Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

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Topic: Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

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	Trans-Alaska Pipeline System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), usually called the Alyeska Pipeline in Alaska or the Alaska Pipeline elsewhere, is a major U.S. oil pipeline connecting oil fields in northern Alaska to a sea port where the oil can be shipped to the Lower 48 states for refining.
		A pipeline was considered the only viable system for transporting the oil to the nearest ice-free port, almost 800 miles (1,287 km) away at Valdez.
		As well as the harsh environment, the need to cross three mountain ranges and many rivers and streams, the permafrost of Alaska meant that almost half of the pipeline's length had to be elevated rather than buried as normal to prevent the ground melting and shifting.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System (1177 words)

	Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Trans-Afghanistan Pipeline (or TAP) is a proposed natural gas pipeline being developed by the Asian Development Bank.
		The pipeline will transport Caspian Sea natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan, into Pakistan and the Indian Ocean.
		Building the pipeline was cited by some critics of the Bush administration as a motivation for the invasion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trans-Afghanistan_Pipeline (241 words)

	A Sightseer's Guide to Engineering - Details for Pump Station No. 9-Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
		The $8-billion Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, one of history's most difficult engineering feats, was the largest private construction project of its time.
		Most pipeline systems of the time were buried, but, in Alaska, much of the land is underlaid by permafrost.
		Built in 1975-77, the 800-mile, 4-foot-diameter, zigzagging pipeline carries crude oil from 250 miles north of the Arctic Circle down to the terminal at Valdez, the nearest ice-free port.
	engineeringsights.org /SightDetail.asp?Sightid=535&id=ak&view=s&... (220 words)

	Alaskan Pipeline
		The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System was the largest private construction project of its time.
		The Trans-Alaska Pipeline took $8 billion and two years to build.
		The zigzagging pipeline carries crude oil from 250 miles north of the Arctic Circle to the terminal at Valdez.
	www.engineergirl.org /nae/cwe/egmain.nsf/(weblinks)/ESER-5J9KNQ?opendocument (95 words)

	Alaska Pipeline, Alyeska Pipeline, Alaska History
		Construction of the Trans Alaska Pipeline System began April 29, 1974 and was completed June 20, 1977.
		The Alaska Pipeline is one of the great engineering feats of the modern world, and a favorite of visitors.
		In some places, the 48 inch pipeline is elevated above ground and in others it is buried 8 to 16 feet below.
	alaskaphotography.com /photos/historical/alaska_pipeline_cruises.html (288 words)

	Latest News Release
		The Trans Alaska Pipeline is one of the largest pipeline systems in the world, transporting approximately 1 million barrels per day of crude oil 800 miles from Prudhoe Bay on the state’s North Slope to the Port of Valdez in the south.
		Williams’ presence in Alaska currently includes a petroleum refinery in North Pole that receives crude oil from the Trans Alaska Pipeline System, a distribution terminal at the Port of Anchorage, 28 retail petroleum convenience stores and an interest in an air cargo transfer facility at Anchorage International Airport.
		The sale is subject to rights of first refusal by the other owners in the pipeline system, and to the approvals of the Federal Trade Commission and the state attorneys general of Alaska, California, Oregon and Washington in connection with the approval of the ExxonMobil merger.
	www.williams.com /newsmedia/newsreleases/rel496.html (391 words)

	Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
		Mammoth in its scope and undertaking, the 48-inch-diameter, 800-mile-long pipeline was built to unprecedented environmental standards.
		The system has provided nearly 25 percent of the nation’s domestically-produced crude oil (14 billion barrels) over the past 30 years.
		(Abstract Only) Alaska has had two OCEA award-winning projects over the years.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0522092 (109 words)

	PSF: Pipeline Research Materials
		For example, the 1950s and 60s were peak decades of construction, and two-thirds of all pipeline miles were built before 1970 (and nearly a quarter built before 1950), documenting the extent of our aging pipeline system.
		Pipeline leaks can go undetected for years, they are subject to less regulation than tankers and barges ("even in the U.S."), and there are no international funding mechanisms or conventions as with the international tanker trade.
		This conference is typical of how regulators, industry executives and their private and academic consultants meet to discuss pipeline safety problems with the participation of environmental experts or state and local government officials experienced in the impacts of lax regulations and operations.
	www.pipelinesafetyfoundation.org /research1.shtml (4372 words)

