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Topic: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator, more commonly referred to as a TENS unit and pronounced tens, is an electronic device that produces electrical signals used to stimulate nerves through unbroken skin.
		In palliative care and pain medicine, TENS is occasionally attempted for neuropathic pain (pain due to nerve damage).
		There is a secondary market for TENS units in the BDSM community, where the units are used for erotic play involving electrical stimulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/TENS (343 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		A microcurrent transcutaneous electrical stimulation for promotion of healing and cell repair of Claim 11 wherein there is a third preset frequency, said third preset frequency lower than said second preset frequency and a third preset period of time, said third preset period of time longer than said second preset period of time.
		A microcurrent transcutaneous electrical stimulation for promotion of healing and cell repair of Claim 12 wherein there is a fourth preset frequency and a fourth preset period of time, said fourth preset frequency lower than said third preset frequency and said fourth period of time longer than said third period of time.
		A microcurrent transcutaneous electrical stimulation for promotion of healing and cell repair of Claim 18 wherein said means for applying electrical current further includes means for reversing the polarity of said electrical current at a preset interval of time.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=03/105945.031224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4902 words)

	An Investigation Into the Analgesic Effects of Interferential Currents and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation machines are usually relatively inexpensive, portable, battery-operated devices, whereas IFC machines tend to be more expensive, are not portable, and require an electrical source.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is usually applied using a single-channel device via 2 electrodes.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at non-noxious intensities has been found to reduce ischemic pain to a greater extent that sham TENS in otherwise pain-free subjects using SETT.
	www.ptjournal.org /PTJournal/Mar2003/v83n3p208.cfm (4180 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is an electronic stimulus generator that transmits electrical impulses of various configurations to electrodes on the skin for the purpose of pain management.
		Electrical Nerve Block, a form of TENS, is the use of transdermally applied electricity to obtain sympathetic neuron blockade in individuals experiencing regional chronic pain.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for the management of pain, when there is an implantable electrical device such as a pacemaker or defibrillator or a convulsive disorder of the head and neck is considered investigational.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Transcutaneous_Electrical_Nerve_Stimulation_TENS.htm (940 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		TENS is a method of electrical stimulation which primarily aims to provide a degree of pain relief (symptomatic) by specifically exciting sensory nerves and thereby stimulating either the pain gate mechanism and/or the opioid system.
		Although this is a small current, it is sufficient because the primary target for the therapy is the sensory nerves, and so long as sufficient current is passed through the tissues to depolarise these nerves, the modality can be effective.
		In addition to the stimulation rate, the duration (or width) of each pulse (C) may be varied from about 40 to 250 micro seconds (ms).
	www.electrotherapy.org /electro/tens/tens.htm (2184 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a therapy that uses low-voltage electrical current for pain relief.
		This may be because the electricity from the electrodes stimulates the nerves in an affected area and sends signals to the brain that "scramble" normal pain signals.
		Another theory is that the electrical stimulation of the nerves may help the body to produce natural painkillers called endorphins, which may block the perception of pain.
	www.bchealthguide.org /kbase/topic/special/tr3497spec/sec1.htm (399 words)

	TENS Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
		Stimulating the larger nerve fibres using it may have the effect of inhibiting the transmission of pain along the smaller nerve fibres to the spinal cord [known as the ‘Pain Gate Theory’].
		Operating a stimulator at high and low frequencies between 2 to 150 pulses per second has the effect of at high frequencies causing the central nervous system to transmit inhibitory nerve signals along the large diameter nerve fibers, this creates 'gate' cells in the pathway to switch off pain transmission to the brain.
		Tortora and Anagnistakas (1984) divided pain into two types: somatic pain arising from the stimulation of receptors in the skin, muscle joints and tendons and visceral pain arising from the stimulation of receptors in the skin, muscle joints and tendons and visceral pain arising from the stimulation of receptors in the viscera.
	www.veritymedical.co.uk /English/Modes/TENS.htm (1094 words)

