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Topic: Transdifferentiation

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	Transdifferentiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transdifferentiation in biology takes place when a non-stem cell transforms into a different type of cell, or when an already differentiated stem cell creates cells outside its already established differentiation.
		They say the transdifferentiation that Collas has shown are not complete - the cells did switch on some of the genes that would be used in their 'new' type but not in their 'old', but they did not switch off all of their old genes.
		Although transdifferentiation is rare in vertebrates, it occurs in the fetal development of the esophagus, when the tunica muscularis which is comprised of smooth muscle transdifferentiates into skeletal muscle across: a.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transdifferentiation (407 words)

	Transdifferentiation - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		For example, in salamanders and chickens when the lens of the eye is removed, cells of the iris turn into lens cells.
		They say the transdifferentation that Collas has shown are not complete - the cells did switch on some of the genes that would be used in their 'new' type but not in their 'old', but they did not switch off all of their old genes.
		It is still an open question whether transdifferentiation could cause a complete change of cell type, and whether such a change would remain active after the cell has been re-implanted in the body.
	www.open-encyclopedia.com /Transdifferentiation (305 words)

	Title: Table
		Transdifferentiation of liver to pancreas has the potential to relieve some of the burden on patients and the healthcare system by providing a long-term solution to this disease.
		Transdifferentiation may be able to free patients from insulin therapy and thus the complications that develop from the yoyo-glycemia that invariably results from it.
		This experiment suggests the possibility that transdifferentiation of liver to pancreas could have long term effects due to PDX-1’s ability to auto-express and that recombinant adenovirus seemed to be an ideal tool for facilitating the transdifferentiation in vivo.
	www.unr.nevada.edu /~gerltbou (1316 words)

	Transdifferentiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Postnatal stem cell survival: does the niche, a rare harbor where...
		Moreover, we have to clarify whether postnatal stem cells are capable of undertaking "transdifferentiation", that is, the conversion of one cell type into...
		The transdifferentiation of resident epithelial cells to a fibroblastic phenotype has been increasingly recognized as a source of fibroblasts.
	www.wikiverse.org /transdifferentiation (408 words)

	Diabetes: Gastrin stimulates [beta]-cell neogenesis and i... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In this model, the splenic portion of the rat pancreas is ligated, which results in a transdifferentiation of acinar to ductal cells in the ligated tail, whereas the head part remains unaffected in terms of histology (2,3).
		The term transdifferentiation is used to denote changes in the differentiation or phenotypic state at the cell level (4), meaning that the obtained phenotype can have adult as well as fetal characteristics.
		Transdifferentiation of acini to regenerative foci of ductal cells appears to be a prerequisite for having gastrin effects, which is likely explained by the observation that these cells acquire the gastrin receptor during their transdifferentiation.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:84209410&refid=holomed_1 (4377 words)

	ISSCR :: Public : Basics : Stem Cell News : Are Adult Stem Cells the Answer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This was very exciting news in that it challenged the longstanding dogma that said once a cell becomes specialized it could no longer adopt a new makeup, and suggested that an adult stem cell equivalent to an embryonic stem cell might exist.
		Of interest were two highly publicized papers that showed that adult stem cells did not transdifferentiate, but rather fused, and formed hybrids, with embryonic stem cells when they were grown together in tissue culture dishes.
		In fact, the authors of the paper note that the absence of cell fusion does not specifically demonstrate that transdifferentiation occurred, but they believe the cells of the lung, liver and skin in their studies were derived from some cell type in the bone marrow.
	www.isscr.org /public/adultstemcellsanswer.htm (985 words)

	Transdifferentiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Transdifferentiation takes place in nature in a specific cases.
		They say transdifferentation that Collas has shown are not - the cells did switch on some the genes that would be used in their type but not in their 'old' but did not switch off all of their genes.
		It is still an open question transdifferentiation could cause a complete change of type and whether such a change would active after the cell has been re-implanted the body.
	www.freeglossary.com /Transdifferentiation (390 words)

	ESC Congress: Converting cells into heart muscle
		This plasticity concept — the ability of bone marrow cell to transdifferentiate into heart muscle cell — is supported by experimental and clinical data.
		Another possibility is to replace the missing function by causing transdifferentiation of existing cells.
		There is real hope that we may be able to control this unique phenomenon to produce many heart cells to create a new heart muscle based on cells harvested from the patient himself.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-08/esoc-ecc083104.php (257 words)

	Stem cells: Cell fusion causes confusion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		One test of transdifferentiation in vitro is based on the idea that the developmental limitations of tissue-specific stem cells are dictated by their environment, and that new signals that relax these restrictions might be provided by cells from a different tissue.
		After two to four weeks, the authors recovered several cell colonies that expressed GFP and were resistant to puromycin, indicating that they were derived from neural stem cells but had become ES-cell-like with respect to their growth characteristics and the Oct4-driven expression of these markers.
		Most important, however, the new results call for a detailed genetic analysis of cells that have been thought to undergo transdifferentiation, and highlight the need to define this process mechanistically so that it can be more rigorously diagnosed in future.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nature/journal/v416/n6880/full/416485a_r.html (1255 words)

