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Topic: Transalpine Gaul

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	Transalpine Gaul - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Transalpine Gaul was a Roman province whose name was chosen to distinguish it from Cisalpine Gaul.
		Transalpine means "that side of the Alps", while Cisalpine would mean "this side of the Alps".
		Cisalpine Gaul was on the east of the Alps range, while Transalpine Gaul was to the west.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Transalpine_Gaul (183 words)

	Encyclopedia: Transalpine Gaul
		Cisalpine Gaul (Latin: Gallia Cisalpina, meaning Gaul this side of the Alps) was aprovince of the Roman Republic, in modern-day northern Italy.
		The Gaul in Italy was called Cisalpine Gaul [Cisalpine, from Lat.=on this side the Alps], as opposed to Transalpine Gaul; Cisalpine Gaul was divided into Cispadane Gaul [on this side the Po] and Transpadane Gaul.
		The greatest testimony to the stability and thoroughness of the culture of Roman Gaul is the survival of the Latin language as French.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transalpine-Gaul (462 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cisalpine Gaul
		Gallia (in English Gaul) is the Latin name for the region of western Europe occupied by present-day France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river.
		Roman Gaul The flag of the Cisalpine Republic was the Transpadane Republic vertical Italian tricolour, with the square shape of the Cispadane Republic The Cisalpine Republic (Italian: Repubblica Cisalpina) was a French client republic in Northern Italy that lasted from 1797 to 1802.
		The region of Italy occupied by the Gauls was called Cisalpine Gaul ("Gaul this side of the Alps") by the Romans.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cisalpine-Gaul (612 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Gauls themselves add to the report, and invent what the case seemed to require, [namely] that Caesar was detained by commotions in the city, and could not, amid so violent dissensions, come to his army.
		A certain Gaul before the gate of the town, who was casting into the fire opposite the turret balls of tallow and fire which were passed along to him, was pierced with a dart on the right side and fell dead.
		The Gauls being intimidated by fear of this, lest the passes should be pre-occupied by the Roman cavalry, desisted from their design.
	www.molloy.edu /academic/philosophy/SOPHIA/topics/France/gallic7.htm (5178 words)

	Roman Provence - ProvenceBeyond
		Cisalpine Gaul was the area of Northern Italy conquered by the Romans in 222 BC.
		Transalpine Gaul was ravaged during the 5th century by Burgundian, Franks and Visigoths.
		Clovis the 1st [Kings, Merovingian] appeared as the king of the Franks, and in 486, he conquered the area and it became part of the kingdom of the Franks.
	www.beyond.fr /history/romanh.html (551 words)

	Transalpine Gaul - Defeat of 121 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Transalpine Gaul - Defeat of 121 BC Transalpine Gaul - the Defeat of 121 BC The Greek City of Marseilles, which was regularly attacked by the surrounding Gauls, appealed several times to their long-term ally, Rome, for help.
		This route passed through the middle of Gaul and was the other reason for Rome's help, since Rome no doubt wished to take control of the routes that opened up north of Marseilles towards the Rhône Valley and the Alps.
		The Allobroges yielded to the power of Rome which reduced the nations of the south of Gaul to the status of a province.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /transalpine-gaul-defeat121bc.htm (243 words)

	The Celts [1000BC - 150BC] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Celtic land, to the north and to the west of the Alpes, was known as Transalpine Gaul [Gaul across the Alpes].
		Transalpine Gaul included the lands from the Channel southeast to the Western Alpes, south to the Mediterranean and the Pyrenees and east from the Atlantic to the Rhine River.
		In the middle of the 1st century, Transalpine Gaul became a distinct Roman territory as a result of the campaigns of Julius Caesar.
	64.225.56.9 /The%20Celts%20[1000BC-150BC].htm (1505 words)

	Gaul
		B.C., Rome had acquired Southern Transalpine Gaul, and by the time of Julius Caesar it had been pacified.
		B.C. He is the best ancient source on Gaul, and he has immortalized its three ethnic divisions, Aquitania (South of the Garonne), Celtic Gaul (modern central France), and Belgica (very roughly Belgium).
		Upper and Lower Germany were taken from Gaul; these included the upper Rhine, Alsace, Western Switzerland, the Franche-Comté, Eastern Belgium, Southern Netherlands, and the Rhineland.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/G/Gaul.html (501 words)

	Gaul on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		By 121 BC, Rome had acquired S Transalpine Gaul, and by the time of Julius Caesar it had been pacified.
		He is the best ancient source on Gaul, and he has immortalized its three ethnic divisions, Aquitania (S of the Garonne), Celtic Gaul (modern central France), and Belgica (very roughly Belgium).
		Gaul to seek changes in county bond fund operation.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/Gaul_Bibliography.asp (1238 words)

	Julius Caesar: The Last Dictator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gaul's romanization survived the fall of the city that conquered it.
		Perhaps the greatest irony of all is that Caesar initially appeared to the Gauls in the guise of a protector.
		He was particularly aware that, before he could move into Gaul's interior, he had to secure his rear (northeastern Gaul) from German incursions, in the area of the Belgic tribes between the Moselle and the North Sea, many of which were ethnically German.
	heraklia.fws1.com /battles/The%20Gallic%20Wars/Index.html (4862 words)

