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	Transcaucasian Federation
		The horizontal tricolour yellow-fl-red (better orange-fl-red) was the flag choosen for the Federative Democratic Republic of Transcaucasia, created on 22 April 1918 and disappeared on 26 May of the same year.
		The war between the Transcaucasian Federation and Turkey began on 13 April 1918.
		"Transcaucasian Federation, short-lived state established in 1917 after the Bolchevik seizure of power, declared in April 1918 to be an independent Republic.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/transc.html (225 words)

	Transcaucasian SFSR - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Transcaucasian SFSR (also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic or the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) (Закавказская Сове́тская Федерати́вная Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика, ЗСФСР) was a short-lived (1922–1936) Soviet republic, consisting of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan, which were traditionally known as the Transcaucasian Republics in the Soviet Union.
		The republic's roots date back to the dissolution of the Russian Empire in 1917, during the Russian Revolution, when the provinces of the Caucasus seceded and attempted to form their own federal state called the Transcaucasian Federation.
		Competing national interests and war with Turkey led to the disbanding of the republic half a year later, in April 1918.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transcaucasian_Socialist_Federated_Soviet_Republic (421 words)

	Poti
		During the Soviet rule the three Transcaucasian republics - Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan - constituted a united economic area with common intra-economic relations.
		Georgia is the nearest maritime state for Azerbaijan and Armenia (as well as for the countries of Central Asia) with direct access to the Ocean, and the bulk of expert and import of the Transcaucasian countries goes through the ports of Georgia.
		The main task of the project is to ensure the harmonious combination of the port's development with the development of the region and the creation of single complex oriented on international relations.
	www.members.tripod.com /IAYD/poti.htm (1731 words)

	Banki - Montly Scientific-Analytical Journal of National Bank of Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		For the purpose of loosening the situation connected with the deficit of monetary units "the Regulation on Bones" was approved by the Transcaucasian Regional Commissariat on January 29, 1918.
		After the restoration of state independence of Transcaucasian Republics (May, 1918) it has been decided that before introduction of national currency it was necessary to keep up the solid financial system.
		The emission of the common monetary units was carried out on the basis of special Decrees of competent missions from all the three republics that were ratified by the government of each republic afterwards.
	www.nbg.gov.ge /journal/b8/doc/b8_9_e.htm (443 words)

	History of Armenia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In between two fronts, Islamic rebellion overthrew Shaumyan and declared a Transcaucasian Federation independent from Russia.
		The independence lasted until late 1920 when the communists came to power following an invasion of Armenia by the Red Army, and in 1922, Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic.
		Armenia became part of the Transcaucasian Federative Soviet Socialist Republic.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Armenia (2103 words)

	Georgian Flags
		The Transcaucasian federation was established in the beginning of 1918 and lasted for some three months, until Georgia proclaimed independence in May 1918.
		After the annexation of Georgia in February 1921, the Transcaucasian Federation was re-established, combining Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaidjan, and later joined the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
		This was flown as standard of the Transcaucasian Federation 22 April 1918 when the Federation was formed, and as the flag of independent Georgia from 26 May 1918 until the Red Army invaded in February 1921.
	rustaveli.tripod.com /droshebi/Droshebi.html (969 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		According to geological data, the meridional faults are extensional faults, the near-latitudinal Caucasian faults are compression upthrow shear thrust faults and upthrow shifts, and diagonal faults are shear structures, i.e., strike-slip displacements.
		The range of the system of these multi-directional faults in North-east Turkey and Northwest Iran is shown on THE MAP OF ACTIVE FAULTS where, the northward arching zones of the largest faults of the Lesser Caucasus segment of the region are seen.
		This map demonstrates the position and kinematics of major faults of the south part of the region in the zone of Alpine collision of the Arabian and Transcaucasian lithospheric plates in terms of geodynamical reconstruction.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /seg/cdroms/Spitak_EQ/spitakdb/colitect/sc00101a.txt (398 words)

