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Topic: Transcranial magnetic stimulation

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	Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is the use of powerful rapidly changing magnetic fields to induce electric fields in the brain by electromagnetic induction without the need for surgery or external electrodes.
		What’s more, magnetic stimulation seems to affect several interconnected brain regions, starting in the cortex and moving to the deep brain, where new cell growth may be important in regulating moods.
		This produces a magnetic field oriented orthogonally to the plane of the coil.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transcranial_magnetic_stimulation (1391 words)

	Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS / TMS); a research bibliography
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation is an example of an external or non-implanted, intermittent (at least given the current state of the hardware) stimulation technique, the clinical value of which for neuromodulation and neuroprotection remains to be determined.
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation has also been used to study the mode of action of anticonvulsants and may prove to be a useful means of testing the potential for new drugs to act as anticonvulsants.
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation is the noninvasive application of localized pulsed magnetic field to the surface of the skull, to cause a depolarization of neurons in the underlying cerebral cortex (Daryl E., Bohning PH.D.).
	www.earthpulse.net /TMS.htm (12782 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
		By measuring responses to the stimulations and tracking the position of the coil relative to the MR scan we generate functional maps of the brain in a low-cost, non-invasive, and accurate manner.
		When the magnet is placed directly over the ``hotspot'' of a muscle (or region of cortex that controls that muscle), the amplitude of the response should be large and the latency of the response should be small, as compared to the responses when the coil is place away from the hotspot.
		When a volunteer is stimulated in the region of the visual cortex, excitations of the neurons briefly inhibit interpretation of the affected visual field.
	www.ai.mit.edu /projects/medical-vision/surgery/tms.html (894 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation was first introduced in 1985 as a new method of noninvasive stimulation of the brain.
		Interest in the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for depression was prompted by the development of a device that could deliver rapid, repetitive stimulation.
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the brain is considered investigational as a treatment of all psychiatric disorders, including, but not limited to depression.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/mentalHealth/mh17.html (1475 words)

	Magnetic Therapy: From the Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine
		When magnets are applied to a painful area of the body, the nerves in that area are stimulated, thus releasing the body's natural painkillers.
		The other theory maintains that when magnets are applied to a painful area of the body, all the cells in that area react to increase blood circulation, ion exchange, and oxygen flow to the area.
		Magnetic therapy is also being studied in the treatment of depression in patients with bipolar disorder.
	www.acemagnetics.com /mathfrgaenof.html (1171 words)

	Medgadget.com -- Internet Journal of Emerging Medical Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), an emerging technology that uses an alternating magnetic field to influence electrical activity of the brain through magnetic induction, is now being investigated for treatment of hallucinations in schizophrenia.
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), covered by us earlier, is a procedure in which electrical activity of the brain is changed by an alternating magnetic field, through magnetic induction.
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a procedure in which electrical activity of the brain is changed by an alternating magnetic field, through magnetic induction.
	www.medgadget.com /cgi-bin/mt-search.cgi?IncludeBlogs=3&search=tms (479 words)

	The Depression File: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
		Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an exciting new technology that along with repetitive TMS (rTMS) offers the potential to explore and understand brain-behavior relationship in a way that builds on recent advances in functional neuroimaging (ie, PET, SPECT, fMRI imaging).
		Transcranial magnet stimulation (TMS) is a low-risk method for direct and localised stimulation of the cerebral cortex.
		Repetitive magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive, painless method to induce transient activation in circumscript regions of the human cortex.
	ssl.adgrafix.com /users/lifestag/depression/trans.html (4499 words)

	Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) alternative to electro-shock therapy? - The Doctors Lounge(TM) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be a new alternative to electric shock therapy in treating severe depression.
		This is why recently a different therapy has come to the fore which has few side-effects: in 'transcranial magnetic stimulation' (TMS) the doctors place a coil on the patient's forehead.
		Even so, magnetic stimulation is not a miracle cure, since, like electro-shock, it is not a lasting cure for depression.
	www.thedoctorslounge.net /psychiatry/articles/depression_tms (804 words)

