of his collaborationist activities during the Nazi Occupation to win a 24-year tenure in parliament.
		TRAN VAN TRA, 77, outspoken North Vietnamese general who spearheaded pivotal Viet Cong raids into Saigon during the 1968 Tet offensive and directed the final assault on the South Vietnamese capital in 1975; in the city he captured, now Ho Chi Minh City.
		Tra fell abruptly out of favor, however, and was purged from all posts after his 1982 memoir criticized the Tet offensive.
	www.time.com /time/international/1996/960506/milestones.html (461 words)

	Tran Van Tra, Concerning Implementation of the Paris Accords, 1973
		On a Monday in January 1973, at the Regional Command Headquarters, in a bunker in the middle of a jungle base area, the atmosphere was bustling and seething.
		And a considerable number of the enemy, such as Tran Thien Khime, the puppet premier, Lam Van Phat, a puppet major general, and a number of others, knew me. After graduating from the French military academy in Dalat they went to Dong Thap Muoi to join the resistance.
		Thus I recommended that the Central Committee agree to the change and send a message to Paris so that the other side could be informed that the head of the delegation of the PR of the RSV would be Lt. Gen.
	www.ur.edu /~ebolt/history398/TVT--ParisAccords.html (1206 words)

	Hau Nghia Pt 3 Tom Brokaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		According to Tran Van Tra, the Tet Offensive harnessed the energies of all forces at all levels and had two objectives, one political and the other military.
		Thousands of guerrillas died and the general uprising failed, but the offensive's purpose was realized: with the demoralization of the enemy's leadership and the opening of negotiations to end the war.
		Today, Tran Van Tra remains amazed that Tet is considered in America as a "military failure" that was, at best, a freak political success.
	www.vietvet.org /gilbert3.htm (775 words)

	Hau Nghia Pt 3 Tom Brokaw (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		According to Tran Van Tra, the Tet Offensive harnessed the energies of all forces at all levels and had two objectives, one political and the other military.
		Thousands of guerrillas died and the general uprising failed, but the offensive's purpose was realized: with the demoralization of the enemy's leadership and the opening of negotiations to end the war.
		Today, Tran Van Tra remains amazed that Tet is considered in America as a "military failure" that was, at best, a freak political success.
	grunt.space.swri.edu /gilbert3.htm (775 words)

	Tran Van Tra -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The novelist and poet Jacob van Lennep was the leading man of letters in The Netherlands in the mid-19th century.
		Biographical sketch of Vincent Willem van Gogh, considered as the greatest Dutch painter after Rembrandt, and one of the greatest of the Post-Impressionists, supplemented with a collection of his paintings.
		Van Gogh moved to the town of Arles in Provence, hoping to find more subjects for his painting.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9113393 (767 words)

	Vietnam Government Information
		The Vietnamese President, presently Tran Duc Luong, functions as head of state but also serves as the nominal commander of the armed forces and chairman of the Council on National Defense and Security.
		The Prime Minister of Vietnam, presently Phan Van Khai, heads a cabinet currently composed of three deputy prime ministers and the heads of 26 ministries and commissions, all confirmed by the National Assembly.
		Five of the Politburo members--President Tran Duc Luong, Prime Minister Phan Van Khai, Deputy Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung, Minister of Public Security Le Hong Anh, and Defense Minister Pham Van Tra--concurrently hold high positions in the government, while another--Nguyen Van An--serves as Chairman of the National Assembly.
	www.traveldocs.com /vn/govern.htm (640 words)

	Cold War International History Project's Cold War Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Van Tien Dung served as the Military Chief of Staff for North Vietnam from 1953-1980.
		Tran Van Tra was the chair of the Military Affairs Committee of the CSOVN from 1964-1976.
		As a deputy commander in the Communist military, Tran Van Tra also led the attack on Saigon during the Tet Offensive.
	www.coldwarfiles.org /index.cfm?thisunit=0&fuseaction=people.list (2868 words)

	CalendarHome.com - Easter Offensive - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Following the failure of the offensive, General Giap was replaced by his deputy, General Van Tien Dung.
		Due to the intransigence of South Vietnam's President Nguyen Van Thieu (who demanded reassurence that the U.S. would not abandon his nation after any agreement) and by new demands by Hanoi, the peace talks stalled in December.
		This led President Richard M. Nixon, to launch Operation Linebacker II, a bombing campaign aimed at Hanoi and the port of Haiphong.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Easter_Offensive (964 words)

	Vietnam finds mass grave of soldiers - Boston.com - Asia - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The remains of the six soldiers, recovered in Hai Lam village in Quang Tri province, some 360 miles south of Hanoi, were buried at a military cemetery on Monday, said village chief Tran Van Tra.
		The remains of eight soldiers were recovered in the late 1970s, Tra said.
		Separately, Le Tran Binh, director of the Biology Technology Institute, said his institute has identified 36 sets of remains of Vietnamese soldiers -- three killed during the war against the French and 33 killed during the war against the Americans -- since 2003.
	www.boston.com /news/world/asia/articles/2005/07/26/vietnam_finds_mass_grave_of_soldiers (323 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- Untangling the Knots of the Truce -- Feb. 12, 1973 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		General Tran Van Tra, chief representative of the Viet Cong on the Joint Military Commission—aboard an American helicopter.
		Tra, 55, is deputy commander of the Communists in South Viet Nam and the man who directed the 1968 Tet offensive.
		Tra's presence in Saigon was necessary to help untangle the intricate web of arrangements on which the truce depends.
	time-proxy.yaga.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,903813,00.html (1223 words)