	Transdifferentiation.com
		Another possiblilty is to replace the missing function by causing transdifferentiation of existing cells.
		Transdifferentiation of liver to pancreas has considerable potential significance as a novel therapy for diabetes.
		We are currently researching methods to interconvert other tissue types, especially the different tissues of the gut and associated structures, which are all derived from the innermost tissue layer of the early embryo, called the endoderm.
	www.bath.ac.uk /bio-sci/transdifferentiation (317 words)

	Nucleotech - News & events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Collas presents recent developments in the area of Transdifferentiation at the 2003 Symposium on "Mechanisms Regulating Developmental Plasticity", in connection with the Annual Meeting of the International Embryo Society, held January 10-15, 2003, in Auckland, New Zealand.
		Philippe Collas, Ph.D. Ways of directly turning a somatic cell into another (a process known as transdifferentiation) would alleviate difficulties associated with current nuclear transplantation procedures and be beneficial for producing replacement cells for therapeutic purposes.
		The system is also likely to constitute a powerful tool to examine the mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming as they occur in vitro.
	www.nucleotech.com /news/index.asp?Actionvar=details&Recid=21 (220 words)

	Transdifferentiation of macrophages into fibroblasts as a result of Schistosoma mansoni infection. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Transdifferentiation of macrophages into fibroblasts as a result of Schistosoma mansoni infection.
		Transdifferentiation of macrophages into fibroblasts as a result of Schistosoma mansoni infection.Immunocytochemical methods were then used to characterize the cells at different points in time.
		The possibility of transdifferentiation of macrophages into fibroblasts which could be at the origin of fibrotic tissue in schistosome-infected mice was studied using immunocytochemical techniques.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/7360002.html (132 words)