	ACS :: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a method of pain relief in which a special device transmits electrical impulses through electrodes to an area of the body that is in pain (see Electromagnetic Therapy).
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a method of pain relief in which a special device transmits low-voltage electrical impulses through electrodes on the skin to an area of the body that is in pain (see Electromagnetic Therapy).
		Another study found that percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (in which electrical current is transmitted through acupuncture needles instead of surface electrodes) was more effective than TENS for relieving low-back pain.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3X_Transcutaneous_Electrical_Nerve_Stimulation.asp?sitearea=ETO (904 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting
		A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) device consists of an electronic stimulus generator that transmits pulses of electric current to electrodes on the skin.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for the treatment of nausea and vomiting is considered investigational.
		No controlled studies were found in the published literature that validate the application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for nausea and vomiting or provide comparisons to other types of treatments.
	www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Transcutaneous_Electrical_Nerve_Stimulation_for_the_Treatment_of_Nausea_and_Vomiting.htm (562 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, or a TENS unit, for back pain relief
		High frequency stimulation, sometimes called "conventional", is tolerable for hours, but the resultant pain relief lasts for a shorter period of time.
		Low-frequency stimulation, sometimes called "acupuncture-like", is more uncomfortable and tolerable for only 20-30 minutes, but the resultant pain relief lasts longer.
		Electrodes can be placed over the painful area, surrounding the painful area, over the nerve supplying the painful area, or even on the opposite side of the body.
	www.spine-health.com /topics/conserv/electro/el02.html (264 words)

	Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy (IDET) and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
		IDET uses heat to modify the nerve fibers of a spinal disc and to destroy pain receptors in the area.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy delivers low-voltage electrical current through electrodes (small pieces of material that conduct electricity) that are placed on the skin near the source of pain.
		The electricity from the electrodes stimulates the nerves in an affected area and sends signals to the brain that "scramble" normal pain signals.
	www.clevelandclinic.org /health/health-info/docs/3600/3677.asp?index=12072 (383 words)

	Electrical nerve stimulation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Electrical nerve stimulation, also called transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), is a noninvasive, drug-free pain management technique.
		Patients should also avoid electrical stimulation in the front of the neck, which can be hazardous.
		The TENS device is a small battery-powered stimulator that produces low-intensity electrical signals through electrodes on or near a painful area, producing a tingling sensation that reduces pain.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/electrical_nerve_stimulation.jsp (641 words)

	eMedicine - Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation : Article Excerpt by: Vladimir Kaye, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) currently is one of the most commonly used forms of electroanalgesia.
		The results of laboratory studies suggest that electrical stimulation delivered by a TENS unit reduces pain through nociceptive inhibition at the presynaptic level in the dorsal horn, thus limiting its central transmission.
		When painful peripheral stimulation does occur, the information carried by C fibers reaches the T cells and opens the gate, allowing pain transmission centrally to the thalamus and cortex, where it is interpreted as pain.
	www.emedicine.com /pmr/byname/transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation.htm (361 words)

	Pain Medicine & Palliative Care: Pain Medicine
		These approaches stimulate the nerve pathways to reduce pain and facilitate motor function.
		Acupuncture stimulation has been shown to release central nervous system endorphins and spinal cord dynorphins, explaining part of its mechanism of action.
		Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) has been used successfully to help control chronic pain in various conditions, including chronic neuropathy, arthritis, postoperative pain, post-fracture recovery, low back pain, postherpetic neuralgia, myofascial pain, and advanced painful malignancies.
	www.stoppain.org /pain_medicine/content/treatments/stimulatory.asp (657 words)

	Electrotherapy for relief of back pain, by Spine-Health
		Early proponents of electricity were labeled as charlatans, but recent scientific studies have proven that electricity can reduce both acute and chronic pain.
		In addition, electrical stimulation has been shown to promote the release of endorphins, which are natural painkillers produced by the body.
		Electrical stimulation should also not be applied over malignancies or infected areas.
	www.spine-health.com /topics/conserv/electro/el01.html (301 words)

	Electrical Stimulation Devices for Home Use
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) consists of an electrical pulse generator connected by wire to two electrodes that apply electrical stimulation to the surface of the skin at the site of pain.
		The theory of galvanic stimulation is that by placing a negative electrode over the edematous site and a positive electrode at a distant site, the monophasic high voltage stimulus applies an electrical potential which disperses the negatively charged proteins away from the edematous site, thereby helping to reduce edema.
		H-wave stimulation is a form of electrical stimulation that differs from other forms of electrical stimulation, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), in terms of its waveform.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/dme/dme11.html (3944 words)

	Does TENS work? [Mar 1997; 37-3]
		For transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for treating pain, by and large they do not.
		Transcutaneous nerve stimulation (TENS) during the first stage of labour: a randomized clinical trial.
		The effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acupuncture-like transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (ALTENS) in the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band37/b37-3.html (989 words)

	ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION
		Electrical stimulation is often used to reduce pain and promote healing.
		Electrical stimulation is also known as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).
		Electrical impulses are then produced to give relief from pain.
	www.dmc.org /health_info/topics/spor5119.html (157 words)

	Z-53B - Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Once it is determined that electrical nerve stimulation should be continued as therapy and the patient has been trained to use the stimulator, it is expected that the patient will employ the TENS on a continual basis in his/her home.
		Electrical nerve stimulation treatments furnished by a physician in his/her office, by a physical therapist or outpatient clinic are excluded from coverage by Section 1862(a)(1) of the Act.
		Procedure code 64550 (Application of surface (transcutaneous) neurostimulator) is covered by Medicare Part B only when it is provided for educating a patient in the use of the instrument for up to two visits.
	www.hgsa.com /professionals/lcd/z53b.html (967 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) for dementia
		Insufficient data to determine the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for dementia.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is rarely used for the treatment of dementia but has been studied in a number of randomized controlled trials.
		Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the application of an electrical current through electrodes attached to the skin.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab004032.html (644 words)

	Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
		The use of electrical impulses to relieve pain, also known as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), is a fairly recent development.
		According to the gate theory, pain is experienced by the body because it travels along nerve fibers towards a part of the brain, the thalamus, or "pain-center" of the brain, which tells the body to feel pain.
		If these T cells are considered as a gate through which the signals must pass, an overload of the quicker moving A signals would block the slower moving pain signal from reaching the brain.
	www.canettifamily.com /scessay3.html (1866 words)

	Urology - Urological Conditions - Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis - Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
		There are several forms of electrical stimulation (also known as “neromodulation”), normally used to treat incontinence, that seem to reduce IC symptoms.
		Generally, they involve using mild electrical pulses to stimulate the nerves that control the bladder and sphincter muscles.
		Another form of TENS is the implanting of a sacral nerve stimulator, a sort of pacemaker for the bladder.
	www.stronghealth.com /services/urology/Conditions/ictranscutaneous.cfm (135 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		It is possible, however, that the mode of TENS used (ie, continuous-mode, high-frequency stimulation at 110 pps) failed to cause vasoconstriction because of the nonphysiologic pattern of stimulation.
		Studies using direct nerve stimulation in experimental animals have demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle is more responsive to irregular bursts of stimulation ranging from 2 to 5 bps than to continuous stimulation with the same average stimulation frequency.
		We were unable to record blood flow measurements during the stimulation period because the electrically stimulated muscle contractions affected the stability of the strain gauge-derived plethysmographic tracing.
	www.ptjournal.org /PTJournal/June2001/v81n6p1183.cfm (4639 words)

	RemedyFind: Electromedicine: TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) - TENS
		Eleven of the trials compromising 964 patients, had reports which stated that a strong, subnoxious electrical stimulation with adequate frequency was administered.
		This study tested the effectiveness of episodic transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as a supplement to pharmacologic analgesia on pain with movement and at rest after abdominal surgery for 33 patients.
		TENS, with a modulated frequency, intensity as high as the subject could tolerate, and electrodes placed on either side and parallel to the incision, was compared to placebo TENS and pharmacologic analgesia alone (control) by using a crossover design.
	www.remedyfind.com /review_long.asp?id=561&review_id=7152 (502 words)

	Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (PENS) and Percutaneous Neuromodulation Therapy (PNT)
		Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) is similar in concept to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, see policy, DME11, Electrical Stimulation Devices for Home Use) but differs in that needles are inserted to a depth of 1 to 4 cm either around or immediately adjacent to the nerve serving the painful area and then stimulated.
		Thus in PENS the location of stimulation is determined by proximity to the pain rather than the theories of energy flow that guide placement of stimulation for acupuncture.
		Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a novel analgesic therapy for diabetic neuropathic pain.
	www.regence.com /trgmedpol/surgery/sur44.html (1262 words)

	TENS Units - Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation by Theratech
		TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) units are a safe non-invasive, drug-free method of relieving chronic pain.
		Here at Theratech our Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulators (TENS) are "Futuristic" in their design and features.
		Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulators (TENS) are a great way to treat your pain with out drugs.
	www.stimsupply.com /electrotherapy-stimulation-units_TENS.html (510 words)

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