	HISTORY OF ROME House of Julii
		The Gauls were facing the bigger force of Romans that of Lucius who was leading the army from Arretium.
		The Romans outnumbered the Gauls 2 to 1 and it was an easy victory mostly done by the Roman Equites units and hired barbarian horsemen.
		The Gauls managed to flank his rear but he managed to rout the Gauls in front of him and turned on his enemies at the rear.
	montinola.org /pics/rome/history (4308 words)

	The Gallic Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Caesar obtained for himself a five-year provincial command of Illyricum and Gaul, and in 58 BC, the consulship having ended, he set forth to pursue his personal fortunes and power in the north.
		Transalpine Gaul between the Alps and the Pyrenees formed the province of Narbonensis, which the Romans called the Province.
		The rest of Transalpine Gaul, north and east to the Rhine River, was occupied by various Celtic tribes.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/figura/latin507/spring99/projects/b/991b1.htm (462 words)

	Transalpine Gaul -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		All of Transalpine Gaul was annexed by Julius…
		The consul Gnaeus Mallius Maximus was sent from Italy in 105 with an army to reinforce that of the proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio and began negotiations with the...
		A heroic prose romance of chivalry, the Amadís of Gaul (in Spanish, Amadís de Gaula) is the tale of a chaste knight who performed incredible deeds for the love of an English princess.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9073176 (740 words)

	French History Outline, The Celts in France, Caesar's conquest of Gaul and Rome in France [1000 BC - 489 AD]
		South of the Alpes, the Romans knew the Celtic territory as Cisalpine Gaul [Gaul this side of the Alpes].
		What the Romans called Transalpine Gaul is now France and Belgium, along with parts of Germany, The Netherlands, and Switzerland.
		Transalpine Gaul became a distinct Roman territory as a result of the campaigns of Julius Caesar.
	www.french-at-a-touch.com /French_History/history_the_celts_1000bc-150bc.htm (1471 words)

	Gaul on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Julius Caesar conquered Gaul in the Gallic Wars (58 BC-51 BC).
		Chantier de fouilles archÃ©ologiques en Gironde Des archÃ©ologues ont annoncÃ© mercredi la dÃ©couverte d'un lieu de culte gaul.
		Los servicios de emergencia trabajan el 23 de mayo tras desplomarse una pasarela del aeropuerto de Roissy-Charles de Gaul.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/g/gaul.asp (1238 words)

	Gaul
		Amadis of Gaul - Amadis of Gaul, Fr.
		Gaul: Roman Rule - Roman Rule By 121 B.C., Rome had acquired S Transalpine Gaul, and by the time of Julius Caesar it...
		Gaul: Effects of Roman Rule - Effects of Roman Rule Although the Romans had won political control over Gaul, they never succeeded...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0820338.html (231 words)

	Geographic-historical scope (from France) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Gaul under the high empire (50 – 250)
		Gaul under the late Roman Empire (250– 400)
		Gaul and Germany at the end of the 5th century
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-40257 (78 words)

	Gallia
		The Gauls were related to the wild Britons, who painted their skin blue before going into battle, and the stubborn Iberians of Spain, who, despite repeated Roman attempts to subdue them, continually rose up in rebellion.
		The Gaulish tribes were disunited and unprepared, and Caesar rapidly secured all of Gaul from the Pyrenees to the Rhine, and from the English Channel to the Mediterranean.
		While Caesar was engaged in these acts of bravado, the Gauls meanwhile organized a revolt under the command of the chieftain Vercingetorix.
	www.youngstranger.com /history/roman/gallia.html (583 words)

	Gallic Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They trade frequently with Transalpine Gaul, although Roman and Greek traders do not always succeed in safely negotiating the territory of the Allobroges.
		Certainly their capital city Avaricum is the largest "oppidum" or fortified settlement in Gaul, the Bituriges proudly calling Avaricum, the "Queen of Cities." Frequently at war with the Pictones and the Arverni, over territory, the Bituriges are seperated from the Carnutes by the wide Liger River, which has limited their clashes.
		Lutetia reportedly has never been taken by assault in the endemic inter-tribal warfare of Gaul and for that reason the Parisii are not to be discounted in the power struggle of the tribes.
	www.donaldhs.vic.edu.au /home/spotter/Gallic_Tribes.html (777 words)

	Spring 2001 Classics 100B--Caesar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Note that this map shows all of Gaul as already conquered-think that away!] Extraordinarily, however, it was stipulated by law that he would hold this command for a full 5 years (probably 58 through 54 BC).
		When the governor of Transalpine Gaul suddenly died on duty in 59, Caesar was given this "province" as well, on the same terms.
		Since their great invasion of Gaul and north Italy toward the end of the second century, the German peoples had inspired considerable fear among the Romans.
	www.classics.ucsb.edu /courses/MorsteinMarx/CLASS100B/S01/Caesar.html (833 words)