	Snap, Crackle, and Feel Good?: Science News Online, Sept. 23, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		By sending single magnetic pulses into the motor cortex, which is just under the scalp and easy for a magnetic field to reach, scientists found they could map how this brain region controls the body's muscles.
		After magnetic stimulation of a brain region, that area temporarily becomes unresponsive to the normal input from the rest of the brain.
		Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of nondelusional major depressive disorder: An open study.
	www.sciencenews.org /20000923/bob10.asp (3034 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression
		There is limited evidence to support the effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation, dialectical behaviour therapy, interpersonal therapy, light therapy (for people in nursing homes or hospitals), St John's wort and folate in reducing depressive symptoms.
		In support of this, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), which is a method of enhancing cortical excitability, has shown antidepressant efficacy when applied over the left PFC, although the overall therapeutic effects remain inconclusive.
		Although transcranial magnetic stimulation has no role in the chronic management of such pain, it has potential as a screening procedure for the much more effective extradural cortical stimulation, a minimally invasive neurosurgical procedure that has emerged as the technique of choice in treating these patients.
	www.psycom.net /tms.html (5757 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an exciting new technique that permits direct brain stimulation without surgery.
		It can stimulate motor activity (e.g., make a thumb wiggle) or, at high frequencies and with precise focusing, alter neuronal transmission temporarily in a small region of the brain.
		TMS is generally found to be better than a placebo (sham stimulation) and about as effective as antidepressant drugs, although not as good as ECT.
	www.nami-hc.org /transcranial_magnetic_stimulation.htm (569 words)

	Neurotherapysite.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation works by using very short pulses of magnetic energy to stimulate nerve cells in the brain.
		The short pulses of magnetic energy produced by a TMS device are aimed at the structures in the brain thought to be involved in mood regulation.
		By the use of very focal stimulation, motivation on the other brain tissue not involved in mood is minimized.
	neurotherapysite.com /transcranial_magnetic_stimulation_for_depressi... (698 words)

	TMS articles
		Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation.
		A new high-frequency magnetic stimulator with an oil-cooled coil.
		Pascual-Leone A, Hallett M. Induction of errors in a delayed response task by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
	www.musc.edu /tmsmirror/articles.html (3184 words)

	Transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry
		It is easy in principle to get a magnetic field to produce electrical effects: simply change the field over time, and any charge-carriers (like the ions in the cells of the brain) will be influenced to flow, creating an induced current.
		For instance, the motor part of the brain can be stimulated, inducing a twitch of the thumb, which tells a neurologist that the intervening nerve pathways are intact.
		The magnetic fields used in TMS are produced by passing current through a hand-held coil, whose shape determines the properties and size of the field.
	www.musc.edu /tmsmirror/intro/layintro.html (1061 words)

	Electromagnetic Stimulation For Treatment-Resistant Depression
		Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique that uses a powerful electro-magnet placed on the scalp of a person to alter brain activity.
		Recent studies combining TMS and neuroimaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging, demonstrate that the effects of TMS are not limited to the cortex but spread to functionally related subcortical structures.
		Patients receiving right-sided stimulation showed a statistically significant decrease in manic symptoms at the end of the trial.
	www.healthyplace.com /communities/depression/treatment/tms/index.asp (972 words)

	ECT On-Line:Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)
		The stimulation level for a patient has to be calibrated for that patient using the minimum stiumulus intensity to get a predetermined electromyographic response.
		In 9 normal volunteers, the authors studied the safety of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) applied to different scalp positions at various frequencies and intensities, with no significant untoward effects.
		The authors administered transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at 1 Hz and 125% of motor threshold for an average of 204 s (until the coil temperature reached 40 degrees C) and 20 Hz stimulation at 100% of motor threshold for 2 s every minute for 10 min, on different days to 10 healthy volunteers.
	www.priory.com /psych/ectolrtm.htm (965 words)