	The Awakening of Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Although the breakdown of the army and central authority forced the Transcaucasians to organize their own administration, this step was taken reluctantly, and was only thought to be a temporary measure to keep the region from falling apart until the Constituent Assembly could set things in order once and for all.
		It was not until 2 March 1918 that a Transcaucasian delegation was ready to meet with the Turks, only to be delayed still further when news arrived that large portions of Georgia and Armenia would soon be surrendered to the Ottoman Empire by the Bolsheviks in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
		But during April, Batumi, the largest port in Georgia, was captured by Ottoman forces, and the Transcaucasian peace delegation was forced to accept the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in an effort to restart negotiations.
	www.amherst.edu /~daschaich/writings/academic/georgia.html (4700 words)

	Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections - Shevardnadze supports Transcaucasian oil transport route. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		"We support the Transcaucasian, or the western, route of the oil and gas pipeline, including the Baku-Ceyhan project," Shevardnadze said.
		The Georgian president was commenting on a Georgia- Azerbaijan-Turkey summit which was held in the Turkish Black Sea port of Trabzon recently.
		In terms of his support for the Transcaucasian route, he said: "This is the main point of the joint statement signed by the leaders of Georgia, Turkey and Azerbaijan in Trabzon."
	www.gasandoil.com /goc/news/ntc82683.htm (159 words)

	OJPCR 2.4: Influencing Public Opinion - A Challenge for Activists
		This is the case with the Transcaucasian conflicts.
		Another approach a practitioner used at the grassroots level in the Transcaucasian conflicts was to begin by having each side express to the other side what they regret most about their own side, what weaknesses they recognize in their own activities and even culture.
		However, as we have seen with the Transcaucasian wars, these conflicts are not always an invention of manipulating leaders.
	www.trinstitute.org /ojpcr/p2_4baird.htm (20230 words)

	The Economy and Economic History of Azerbaijan
		The people of this territory were predominantly Azerbaijani and but the enclave is separated from the rest of Azerbaijan by a section of Armenia.
		The Moscow-dictated Transcaucasian Republic continued until 1936 when Stalin ordered the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Federated Socialist Republic and Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia became separate republics within the Soviet Union.
		During the years of Russian control of the region, including the Soviet years, it did not matter greatly that there was an Armenian occupied enclave with in the administrative area of Azerbaijan.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/azerbaijan.htm (1751 words)

	Research Group Meeting 1999 - Appendix 11
		A favourable situation had been achieved also in the Transcaucasian Countries thanks to the prophylactic vaccination and the policy of strict border controls.
		Although the extent of this serosurvey does not allow for precise estimates of Ab prevalence in the population, it does confirm previous indications concerning the poor and irregular vaccination coverage in the Transcaucasian Countries and the patchy re-circulation of FMDV in some areas.
		The results of this antibody survey in Georgia and Armenia prompt to a long-term surveillance in the area; this may be possible if the Veterinary Services effectively liaise with each other and with the OIE reference laboratory, in the framework of a network aimed at a timely exchange of information.
	www.fao.org /ag/agA/AGAH/EUFMD/reports/rg1999ma/app11.htm (1575 words)

	Chapter 8 --
		The situation in the Transcaucasian region was chaotic.
		However, much of the Russian army's military equipment in the Transcaucasian region was old and unusable.
		In the Transcaucasian region, all three states--Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia--experienced major difficulties in complying with the CFE Treaty.
	www.fas.org /nuke/control/cfe/cfebook/ch8d.html (1038 words)