	Gaul was an area - Question.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cisalpine Gaul was the area of Northern Italy...
		the Alps); "ancient transalpine Gaul was an area northwest of the Alps...
		Roman rule in Gaul was established by Julius Caesar, who defeated the Celtic tribes in Gaul 58-51...
	www.question.com /find/Gaul+was+an+area.html (525 words)

	Royal and Noble - History - Ancient - German Roman Wars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Consul Aurelius Scaurus is killed in Gaul by the Cimbri and Teutoni.
		Gaul is looted and ravaged by the Germans.
		The Frank Magnentius, whose father was a LŽte in Gaul, declares himself Emperor in Autun.
	www.royalandnoble.com /History/Ancient%20History/germanromanwars.html (3080 words)

	Athena Review 1,4: Caesar's Campaigns in Gaul
		Upon the sudden death of the governor of Transalpine Gaul, that province was quickly added to Caesar's command.
		The rest of Gaul, however, remained on a pre-state level, and were among those termed "Barbarians" by the Greeks and Romans.
		Caesar reports that the Gauls were "extremely devoted to superstitious rites" and that many human sacrifices were conducted, generally according with Strabo's accounts: "...they who are troubled with unusually severe diseases, and they who are engaged in battles and dangers...
	www.athenapub.com /caesarg1.htm (1747 words)

	Virtual visit : Men - Vienne in Transalpine Gaul - The romanisation of the Allobroges
		The nations, subjugated by Rome and reduced to the status of a province had to pay tribute-money, various taxes, rents on the land which, with certain exceptions, belonged thenceforth to the State of Rome, and tolls, provide rations and auxiliary troops for the armies and do all sorts of forced labour.
		During the conquest of Merovingian Gaul, between 58 and 52 BC, while Julius Caesar expressed his distrust of the Allobroges, they ultimately remained faithful to the Romans.
		Following the end of the war with the Gauls, it seemed that Caesar, basing himself on this loyalty, founded (in 46 - 45?) a Roman colony in Vienne for army veterans, confiscating land from the Allobroges.
	www.culture.gouv.fr /culture/arcnat/vienne/en/histoire31.htm (300 words)

	RedRampant.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Once the Helvettii were dealt with Caeser went on to defeat Ariovistus and his germans which had crossed into Gaul.
		The Sugambri, a german tribe, invades the land of the Eburones, hoping to claim booty from the already defeated Gauls.
		Despite having to fight the Gauls inside the town while being attacked from Gallic relief forces from behind, the Romans prevail through the use of an extensive wall and seige works.
	www.redrampant.com /roma/gaul_timeline.html (357 words)

	Tacitus: Germania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Essentially modern-day France, the Romans designated Gaul as the area between the English Channel and the Pyrenees mountains to the north and south, and the Alps and the Atlantic ocean on the east and west.
		The Romans thought of Gaul as divided into 2 parts geographically; Cisalpine (meaning roughly “On this side of the alps”,), and Transalpine (across the alps) Gaul.
		From there on, Gaul and Rome enjoyed close relations that lasted until the 5th century when the Franks, Goths, and Huns destroyed western rome and took over Gaul.
	nths.newtrier.k12.il.us /academics/faculty/seifert/lwp_439/latin/template.php?page=gaul (179 words)

	[No title]
		The plural---{\it Galliae} and {\it Galliarum}---used of the several divisions of Gaul, occurs in Cicero ({\it Fam.,} viii, 5, \S 2; 9, \S 2; \&c.); and Caesar wished to make it clear that he meant the whole of Transalpine Gaul.
		He thinks that Caesar intended to show how anxious the chiefs were for secrecy, {\it secreto} implying that they wished inquisitive persons to be excluded from the proposed interview, {\it in occulto} that they wished it to be held in a hidden spot.
		Caesar foresaw that when he went to Gaul he would have to deal both with the Helvetii and with Ariovistus; and to dispose of two formidable hosts separately would be quite as much as he could manage.
	wiretap.area.com /Gopher/Library/Classic/Latin/Libellus/holmes1.tex (14051 words)

	Gauls invade Rome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The original Gallic homeland extended from Transalpine Gaul to the Danube valley.
		According to the ancient historians Livy and Polybius, between 600-400 BC growing populations of Gauls began to spread over the Alps into northern Italy, drawn by abundant food resources.
		During the next century, Gauls remained a constant threat to the Romans.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /gauls-invade-rome.htm (285 words)

	Athena Review 1,4: Gaul before the Romans
		Roman Towns in Gaul: In 118 BC, Rome founded its first colonia (veteran's town) in Gaul at Narbo Martius (Narbonne).
		Civitates were divided by Gauls into smaller units (pagi), each having at least one trade center at oppida (hillforts), and many urban centers began to prosper from trade with the south.
		Throughout Gaul, new cities from Augustodonum Aeduorum (Autun) to Augusta Treverorum (Trier) were founded as local administrative centers.
	www.athenapub.com /gaulbck1.htm (1465 words)

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