	Erowid Mind Devices Vaults : Magnetic Brain Stimulation
		The basic premise of TMS is that the brain operates using electric signals, and it's possible to alter the way the brain works by altering the electrical environment.
		The "normal" frequency of the waking human brain is said to be around 12 Hz, "beta" state, while brains deep in meditative trance dip down to around 8 Hz, the "alpha" state.
		By stimulating specific areas in the right hemisphere of the brain, he is able to induce mystical states of consciousness, giving some subjects the experience of encountering God.
	www.erowid.org /spirit/devices/devices_article1.shtml (899 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Positron Emission Tomography: A New Method for Studying Connectivity of the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Positron Emission Tomography: A New Method for Studying Connectivity of the Human Cerebral Cortex -- Paus et al.
		The Cadwell high-speed magnetic stimulator and the Cadwell figure-eight coil (Corticoil,
		Wong M, Moss RL (1992) Modulation of single-unit activity in the rat amygdala by neurotransmitters, estrogen priming, and synaptic inputs from the hypothalamus and midbrain.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/9/3178 (5450 words)

	Wired News: TMS: Twilight Zone Science?
		The technology at the core of professor Allan Snyder's experiments to boost creative intelligence, transcranial magnetic stimulation, is behind some pretty wacky claims.
		Persinger believes that naturally occurring magnetic interference could be at the heart of mystical experiences and a whole host of paranormal phenomena, ranging from ghosts to alien abductions.
		Furthermore, Persinger is a highly respected scientist with dozens of articles published on magnetism and the brain.
	www.wired.com /news/medtech/0,1286,51699,00.html (709 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
		The Medtronic was originally developed as a tool for brain surgery: by stimulating or slowing down specific regions of the brain, it allowed doctors to monitor the effects of surgery in real time.
		But after I had been subjected to about 10 minutes of transcranial magnetic stimulation, their tails had grown more vibrant, more nervous; their faces were personable and convincing.
		Last year, the Brain Stimulation Laboratory at the Medical University of South Carolina received a $2 million government grant to develop a smaller TMS device that sleep-deprived soldiers could wear to keep them alert.
	www.cognitiveliberty.org /neuro/TMS_NYT.html (2549 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
		Mark George, a neurologist and psychiatrist,...says that in a number of limited trials the technique helped severely depressed patients--though modestly and for short periods.
		An in-depth informational brochure on Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), written and provided by the rTMS Committee of International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN).
		A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) project between the Surgical Planning Laboratory (SPL), MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and Department of Anaesthesia.
	www.cognitiveliberty.org /issues/TMS_index.html (254 words)

	Amazon.com: Handbook of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Books: Alvaro Pascual-Leone,Nick Davey,John Rothwell,Eric ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: A Neurochronometrics of Mind (Bradford Books) by Vincent Walsh
		Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry by Mark S., M.D. George
		Magnetic nerve stimulation has rapidly become established as a clinical tool following its development at the Royal Hallamshire Hospital and the University of Sheffield, and the first demonstration of cortical magnetic stimulation in 1985.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0340720093?v=glance (755 words)

	Signal + Noise
		A recent NYT magazine article describes how Australian scientist Allan Snyder uses Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to find, he believes, the savant within.
		That Snyder was able to induce these remarkable feats in a controlled, repeatable experiment is more than just a great party trick; it's a breakthrough that may lead to a revolution in the way we understand the limits of our own intelligence -- and the functioning of the human brain in general.
		By generating targeted magnetic fields, it is possible to stimulate or suppress neural activity in selected regions.
	signalplusnoise.blogspot.com /2003_06_22_signalplusnoise_archive.html (2707 words)

	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
		Elisabeth Caparelli is developing a novel multi-component methodology integrating Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and interleaved acquisition of functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), using BNL’s 4T MR scanner, so as to supply the unique windows on brain function and connectivity.
		TMS will be used to stimulate a specific brain area and the associated activated networkwill be assessed with fMRI and anatomical interconnectivity with DTI.
		One of ten national laboratories overseen and primarily funded by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Brookhaven National Laboratory conducts research in the physical, biomedical, and environmental sciences, as well as in energy technologies and national security.
	www.bnl.gov /CTN/TMS.asp (213 words)

	Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
		The stimulating coil is held close to the scalp so that the field is focused and can pass through the skull.
		The magnetic field produces local electrical currents in tissue.
		Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a new and powerful refinement of TMS by which the magnetic field can be repeated over small intervals of time, thus allowing the stimulation of neurons during their refractory period.
	pni.unibe.ch /TMS.htm (214 words)

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