	Soviet View of Georgia
		The Bolsheviks led the way for the "struggling masses toward victory of the Socialist Revolution in Georgia, however they were unable to establish Soviet rule at the same time as in the central regions of Russia.
		On November 15, 1917 the groups of counterrevolutionary forces created the Transcaucasian Commissariat in the place of the Special Transcaucasian Committee as the Mensheviks seized power.
		From March 12, 1922 until December 5, 1922 Georgia along with Armenia and Azerbaijan were a part of the Transcaucasian Federation for Socialist Reconstruction.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/FSU/Caucasus/gruzia/soviet_view_of_georgia.htm (652 words)

	A Brief History of the Azerbaijan
		In the Fourth Century, the transcaucasian area, consisting of what is now Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, Christianity was the main religion.
		By the mid-Seventh Century, the area of what is now Azerbaijan fell to the conquest of the Arabs, and a conversion to Islam was the result.
		One thing that this conflict accomplished was to confirm the interdependence of the transcaucasian nations.
	www.bu.edu /econ/faculty/kyn/newweb/economic_systems/NatIdentity/FSU/Caucasus/Azerbaijan/a_brief_history_of_the_azerbaija.htm (909 words)

	A Group of Kars Rugs and Their Relation to Transcaucasian Rugs
		The Transcaucasian nomads seem not to have been remembered when the names were passed out or invented for their rugs -- this, not withstanding the fact that being nomads they must have done a lot of weaving.
		I suggest that Kurds, Terekemes, and Turkomans were responsible for a far greater number of Transcaucasian rugs than we generally assume.
		Not until the Soviet Cheka supplied the Turkish army in 1930 with the materials to make poison gas, which was being prepared by Germans at Bayazit, could the Turks occupy the eastern slopes of Ararat.
	www.rugreview.com /orr/113vanm.htm (2469 words)

	Artsakh in 1918-1920
		After the collapse of the Russian Empire on February 10, 1918 the Transcaucasian Seim was convened which on April 9 in the same year declared on the secession of Transcaucasia from Russia and proclaimed the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic.
		Azerbaijan sought the unification with Turkey, Georgia relied on Germany, whereas nobody supported Armenia, that continued to be loyal to the allied duty before the Entente and to the interests of Russia.
		In accordance with the decision of the Congress the diplomatic and the military representatives of the allied states of the Entente, three Transcaucasian republics and the provisional governor-general were informed that "the repetition of the events will compel the Armenians of Nagorno- Karabagh to turn to the appropriate means for defense."
	www.nkr.am /eng/history/1918.htm (2020 words)

	UzbekWorld.com - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The only thing to do with the current complicated political and economical situation in the three Transcaucasian countries is to establish Transcaucasian international economic zone and develop efficient mechanisms of regional cooperation, the former German Defense Minister considers.
		The Transcaucasian economic zone would become a separate unit of all-European economical space, which, in turn, should be closely integrated into the European union market, Ruehe believes.
		At the same time the German politician underlines, that the Transcaucasian counties are unlikely to be admitted as full members of the European Union or NATO.
	www.uzbekworld.com /news/viewnews.cgi?newsid986066261,5345, (367 words)

	Karl Kautsky: Georgia (Chap.10) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Transcaucasian deputies, who had been elected to the Constituent Assembly, were increased in number immediately after the elections, by such unsuccessful candidates as had received the next largest number of votes joining to, form a Transcaucasian Parliament.
		Previously, the revolutionary organisations of the district had appointed an executive for its administration, namely, the Transcaucasian Commissariat, which assumed the character of a local government.
		Its foreign policy remained the same as it was during the Transcaucasian partnership.
	www.marxists.org /archive/kautsky/works/1920s/georgia/ch06.htm (2067 words)

	Transcaucasian Workshop: Tbilisi, Georgia, 3-5 October 1999 - IFLA Universal Bibliographic Control and International ...
		Following several worldwide UBCIM seminars and workshops, it was decided to organize a regional meeting for the Transcaucasian republics after colleagues had reported problems in the field of systematization and standardization.
		The lack of experience and knowledge in the creation and management of national bibliographic systems had also been a source of concern in the region.
		During the closing session UBCIM publications (including the ISBDs and UNIMARC documentation) were donated to each of the three republics.
	www.ifla.org /VI/3/conf/geor99.htm (905 words)