	VIETNAM, NEWS ANALYSIS, NOVEMBER 6, 1999
		The author of this editorial is Tran Trong Tan, a former head of the Culture and Ideology Committee in the VCP Central Committee.
		Tran Trong Tan says in his article that the VCP is ignoring all complaints of the people, and people's discontentment could bring forth adversary effects to the Party.
		Tran Trong Tan is still a VCP member, and retired from official position 2 years ago.
	www.vietquoc.com /nov6-99.htm (1112 words)

	Part Six (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Van Dyke, Jon M. North Vietnam's Strategy for Survival.
		This is the only volume that has been published in Vietnam so far; it is generally believed that Tra got in trouble for having published it.
		The texts of two short works by the man who was General Secretary of the Vietnam Workers' (Communist) Party, lost the job in 1956 for his errors in connection with land reform, and finally got it back again (under a slightly different title) in 1986.
	grunt.space.swri.edu /moise6.htm (3923 words)

	Moïse's Bibliography: The Communists
		The life of Nguyen Van Tung, a PAVN soldier, as written by Delezen, who had served as a recon Marine in the same area (northern I Corps) as Tung, and who became friends with Tung while visiting Vietnam long after the war.
		Tran Kim Tien, NIC Case No. 043/23/67, was a tank driver in the PAVN 1963-1965.
		The proposals made at the conference by Tran Van Do, who as Foreign Minister in Diem's cabinet was head of this delegation, have been published in the Pentagon Papers (see Gravel edition, vol.
	www.clemson.edu /caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/comm.html (2190 words)

	General Tran Van Tra: An NVA General Looks Back (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Tra: Yes, there was a forward command post.
		Tra: We had to change our plan and make it different from when we fought the Saigon regime, because we now had to fight two adversaries -- the United States and South Vietnam.
		Tra: Strategically it was a war of attrition.
	thehistorynet.com /vn/bltranvantra/index2.html (584 words)

	John M. Gates, Ch. 8, People's War in Vietnam - Title
		[48] In his memoir, General Tran Van Tra, commanding communist forces in the region surrounding Saigon, observed that as late as 1973 "all units were in disarray, there was a lack of manpower,.
		According to General Tra, the successful attack on Phuoc Long province that preceded the 1975 offensive was the work of two "understrength" divisions, "in combination with the local forces," and he noted similar cooperation between local and regular forces in the Mekong Delta at the time of the general offensive.
		General Tra, for example, maintained that the 1975 offensive was "not a plan to launch a general counteroffensive.
	www.wooster.edu /history/jgates/book-ch8.html (5288 words)

	Vietnam the Final Battle
		A cornerstone of the cease-fire agreement was a secret promise by President Nixon of $3.25 billion in reparations, contained in a letter to Pham Van Dong, prime minister of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ("North Vietnam").
		One of the survivors was Professor Nguyen Van Xang, a stooped man who could be Ho Chi Minhs brother and whose office is dominated by a picture of the rubble it was.
		That is why it has allowed its own journals to criticize their political masters and has made a subversive hero of the late Gen. Tran Van Tra, the brilliant, nonconformist commander of the victorious army in South Vietnam in 1975, who later formed a dissident group, the Society of Resistance Fighters.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /New_World_Order/Vietnam_FinalBattle.html (6955 words)

	Vietnam Government
		Two separate governments in North and South Vietnam were planned until the surprisingly swift disintegration of the South Vietnamese government eliminated the need for a lengthy transition.
		Following the establishment of communist control in the South, the government immediately was placed under a Military Management Commission, directed by Senior Lieutenant General Tran Van Tra with the assistance of local People's Revolutionary Committees.
		At a reunification conference in November 1975, the Party's plans for uniting North and South were announced, and elections for a single National Assembly -- the highest state organ -- were held on April 26, 1976, the first anniversary of the Southern victory.
	www.country-studies.com /vietnam/government.html (699 words)

	Republic of Vietnam Army Ranger
		The Tran Hung Dao II began to mope up the infiltrators from their hiding places.
		The people of Saigon felt safer when the 5th ranger group moved its forward HQ to the racetracks inside the city for directing the ranger units, which were assigned to protect the east and southeast sides of the city.
		The rangers defeated the enemy but casualties were high, in the first week of July 1968, the rangers lost three high ranking officers, Colonel Dao Ba Phuoc commander of the 5th group, Captain Nguyen Van Uc deputy commander of the 34th ranger and Major Nguyen Nganh commander of the 41st ranger battalion.
	www.bietdongquan.com /article1/armyranger.htm (6249 words)

	Rocky Mountain News (Denver, CO) : GEN. TRAN VAN TRA, WHO LED NORTH VIETNAMESE INTO ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Senior Gen. Tran Van Tra, who led some of the first North Vietnamese troops into Saigon at the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, has died at age 77.
		Gen. Tra's death on Saturday in Ho Chi Minh City was given front-page treatment on Tuesday in Vietnam's official press, which carried photos of a youthful-looking commander decorated in full military regalia.
		He was sent to South Vietnam in 1963 and later served as the military head of the underground government.
	static.elibrary.com /r/rockymountainnewsdenverco/april241996/gentranvantrawholednorthvietnameseintosaigonnewsna/index.html (269 words)

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