	BP Global - About BP - Pipelines and shipping
		The main existing crude lines are the Trans Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) in the USA, which transported an average million barrels of oil a day in 2002, and the Forties Pipelines System (FPS) in the UK sector of the North Sea where average throughput in 2002 was 820 thousand barrels a day.
		One of the main natural gas pipelines we operate and have a 29.5% interest in is the Central Area Transmission System (CATS) a 400-kilometre natural gas pipeline system in the central UK sector of the North Sea, which in 2002 transported 1.7 billion cubic feet of gas a day to Teesside in North East England.
		The system includes five pipelines sized to transport a total of 1.0 million barrels of crude oil per day and 1.7 billion cubic feet per day.
	www.bp.com /sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=17&contentId=2006533 (411 words)

	George Glazer Gallery - Trans-Alaska Pipeline Relic Map
		Since June 20, 1977, the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System has connected the oilfields in northern Alaska to the seaport at Valdez where the oil is shipped to the continental United States for refining.
		Relic map of Alaska cut by the Supervisor of Welders from a section of steel pipe used to construct the Alaska Oil Pipeline.
		The pipeline is shown as an attached rod of metal running from Prudhoe Bay (where the oil is extracted) to Valdez (where it was loaded to tankers for shipment).
	www.georgeglazer.com /prints/industry/alaskapipeline.html (162 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Proposed Information Collection--Trans-Alaska Pipeline System Employee Concerns Program Survey
		The respondents are employees of the trans-Alaska pipeline system.
		Alyeska's operation of the pipeline is subject to oversight by the Joint Pipeline Office (JPO), which comprises a number of Federal and State of Alaska agencies whose interests are affected by the pipeline.
		Due to the serious impact on the U.S. economy and on the Alaskan environment that a major TAPS failure would have, Congress believes that the pipeline operator should be more responsive to employee concerns.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-GENERAL/1999/November/Day-17/g30034.htm (847 words)

	Environmental, Social, and Economic Analysis of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
		Although the system had never experienced a catastrophic oil spill, the combination of its age and the potential impacts of such an accident generated considerable concern about its continuation in the minds of many.
		The area traversed by the long pipeline includes a broad range of physical, natural, and human environmental settings, and impacts had to be analyzed for all.
		In addition, the TAPS carries what in many ways is the economic lifeblood of the state of Alaska, contributing nearly 80% of state-generated revenues, placing the TAPS in a unique position relative to the economic future of the state.
	www.ead.anl.gov /project/dsp_fsdetail.cfm?PrintVersion=true&id=86 (939 words)

	North Slope Oil--The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
		The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is a 48-inch diameter, 800-mile-long pipeline capable of moving 2 million barrels per day (bpd).
		A minimum economic rate of 200,000 BOPD (barrels of oil per day) for the pipeline will be reached by year-end 2014 (18 years from now).
		Shutdown of the pipeline at that time would leave about 500 million barrels of oil in the ground.
	energy.usgs.gov /factsheets/NSlope/transport.html (156 words)

	Trans-Alaska Pipeline system
		TAPS is the transportation system that moves crude oil from the Alaska North Slope to the Valdez Marine Terminal.
		The Department of the Interior issued a Grant of Right-of-Way and the State of Alaska issued the State Lease of Right-of-Way in 1974 and pipeline construction began shortly thereafter.
		The land freeze prevented construction of the pipeline but led to the passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in 1971.
	www.jpo.doi.gov /TAPS/TAPS.htm (367 words)

	Public Comments Needed for Trans-Alaska Pipeline Permit
		The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) is the 800-mile transportation conduit from the North Slope oil fields to Valdez.
		Come to the public hearings around Alaska and voice your opinion on the contents of the DEIS and the reauthorization for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS), as well as the State Proposed Determination contained in the DEIS.
		The fall 2001 spills on pipeline startup, the failed response to the Livengood bullet hole spill and a 21-inch shift in a section of pipeline at Atigun Pass that went undetected for several months are just the tip of the iceberg.
	www.northern.org /artman/publish/printer_18.shtml (976 words)

