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Topic: Transcaucasus

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	MBG: Research: Rare, Endangered and Vulnerable Plants of the Republic of Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Transcaucasus: Georgia (Kartli, Kiziki, Gare Kakheti, Gardabani), Azerbaijan. Endemic to the Caucasus.
		Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus: Georgia (Adjara, Shiga Kartli, Kartli, Tush-Pshav-Khevsureti, Kakheti, Trialeti, Kvemo Kartli, Meskheti), Azerbaijan, Armenia. Endemic to the Caucasus.
		Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus: Georgia (Kartli, Mtiuleti, Kiziki, Gare Kakheti, Gardabani, Kvemo Kartli, Meskheti), Azerbaijan, Armenia. Endemic to the Caucasus.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/research/georgia/uvwfamily.shtml (821 words)

	MBG: Research: Rare, Endangered and Vulnerable Plants of the Republic of Georgia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Transcaucasus: Georgia (Abkhazia, Kartli, Mtiuleti, Tush-Pshav-Khevsureti). Endemic to the Caucasus.
		Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus: Georgia (Abkhazia, Racha-Lechkhumi, Shiga Kartli). Endemic to the Caucasus.
		Northern Caucasus; Transcaucasus: Georgia (Abkhazia, Svaneti, Racha-Lechkhumi, Samegrelo, Guria, Adjara, Mtiuleti, Shiga Kartli). Endemic to the Caucasus.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/research/georgia/fgfamily.shtml (572 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Such region-specific aims are dominated by an overarching campaign to strengthen the statehood and sovereignty of the fragile states of the Transcaucasus, which is essential to fostering stability in a region already beset by ethnic conflicts and vulnerable to external pressure.
		Stability in the Transcaucasus is particularly valued by the United States given its role as a prerequisite to the effective development of the natural gas and oil reserves in the Caspian Sea and the transport of Central Asian gas and oil through the region.
		The modified U.S. policy in the Transcaucasus is not necessarily an indicator of looming confrontation with Russia, despite the occasional theatrical rhetoric in Moscow.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2002/03/5-NOT/not-010302.asp (1007 words)

	South Caucasus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		South Caucasus (also referred sometimes as Transcaucasus) is a name to the transitional region between Europe and Asia extending from the Greater Caucasus to the Turkish and Iranian borders, between the Black and Caspian seas.
		The terms Transcaucasus and Transcaucasia in Western languages are translations of the Russian zakavkazje meaning "the area beyond the Caucasus Mountains".
		The region has been a single political entity twice – during the Russian civil war (Trans-Caucasian Democratic Federative Republic) from 9 April 1918 to 26 May 1918, and under the Soviet rule (Transcaucasian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) from 12 March 1922 to 5 December 1936.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transcaucasus (198 words)

	Contested Borders in the Caucasus : Conclusions
		Both the Transcaucasus and the North Caucasus regions may be thought of as parts of a larger security complex, comprising Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and part of Russia.
		Russia regards the newly independent states of the Transcaucasus as belonging to its near abroad, although it should be added that the foreign policy concept of a near abroad does not imply that Russia disregards the specificity of the Transcaucasus as a region in its own right (Trenin).
		The contributions to this volume demonstrate that one of the main aims of the security policies of all the foreign powers involved in the Transcaucasus conflicts is to restrict the influence of other powers in the region.
	poli.vub.ac.be /publi/ContBorders/eng/conclusi.htm (4766 words)

	95024: Transcaucasus Newly Independent States: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests
		In the Transcaucasus, the immediate U.S. policy goals are to buttress the stability and independence of the states through multilateral and bilateral conflict resolution efforts and to provide urgent humanitarian relief.
		Russia exercises most of its influence in the Transcaucasus in the military-strategic sphere, less in the economic sphere, and a minimum in the domestic political sphere, except for obtaining assurances on the treatment of ethnic Russians.
		The economies of all three Transcaucasus states have greatly declined in recent years, affected by the dislocations caused by the breakup of the Soviet Union, conflicts, blockades, and the lingering effects of the 1988 earthquake in Armenia.
	www.fas.org /man/crs/95-024.htm (8054 words)

	Resent History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		All Armenians that were resettled to the Transcaucasus from Iran and Turkey were regularly registered by the Russian authorities in the next decades of the XIX century.
		The count I.Vorontsov-Dashkov who was appointed the tsar’s governor-general in the Transcaucasus in May 1905 didn’t conceal his pro-Armenian sentiments and believed that friendship with Armenians was a reason for the Russian domination in the Transcaucasus.
		On April 22, 1918 the Transcaucasus was proclaimed the independent federative republic and on April 26 a new government of the Transcaucasus under the leadership of A. Tskhenkeli was formed.
	www.azembassy.ro /English/new_page_1.htm (11490 words)

