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Transamination - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Transamination is the reaction between an amino acid and an alpha-keto acid. Transamination in biochemistry is accomplished by enzymes called transaminases or aminotransferases. The chirality of an amino acid is determined during transamination. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transamination   (195 words)

Amino Acid Metabolism The importance of glutamate as a common intracellular amino donor for transamination reactions and of aspartate as a precursor of ornithine for the urea cycle is described in the Nitrogen Metabolism page. The reaction is a transamination in which the e-amino group is transferred to the a-keto carbon of a-ketoglutarate forming the metabolite, saccharopine. Because this transamination reaction is not reversible, lysine is an essential amino acid. web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/amino-acid-metabolism.html   (3903 words)

Transamination Transamination as the name implies, refers to the transfer of an amine group from one molecule to another. Actually, the transamination reaction results in the exchange of an amine group on one acid with a ketone group on another acid. The most usual and major keto acid involved with transamination reactions is alpha-ketoglutaric acid, an intermediate in the citric acid cycle. www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/631transam.html   (536 words)

[No title] Transamination moves the amino acid from one carbon skeleton to another. The main function of transamination is to funnel amino nitrogen into just a few amino acids so enzymes like glutamate dehydrogenase can deaminate them. In mammals the SH group is oxidized by a dioxygenase, then the amino group is transaminated to form glutamate and the SO2 group is removed to form pyruvate. drnelson.utmem.edu /aadeg.html   (3956 words)

Vitamin B - 6 During transamination, pyridoxal phosphate accepts an amino group from an amino acid, and is subsequently converted to pyridoxamine phosphate. Transamination reactions can occur between any amino acid and a receptive alpha-keto acid. Other metabolic processes catalyzed by vitamin B-6 are: deamination; decarboxylation, the removal of carbon dioxide from amino acids, a necessary step required for the synthesis of neurotransmitters from certain amino acids; and desulfuration, the transfer of a sulfur group from methionine to serine in order to form cysteine. www.springboard4health.com /notebook/v_b6.html   (592 words)

amino acid metabolism Transamination reactions are readily reversible, and the equilibrium constant is close to 1. It is an important substrate for hepatic gluconeogenesis, and alanine transamination is required for the proper maintenance of fasting blood glucose concentrations. The carbon skeletons from the majority of amino acids are degraded to Krebs cycle intermediates after removal of the amino group by transamination. www.bmb.leeds.ac.uk /illingworth/metabol/amino.htm   (4243 words)

Relation between transamination of branched-chain amino acids and urea synthesis: evidence from human pregnancy -- ... Relation between transamination of branched-chain amino acids and urea synthesis: evidence from human pregnancy -- Kalhan et al. C is not lost by leucine transamination to and from KIC. Leucine transamination rates may affect protein synthesis in muscle. ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/275/3/E423   (5069 words)

Synthesis of Amino Acids Asparagine is made either by transamination from glutamine or by adding ammonia directly to aspartate. A transamination reaction with glutamate forms 3-phosphoserine and removal of the phosphate yields serine. Tyrosine is made by a similar transamination reaction as that seen in phenylalanine synthesis. dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C11/C11Links/www.bact.wisc.edu/microtextbook/metabolism/aminoacids.html   (1392 words)

transamination - General Practice Notebook   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) Transamination describes the reactions involved in the passage of amino (-NH2) groups from amino acids to alpha-keto acids. There are a number of enzymes - aminotransferases - involved with transamination. Their presence does not necessarily indicate that a particular amino acid is metabolized by this route. www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-932511684.htm   (176 words)

The chemical logic behind... Aminoacid degradation and urea cycle Upon release to the bloodstream, alanine is taken up by the liver, which transaminates it back to pyruvate, to be used in gluconeogenesis. Transamination does not yield nitrogen release from aminoacids: it simply transfers the amino groups from a large variety of aminoacids into two or three aminoacids (glutamate, aspartate and alanine). Upon entry into the mitochondrion, fumarate can react in the citric acid cycle to produce NADH and oxaloacetate, which can be converted into aspartate by transamination. www2.ufp.pt /~pedros/bq/urea.htm   (766 words)

Transamination Studies on N-(1-Alkenylthio)phthalimides and Related Compounds. Synthesis of 1-Alkenesulfenamides and ... In an attempt to develop a method for the general preparation of 1-alkenesulfenamides, some N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-alkenesulfenamides (4) were converted to a number of nitrogen functionalized analogs through desilylation and acylation procedures. Transamination reactions could be achieved once compounds 4 were converted to thiophthalimides 7. It was found that the transamination reactions of 11 probably involve the intermediacy of isomers 7. pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/joceah/1996/61/i13/abs/jo9522163.html   (169 words)