	Sample Question: The Trans-alaska pipeline system carries crude oil from Alaska's North Slope 800 miles to the port of Valdez
		Sample Question: The Trans-alaska pipeline system carries crude oil from Alaska's North Slope 800 miles to the port of Valdez on the south coast of Alaska.
		Sample Question: The Trans-alaska pipeline system carries crude oil from Alaska's North Slope 800 miles to the port of Valdez
		Because the pipeline mixes oils of different degrees, shippers in Valdez typically receive oil of different quality than they purchased.
	php.iupui.edu /~pcarlin/E270Summer99/Sample2.htm (210 words)

	Trans-Alaska pipeline owners file for right of way renewal - 05/02/2001
		The trans-Alaska pipeline system is owned by BP Pipelines (Alaska) Inc., Phillips Transportation Alaska, ExxonMobil Pipeline Co., Williams Alaska Pipeline Co. LLC, Amerada Hess Pipeline Corp. and Unocal Pipeline Co. Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. operates the pipeline system as agent for the owners.
		The Bureau of Land Management and the Alaska Department of Natural Resources said May 2 that they have received applications to renew the trans-Alaska pipeline system right of way authorizations and will begin reviewing the applications for completeness, a review that could take up to 90 days.
		BLM and DNR are the lead agencies in the Joint Pipeline Office, a consortium of seven state and six federal agencies that oversee the trans-Alaska pipeline.
	www.petroleumnews.com /nbarch/07-50-1.html (533 words)

	Trans-Alaska Pipeline Right-Of-Way
		- Under the provisions of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act, the Secretary of Interior is required to renew the right-of-way as long as the project is in commercial operation and operated and maintained with pertinent laws and regulations.
		“TAPS is the most stringently monitored and regulated oil pipeline system in the United States, regulated by 21 Federal, State, and local government entities.
		The State of Alaska in 2002 granted a 30-year renewal for portions of the right-of-way crossing State lands).
	resourcescommittee.house.gov /transportation/press/press2003/release1.html (506 words)

	FinebergResearch.com -The Oil Patch - Commentary home page
		The five energy companies that own the trans-Alaska oil pipeline are proposing excessive rate increases for next year to ship crude oil down the 800-mile line, the state said in a protest filed Wednesday with federal regulators.
		Pipeline transportation rates, known as tariffs, are vitally important to the state, which relies heavily on taxes and royalties on oil pumped from beneath state land.
		Because the overhaul of the pipeline, which went into service in 1977, involves shutting down some pump stations and buildings that are no longer needed, it is at least partly a dismantlement project.
	www.finebergresearch.com /tapsecon.html (2054 words)

	08/09/01 -- Public comment sought on Trans-Alaska Pipeline System renewal
		The 800-mile-long pipeline system transports crude oil from Alaska's North Slope to the ice-free Port Valdez on the northeastern shore of Alaska's Prince William Sound.
		The Alaska State Office of the Bureau of Land Management has determined that the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) owners' application for a renewal of the right-of-way is a major federal action that requires an environmental impact statement.
		The bureau is the lead federal agency in the Joint Pipeline Office, a consortium of six federal and seven state agencies that oversee the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System.
	www.climateark.org /articles/2001/3rd/pucosoug.htm (645 words)

	Alaskan pipeline’s environmental impact studied
		Argonne’s environmental impact statement of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) played a key role in the federal decision to renew this national energy project for the next 30 years.
		The pipeline crosses many rivers as well as the migration routes of caribou and moose, long a means of economic and cultural resources for Alaskan Natives.
		Though the crude oil TAPS helps these oil companies bring to market is responsible for a majority of the State of Alaska’s budget, there has long been concern over the pipeline’s effect on its surroundings.
	www.anl.gov /Media_Center/Frontiers/2004/d5ee.html (461 words)

	SitNews - State Protests 2005 Trans-Alaska Pipeline Oil Transportation Tariffs
		Juneau, Alaska - The state on Wednesday filed a protest with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, objecting that the proposed 2005 interstate oil transportation tariffs for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System are too high.
		The pipeline owners filed their proposed 2005 interstate tariffs Dec. 1, governing the charges for shipping a barrel of oil from Pump Station No. 1 on the North Slope to the port of Valdez for delivery out of state.
		Each of the five pipeline owners files its own tariff each year, with the proposed 2005 rates ranging from $3.52 to $3.98 per barrel.
	www.sitnews.us /1204news/121604/121604_tariffs.html (347 words)