	RAND \| Notes \| The Transcaucasus in transition
		The three Soviet Transcaucasian republics--Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia--experienced growing political and ethnic unrest, as well as increased aspirations for self-determination, in the late 1980s and early 1990s.
		Historical resentments, ethnic rivalries, the inexperience of political leaders, and the likelihood of increasing economic strains all justify doubts about the Transcaucasians' ability to manage the transition to democracy and some form of federation or complete independence.
		Nevertheless, the immediate future appears to lie in the Transcaucasians' own hands: Soviet efforts to preserve the Soviet Union intact deny Moscow the capacity to intervene militarily in the Transcaucasus to force submission.
	www.rand.org /pubs/notes/N3212 (290 words)

	Rise To Power - Lavrenty Beria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		He cemented his place in Stalins entourage with a lengthy oration On the History of the Bolshevik Organisations in Transcaucasia (later published as a book), which rewrote the history of Transcaucasian Bolshevism to show that Stalin had been its sole leader from the beginning.
		When Stalins purge of the Communist Party and government began in 1934 after the assassination of Sergei Kirov, Beria ran the purges in Transcaucasia, using the opportunity to settle many old scores in the politically turbulent Transcaucasian republics.
		In June 1937 he said in a speech: Let our enemies know that anyone who attempts to raise a hand against the will of our people, against the will of the party of Lenin and Stalin, will be mercilessly crushed and destroyed.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /Acacia1327/lavrenty-beria-rise-to-power.html (539 words)

	Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic - MSN Encarta
		Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic - MSN Encarta
		Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic, federation composed of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, which was established as part of the...
		Search Encarta for Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_762510345/Transcaucasian_Soviet_Federated_Socialist_Republic.html (70 words)

	The Soviet Period - History - Armenia - Asia
		Together with Georgia and Azerbaijan, which had also come under Bolshevik control, Armenia was incorporated into the Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (SFSR) in March 1922.
		In December the Transcaucasian SFSR became one of the four original republics of the Bolsheviks’ new state, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).
		That year the Transcaucasian republic was dismantled, and Armenia became the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR) within the USSR.
	www.countriesquest.com /asia/armenia/history/the_soviet_period.htm (423 words)

	Anderson: Population Redistribution and the Ethnic Balance in Transcaucasia
		Among the important long-term changes of Transcaucasia that give evidence of social relations among ethnic groups even during the period of Soviet control of the region was the reduction in the ethnic heterogeneity of the region and of the constituent republics (now countries).
		The authors examine evidence of these trends, both in terms of the outmigration of Russians and others from the region and in terms of the cross-migration of the major Transcaucasian nationalities before the massive flows of refugees began in the late 1980s.
		Three main factors led to this long-term reduction in ethnic heterogeneity in the Transcaucasus: high fertility rates of the indigenous populations, especially of the Armenians and Azerbaijanis; emigration from Transcaucasia by members of non-Transcaucasian nationalities, primarily by Russians; and migration by members of Transcaucasian nationalities from neighboring Transcaucasian republics to their own republics.
	www.psc.isr.umich.edu /pubs/abs.html?ID=972 (339 words)

	Question of Union of Independent National Republics
		About three months ago, leading circles of the Transcaucasian republics already raised the question of forming a united economic front of Soviet Socialist Republics and of uniting them in a single union state.
		The question was then put before wide Party meetings in some districts of Azerbaijan, Georgia and Armenia and, as is evident from the resolutions that were passed, it roused unprecedented enthusiasm.
		The Transcaucasian Federation -- the Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia, was founded on March 12, 1922, at a plenipotentiary conference of representatives of the Central Executive Committees of Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia.
	www.marx2mao.com /Stalin/QUNR22.html (1296 words)

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