	Land Reform in Eastern Europe - Western CIS, Transcaucuses, Balkans, and EU Accession Countries
		The Transcaucasus countries are leading the CIS in terms of privatization and farm reorganization and are ahead of some of the EU accession states in these areas as well.
		In the Transcaucasus, land was distributed and farms restructured at the same time.
		The Transcaucasus and the EU accession countries are in the process of transforming and bettering their registration systems, but still have problems due to the large number of new owners and the need to reestablish boundaries.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/007/AD878E/AD878E.htm (1470 words)

	Private Peacemaking USIP-Assisted Peacemaking Projects of Nonprofit Organizations: Peaceworks: Publications: U.S. ...
		They had to be women of influence in scholarly, scientific, or other intellectual arenas; women who had served in policymaking positions; women involved with the new press agencies; or women who were willing to explore new kinds of relationships within the region.
		Through visits to the homes and countries of the participants, and the meetings which developed the language for the dialogues, the facilitator realized how complex a barrier was raised by interethnic communication, both among the delegations and between the facilitator and the delegations.
		The participants are committed to the continuation of the Transcaucasus Women’s Dialogue and its workshops on leadership in conflict prevention and management.
	www.usip.org /pubs/peaceworks/smock20/chap8_20.html (1408 words)

	Ambasada Republicii Azerbaijan Press Release 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		However, the diplomacy interfered in the affair and in 1724 in Istanbul these states signed a treaty according to which the Transcaucasus was divided between Turkey and Russia.
		The Quba khanate played an important role in the Transcaucasus during the rule of the famous Fatali-khan from Quba (1758-1789) who carried on the policy of the unification of Azerbaijani lands.
		Aga Muhammed-khan sent decrees to all rulers in the Transcaucasus and in the South of Azerbaijan demanding obedience.
	www.azembassy.ro /English/pr03.htm (2611 words)

	Demokratizatsiya: political underpinnings of U.S. bilateral aid to the countries of transcaucasus, The
		One such region is Transcaucasus (Southern Caucasus), comprising the countries of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia.
		Each of the Transcaucasus states has a unique and specific character that determines its role in relations among the regional powers and with the United States.
		The struggle for influence over Transcaucasus republics became the main determinant of the political processes in the region during the past decade, after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3996/is_200107/ai_n8956762 (1167 words)

	ARMENIAN HIGHLAND
		The cultural and socio-economic boom of Shushi was suddenly cut short, when on March 23, 1920 the Turkish troops invaded Shushi and perpetrated a bloody massacre of the local Armenian population and burned Shushi to the ground.
		On May 26, 1918 the Transcaucasus Seim promulgated about self-dissolution and each of the national factions in the Seim declared about the reinstitution of their national statehood.
		The name for the Moslem population of East Transcaucasus was taken from the terminology of the Iranian state which had the respective region with its center Tebriz.
	www.armenianhighland.com /artsakh/chronicle294.html (1357 words)

	House of Commons - Foreign Affairs - Appendices to the Minutes of Evidence - Sixth Report
		No additional funds were given to the Council for investment in the Transcaucasus and Central Asia by the FCO, in the form of a non-recurrent grant contribution to the British Council (such as those made available in 1990 to establish high-profile English language teaching programmes in Central Europe).
		Currently, there are 19 such links in the countries of the Transcaucasus and Central Asia, which focus on sectors such as: land and water resource management (Kazakhstan); journalism and the role of the press (Kyrgyzstan); and primary healthcare reform (Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan).
		The Council's operations in the Transcaucasus and Central Asia have expanded rapidly over the past five years in support of UK interests, particularly in the areas of English language teaching, economic and democratic reform, and in raising awareness of the UK's creativity, cultural diversity and recent achievements.
	www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk /pa/cm199899/cmselect/cmfaff/349/349ap05.htm (3102 words)

	PINR - Russia's Slippery Foothold in Abkhazia
		The Euro-American alliance wants to contain instability in the Transcaucasus so that oil supplies from the Caspian Sea are secure as they flow through Georgia, which is at the center of the Baku-Ceyhan pipeline.
		The West is also interested in thwarting attempts by Russia to reassert influence in the Transcaucasus, which it lost after the fall of the Soviet Union.
		From the geostrategic perspective, Abkhazia is a test of Russian power -- all the other actors are locked in their positions by virtue of their perceived interests relative to the regional balance of power, whereas the course of action that would maximize Russian power is an open issue that divides Moscow's security establishment.
	www.pinr.com /report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=224 (1895 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Michael Kaser says the new west-east orientation marks a break with two centuries of Tsarist and Soviet domination when the Transcaucasus region was almost exclusively oriented, politically and economically, toward the north: to Russia.
		Kaser says the opening of the new mercantile routes from the Transcaucasus to the east, west and south, is a sharp break with the Soviet era, and has helped boost the volume of regional trade.
		He calculates that exports from the Transcaucasus last year were double what they were in 1988 during the Soviet era, and that imports were five times higher.
	www.b-info.com /places/Bulgaria/news/98-04/apr10d.rfe (442 words)