	Alaska Pipeline
		Almost 13 billion barrels have moved through the Trans Alaska Pipeline System by 2000.
		The Alaska Pipeline was built by a cortsortium of seven companies.
		Above-ground sections of the pipeline are built in a zig zag configuration to allow for expansion or contraction of the pipe because of temperature changes.
	www.alaska.net /~logjam/pipeline.html (471 words)

	Sitnews -Stories in the News - Ketchikan, Alaska - News, Features, Opinion Polls
		The State of Alaska on November 26 signed right-of-way renewals for that portion of the pipeline that crosses state lands.
		The pipeline is 800 miles: 427 miles are located on federal land; 344 miles are located on state land; and 29 miles are located on private land.
		The TAPS pipeline crosses 600 streams and three major mountain ranges on its 800-mile course from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez.
	www.sitnews.net /0103news/010903_taps.html (560 words)

	Northern Alaska Environmental Center :: Arctic :: Trans-Alaska Pipeline
		The Alaska Forum for Environmental Responsibility - a nonprofit organization dedicated to holding industry and government accountable to environmental laws and regulations - is the lead organization for monitoring the pipeline.
		The pipeline extends through 800 miles of Alaskan wildlands, from Prudhoe Bay in the Arctic to Valdez, on the Gulf of Alaska.
		Today, the pipeline is an aging giant with the potential for accidents that would be detrimental to both the environment and workers' safety.
	www.northern.org /artman/publish/taps.shtml (303 words)

	TAPS Renewal EIS Web Site
		The U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM), in cooperation with the State of Alaska, has prepared the environmental impact statement (EIS) for renewal of the Federal Agreement and Grant of Right-of-Way for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS).
		The renewal would permit continued operation of the pipeline system by the TAPS owner companies for up to 30 years beyond expiration of the current agreement in 2004.
		The State of Alaska TAPS Right-of-Way Renewal Process: The State of Alaska is also in the process of renewing the State Right-of-Way Lease for TAPS.
	tapseis.anl.gov (286 words)

	FinebergResearch.com -The Oil Patch
		The right-of-way review process was spearheaded by the Joint Pipeline Office (JPO), an umbrella group of state and federal agencies headed by the federal Bureau of Land Management and the Alaska Department of Natural Resources.
		In addition to support from the environmental community and concerned residents of the pipeline corridor, the COG proposal was endorsed by Native leaders at both ends of the pipeline, including North Slope Borough Mayor George Ahmaogak and Eyak Native Village President Bob Henrichs from Prince William Sound.
		Richard A. Fineberg, The Emperor's New Hose: How Big Oil Gets Rich Gambling with Alaska's Environment (Alaska Forum for Environmental Responsibility [AFER], June 2002), ch.
	www.finebergresearch.com /tapsenviro.html (1673 words)

	ExxonMobil Trans Alaskan Pipeline
		The Trans Alaska Pipeline is one of the largest pipeline systems in the world, transporting approximately one million barrels per day of crude oil 800 miles from Prudhoe Bay on the state's North Slope to the Port of Valdez in the south.
		Closing of this sale is subject to the preferential rights of the other owners of the pipeline system, as well as approval of the Federal Trade Commission and the State Attorneys General of Alaska, California, Oregon and Washington.
		The pipeline was built between 1974 and 1977 at a cost of approximately $8 billion.
	home.nc.rr.com /wwalk/EngineeringWonders/xom_alaska_pipeline.html (258 words)

	UAF Newsroom: Oil and Gas Tip Sheet
		An experimental test pipeline was built in 1999 to measure the effects of frost heave, upward movement of the pipeline and induced bending strain in pipes.
		A new study is being proposed to investigate the uplift resistance of frozen soil, earth pressure applied to pipes and earthquake effects on the pipeline.
		NASA and Alaska Synthetic Aperture Radar Facility staff have collaborated on synthetic aperture radar mapping of the economic corridor from Fairbanks to the Canadian border, resulting in digital elevation maps.
	www.uaf.edu /news/res_oil-gas.html (1787 words)

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Topic: Trans-Alaska Pipeline System

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