Gluconeogenesis Transamination of OAA to aspartate allows the aspartate to be transported to the cytosol where the reverse transamination occurs yielding cytosolic OAA. Whether mitochondrial decarboxylation or transamination occurs is a function of the availability of PEPCK or transamination intermediates. Pyruvate, generated in muscle and other peripheral tissues, can be transaminated to alanine which is returned to the liver for gluconeogenesis. web.indstate.edu /thcme/mwking/gluconeogenesis.html   (2301 words)

Troglitazone inhibits glutamine metabolism in rat mesangial cells -- Routh et al. 282 (1): E231 -- AJP - Endocrinology ... Glucose converts to pyruvate, which enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle and is oxidized to CO or is reduced to lactate or undergoes transamination. Glutamate subsequently undergoes transamination with pyruvate in the reaction catalyzed by alanine aminotransaminase (ALT; 2) to form alanine and glutamate transamination is not secondary to the reduction in ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/1/E231   (4433 words)

Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde Institutional Repository - An unexpected transamination of ... An unexpected transamination of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zinc with dibenzylamine to form bis(dibenzylamido)zinc: structural studies by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations Armstrong, D.R. and Forbes, G.C. and Mulvey, R.E. and Clegg, W. and Tooke, D.M. An unexpected transamination of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zinc with dibenzylamine to form bis(dibenzylamido)zinc: structural studies by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations. The transamination of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zinc with two molar equivalents of dibenzylamine in benzene solution yields the dimeric, homoleptic, zinc bis(amide) [{(PhCH2)(2)N}(2)Zn](2).C6H6 1. eprints.cdlr.strath.ac.uk /605   (214 words)

Amino Acids - Glutamic acid In some proteins, due to a vitamin K dependent carboxylase, some glutamic acids will be dicarboxylic acids, referred to as γ carboxyglutamic acid, that form tight binding sites for calcium ion. Glutamic acid and α-ketoglutarate, an intermediate in the Krebs cycle, are interconvertible by transamination. Glutamic acid can therefore enter the Krebs cycle for energy metabolism, and be converted by the enzyme glutamine synthetase into glutamine, which is one of the key players in nitrogen metabolism. www.biology.arizona.edu /biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/glutamate.html   (219 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) Mechanism of transamination reactions Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) is a cofactor for all transaminases (Fig. Synthesis of serine This starts from 3-phosphoglycerate, a glycolytic intermediate, which is reduced to a keto acid and transaminated to 3-phosphoserine. Because it is formed by the transamination of nearly all amino acids, being formed when the amino group is transferred to (-ketoglutarate. www.oup.co.uk /doc/college/ch16-18.doc   (5128 words)

Bodybuilding.com - Derek Beast Charlebois - Amino Acid Metabolism! They can also be converted to a new amino acid through transamination. In all plants and animals, a series of enzymatic reactions in the mitochondria of cells, used to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy. Transamination involves transferring and amino group to another -ketoacids. www.bodybuilding.com /fun/beast4.htm   (1723 words)

Modulation of whole body protein metabolism, during and after exercise, by variation of dietary protein -- Bowtell et ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) the percentage of leucine nitrogen flux that comprises transamination. Fractional transamination tended to be higher for HP than LP subjects, both at rest and during the first hour of exercise Fractional transamination was increased during exercise for both subject groups. jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/85/5/1744   (5033 words)

Glutamate ingestion and its effects at rest and during exercise in humans -- Mourtzakis and Graham 93 (4): 1251 -- ... Glutamate is central to several transamination reactions that affect the production of ammonia, alanine, glutamine, as well and is central to several transamination reactions, it is surprising TCA cycle intermediate), is formed by the transamination of glutamate jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/93/4/1251   (4423 words)

Amino Acid Metabolism In times of dietary surplus, the potentially toxic nitrogen of amino acids is eliminated via transaminations, deamination, and urea formation; the carbon skeletons are generally conserved as carbohydrate, via gluconeogenesis, or as fatty acid via fatty acid synthesis pathways. Ornithine, in excess of urea cycle needs, is transaminated to form glutamate semialdehyde. The reaction is a transamination in which the www.med.unibs.it /~marchesi/aametab.html   (3372 words)

Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Biochemistry   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) Enzymes called transaminases can easily transfer the amino group from one amino acid (making it an α-keto acid) to another α-keto acid (making it an amino acid). This is important in the biosynthesis of amino acids, as for many of the pathways, intermediates from other biochemical pathways are converted to the α-keto acid skeleton, and then an amino group is added, often via transamination. The amino acids may then be linked together to make a protein. www.hallencyclopedia.com /Biochemistry   (2616 words)

ch55cent23   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) Glutamate and Glutamine play critical roles in ammonia transport: Glutamate synthesized by transamination: glutamine by ATP dependent amination of glutamate by Glutamine Synthase: these processes occur in most tissues. In the liver there is an active Glutaminase which releases ammonia to Urea cycle and regenerates Glutamate [which also can release ammonia to the Urea cycle via the Glutamate Dehydrogenase reaction]. In muscles GDH and transamination involving Pyruvate/Glutamate couple produce alanine which is transported to the Liver www.richmond.edu /~jbell2/ch55cent23.html   (290 words)

Structural Studies of the Catalytic Reaction Pathway of a Hyperthermophilic Histidinol-phosphate Aminotransferase -- ... Scheme of the proposed mechanism for the transamination reaction catalyzed by tmHspAT. Crystal structures of tmHspAT have been determined in the absence of any ligand except phosphate (tmHspAT), in the presence of PLP or internal aldimine 1a (tmHspAT·PLP), in the presence PLP and Hsp forming the Hsp-PLP adduct 5 (tmHspAT·Hsp-PLP), and in the presence of PMP 6a (tmHspAT·PMP). The rate of transamination at 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/279/20/21478   (4723 words)

Synthesis Rate of Muscle Proteins, Muscle Functions, and Amino Acid Kinetics in Type 2 Diabetes -- Halvatsiotis et al. ... and transamination rates in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Leucine nitrogen flux (N Leu Flux), leucine carbon flux (KIC to Leu), and leucine transamination to KIC (Leu to KIC) and plasma KIC concentration. transamination rate of leucine are increased during poor glycemic diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/51/8/2395   (6147 words)

Enzymes of Transamination in Viviparus viviparus (Mollusca: Pectinibranchia: Viviparidae) under Norm and ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01) Enzymes of Transamination in Viviparus viviparus (Mollusca: Pectinibranchia: Viviparidae) under Norm and Invasion by Trematodes - The influence of trematodes on the activity of transamination enzymes in Viviparus viviparous were under study. It was stated that levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) activity demonstrated no differences in all studied animals. www.edata-center.com /journals/38cb2223012b73f2,53b0d89c3c960646,09d02c583a355a84.html   (210 words)

[No title] Protein Metabolism:  HYPERLINK http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/631transam.html http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/631transam.html Transamination Transamination as the name implies, refers to the transfer of an amine group from one molecule to another. Actually, the transamination reaction results in the exxhange of an amine group on one acid with a ketone group on another acid. The answer is that a combination of transamination and deamination of glutamic acid occurs which is a recycling type of reaction for glutamic acid. www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/onlcourse/CHM103/Week13CACLipids.doc   (1851 words)

Amino Acids - Aspartic Acid Note that aspartic acid has an α-keto homolog, oxaloacetate, just as pyruvate is the α-keto homolog of alanine. Aspartic acid and oxaloacetate are interconvertable by a simple transamination reaction, just as alanine and pyruvate are interconvertible. Aspartic acid and oxaloacetate are interconvertable by a simple transamination reaction www.biology.arizona.edu /biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aspartate.html   (171 words)

Characterization and Role of the Branched-Chain Aminotransferase (BcaT) Isolated from Lactococcus lactis subsp. ... amino acid degradation is a transamination which is catalyzed Results are means and standard deviations based on at least two determinations. Because transamination is the last step in BcAA biosynthesis and the first step in catabolism of BcAAs, BcaTs occur widely aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/2/571   (4937 words)

Methionine Regeneration and Aspartate Aminotransferase in Parasitic Protozoa -- Berger et al. 183 (15): 4421 -- The ... transamination, the kinetic properties for aspartate-KG and tyrosine-KG suggest that their T. Identification of 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyrate as an intermediate compound in methionine synthesis from 5'-methylthioadenosine. Aromatic amino acid transamination and methionine recycling in trypanosomatids. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/15/4421   (7188 words)

Glutamine Synthesis in the Developing Porcine Placenta -- Self et al. 70 (5): 1444 -- Biology of Reproduction The glutamate generated from BCAA transamination was primarily Branched-chain amino acid transamination coupled with glutamine and alanine synthesis in pig placentae. Placentae transport BCAAs and release glutamine through specific transporters on the plasma membrane. www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/70/5/1444   (4881 words)

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