	NKR Office in Washington, DC
		On May 26, 1918, "considering fundamental differences between the peoples comprising the Transcaucasus independent republic on issues regarding war and peace," the Assembly called for the dissolution of the Transcaucasus and terminated its own authority.
		Until the end of May 1918 and the demise of the Transcaucasus Assembly, Nagorno Karabakh was part of the Elizavetpol Guberniya (Rus.
		Its troops abandoned the Transcaucasus and were replaced in December by the British.
	www.nkrusa.org /nk_conflict/nk_1918_1920.shtml (1911 words)

	Europe-Asia Studies: The Transcaucasus in Transition: Nation-building and Conflict. - book reviews
		Following the line of some of her earlier works, in her historical analysis Hunter stresses the importance of the impact of Persian/Iranian culture in the Transcaucasus.
		As the title of the book clearly indicates, the author concentrates on what she perceives to be nation building in the Transcaucasus.
		It is an important addition to the expanding literature on the post-Soviet Transcaucasus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3955/is_n4_v48/ai_18606592 (959 words)

	Asia Times
		While American officials profess that they are not interested in long-term bases in Central Asia and the Transcaucasus, they do state Washington's interest in consolidating long-term security relationships that will undoubtedly surpass the previous level of bilateral or multilateral relationships.
		But governments cannot refrain from acting against visible threats based on that observation, for then they would become vulnerable to the immediate threats and those that would soon follow upon their weakness in responding to the direct threats to their security.
		The security challenges in the Transcaucasus and Central Asia may not be absolutely intractable but they are extremely complex, long-standing and admit of no easy answers or responses.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/South_Asia/DH24Df02.html (2635 words)

	CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS Journal of Social and Political Studies
		The Transcaucasus and Central Asia are a major player on the CIS labor market.
		Regionalization of the CIS enhances the importance of the countries’ labor potential as a factor of economic integration.
		To ensure its more effective use in the CIS common economic area, it is essential to analyze the main trends in the formation of demographic and labor potential of the Transcaucasus and Central Asia region.
	www.ca-c.org /journal/eng-03-2000/19.topilin.shtml (170 words)

	Mehmet Binay: The Great Game on Oil and Power...
		The Transcaucasus has been a plaything of imperial powers early this century due to ist large gas and crude oil reserves.
		The wars in the Transcaucasus, in Chechnya, between Azerbaijan and Armenia and in Georgia have been all influenced or directly exacerbated by Moscow and the Russian army.
		It is on a geostrategic sensitive and significant position between Central Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Transcaucasus and Turkey.
	www.turkiye.net /sota/mbinay1.html (937 words)

	31_1
		From the larger perspective of the three interrelated strategic zones of US engagement during the Cold War, we can see that the Transcaucasus and Central Asia have become a large extension of the third zone, involving not only Europe and East Asia but also Russia, China, and others as well.
		This linkage, or interconnectedness, gives the Transcaucasus and Central Asia a strategic importance to the United States and its allies that we overlook at huge risk.
		To ignore the Transcaucasus and Central Asia could mean that a large part of that harvest will never be gathered.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/usazerb/311.htm (2258 words)

	Programs \| Russian Civic Partnerships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Transcaucasus Women's Dialogue is an outgrowth of first Women's Forum on Democracy and Development held in Armenia in 1991, and facilitated by National Peace Foundation Board members Professors Sarah Harder and Deborah K. Welsh.
		In June 1994, under the Foundation's aegis, six women leaders from each of the three Transcaucasus Republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, came to Washington for a week of meetings and dialogue.
		The women have established individual women's councils in each of the three countries, and set up projects in the areas of peace and democracy building and rehabilitation of children.
	www.nationalpeace.org /Russia-southcaucasus-programs.htm (184 words)

	TURKEY AND THE NEWLY INDEPENDENT STATES OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE TRANSCAUCASUS
		With the USSR's unexpected break-up, the MFA had to be reorganized and its staff forced to acquire expertise in the Transcaucasus and Central Asia, areas largely neglected in the Cold War as the MFA focused attention on contacts with Moscow.
		Central Asia and the Transcaucasus are important for Turkey's interests,in terms of oil, Russian influence, trade opportunities, and internal conflicts.Close relations have been developed with Turkic Azerbaijan and ties with Georgiahave improved as Turkey sees that country's significant location for new oil andgas pipelines.
		Unlike the Transcaucasus, the Central Asian region is not of major strategic concern as far as the Turkish military is concerned.
	meria.idc.ac.il /journal/1997/issue2/jv1n2a5.html (4771 words)

	Russia in the Transcaucasus, or Democracy in a State of Emergency
		And no matter who comes, the Transcaucasian republics will be lost for us." Why it does not strike their minds that the idea of "coming..." and " leaving" makes no sense at the threshold of the 21 century, the century of democracy, with the disappearance of frontiers and unification efforts all over the world.
		There are no changes can be seen in Russian policy in Transcaucasus after the victory of Yeltsin on president elections in 1996.
		The President himself and his renovated team are forced to keep the same course on the "Russian type to integration" according to pro-imperial public attitude.
	www.eurasianet.org /resource/regional/1028azen.html (2780 words)

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