tags --> David Tosh - Department of Biology & Biochemistry</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> (or sometimes it is referred to as metaplasia) is defined as the conversion of one differentiated cell type to another. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> We have developed a number of models for the <b>transdifferentiation</b> of pancreas to liver and the reverse, liver to pancreas transformation (see selected publications). </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The answer is that the <a href="/topics/Gene" title="Gene" class=fl>gene</a> (transcription factor) that induces <b>transdifferentiation</b> is also probably important in distinguishing the two tissues during development.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.bath.ac.uk /bio-sci/tosh.htm</font> (672 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.arclab.org/medlineupdates/abstract_15610763.html">Profiling molecular targets of TGF-beta1 in prostate fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation.</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The development of age-related proliferative disorders of the prostate gland is supported by <b>transdifferentiation</b> and cellular senescence processes in the stroma. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> In clear contrast to senescent cells, TGF-beta1-treated cells morphologically <b>transdifferentiated</b> into myofibroblasts with dense cytoskeletal fibers and increased expression of smooth muscle cell alpha-actin, calponin and tenascin. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Moreover, GageC1, a prostate/testis-specific protein overexpressed in symptomatic BPH and PCa was induced in <b>transdifferentiated</b> stromal cells.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_15610763.html</font> (336 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><u>Direct transdifferentiation in the vertebrate retina</u> <i>(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)</i></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Abstract Transdifferentiation is the process by which differentiated cells alter their identity to become other, distinct cell types. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The conversion of neural retina into <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> epithelium is one of the most spectacular examples of <b>transdifferentiation</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> We show that the redirection of cell fate from neural retina to <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> and subsequent <b>transdifferentiation</b> is independent of cell replication as it occurs in growth-arrested cell populations.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.marzo/42_2_10.htm</font> (80 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.jci.org/cgi/content/full/108/12/1853">Advanced glycation end products cause epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation via the receptor for advanced ...</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Morphological and immunohistological demonstration of AGE-mediated <b>transdifferentiation</b> of NRK 52E cells. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Evidence of <b>transdifferentiation</b> in a case of human diabetic nephropathy. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Tubular epithelial-myofibroblast <b>transdifferentiation</b> in progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/108/12/1853</font> (6337 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><u>Transdifferentiation of Epithelial Glomerular Cells -- Bariéty et al. 14 (Supplement 1): 42 -- Journal of the ...</u> <i>(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)</i></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of Epithelial Glomerular Cells -- Bariéty et al. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of Glomerular Epithelial Cells in Posttransplantation Relapse of Primary FSGS </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Gressner A: <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells) to myofibroblasts: A key event in hepatic fibrogenesis.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>jasn.asnjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/suppl_1/S42</font> (3112 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.sciencewatch.com/jan-feb2004/sw_jan-feb2004_page5.htm">Stem-Cell Experiments Continue to Excite—and Sometimes Confuse</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> These experiments, with bone marrow and progenitor central-nervous-system cells, respectively, involved co-culture with embryonic <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a>, which are truly <a href="/topics/Pluripotent" title="Pluripotent" class=fl>pluripotent</a>, and the results lead to the suggestion that the changed potential observed is due to cell fusion not <b>transdifferentiation</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The authors offer another candidate as a source for cells that might be harnessed to the management of disease—namely, the <a href="/topics/Multipotent" title="Multipotent" class=fl>multipotent</a> adult progenitor cell from rodent bone marrow—and this, rather than any contribution to the cell-fusion debate, possibly explains the high citation rate. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> However, of interest to the <b>transdifferentiation</b> versus cell-fusion argument is the fact that these workers did not use co-culture with embryo <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a> and the like.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.sciencewatch.com /jan-feb2004/sw_jan-feb2004_page5.htm</font> (877 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2003-03/niod-sri032403.php">Scientists report important data in stem cell debate</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> This led to a series of confirmatory findings that seemed to have settled the question, when two teams of researchers last year dropped the small bombshell that, in their laboratory studies, some <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a> physically fused with other cells. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> While the pros and cons of <b>transdifferentiation</b> may sound of interest to academicians only, the issue potentially has profound public health implications. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> If <b>transdifferentiation</b> is a biological reality, scientists would have a potential inroad to therapeutically manipulate adult <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a>, the long-lived "progenitor" cells that produce the myriad specialized cells in our tissues.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-03/niod-sri032403.php</font> (1190 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v10/a24">Walter, Mol Vis 2004; 10:186-198.</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The process of cornea-lens <b>transdifferentiation</b> closely resembles that of <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> development in regards to the source of the <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> and morphological changes that lead to the regeneration of the <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> [24]. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> A number of <a href="/topics/Gene" title="Gene" class=fl>genes</a> shown to be expressed during <b>transdifferentiation</b> are expressed in the <a href="/topics/Eye" title="Eye" class=fl>eye</a> during the early phase of <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> induction [25-26, and shown here] and we argued that, to a large extent, cornea-lens <b>transdifferentiation</b> recapitulates the process of embryonic <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> development. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The observed expression of these particular <a href="/topics/Gene" title="Gene" class=fl>genes</a> during <b>transdifferentiation</b> may therefore be due to transcriptional control from <a href="/topics/Gene" title="Gene" class=fl>genes</a> normally expressed during the late stages of <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> development and induction.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.molvis.org /molvis/v10/a24</font> (7874 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.ijdb.ehu.es/abstract.04023/a197.htm">Int. J. Dev. Biol.- Skin Development Special Issue- Transdifferentiation of corneal epithelium: evidence for a linkage ...</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of corneal epithelium: evidence for a linkage between the segregation of epidermal <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a> and the induction of hair follicles during embryogenesis </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> ABSTRACT Corneal epithelium <b>transdifferentiation</b> into a hair-bearing epidermis provides a particularly useful system for studying the possibility that transient amplifying (TA) cells are able to activate different genetic programs in response to a change in their fibroblast environment, as well as to follow the different steps of rebuilding an epidermis from induced <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> This confirms the role of the hair as the main reservoir of epidermal <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a> and raises the question of the nature of the dermal messages which are both involved in hair induction and <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cell</a> specification.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.04023/a197.htm</font> (346 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www2.mdanderson.org/app/techcommerc/body.cfm?mdaref=MDA03-094">Office of Technology</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The last several years have produced an explosion in the scientific world regarding <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a>, their ability to <b>transdifferentiate</b> into multiple cell types, and their potential for treating a variety of conditions. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Investigators at MD Anderson Cancer Center have developed a fusion protein that, when expressed in muscle progenitor cells, is sufficient to <b>transdifferentiate</b> the muscle <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a> into neurons. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Importantly, the potential capability to take healthy adult <a href="/topics/Stem-cell" title="Stem cell" class=fl>stem cells</a> from a patient, <b>transdifferentiate</b> them in culture into neurons, and inject them back into the patient offers attractive treatment options for a variety of conditions that require neuronal regeneration, including spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury or neural degenerative diseases.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www2.mdanderson.org /app/techcommerc/body.cfm?mdaref=MDA03-094</font> (368 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0008/ea0008oc2.htm">Insulin transgene overexpression: a tool for characterisation of beta-cell phenotype in transdifferentiation studies</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of non-endocrine pancreatic cells towards a beta-cell phenotype may enable insulin independence in many individuals from a single donor. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> The aim of this study was to fully characterise endocrine potential of pancreatic acinar cells before and after <b>transdifferentiation</b>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> regimes comprised culture on Matrigel basement membrane and supplementation with a range of growth factors (GLP1(7-36); activin A; betacellulin; HGF).</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.endocrine-abstracts.org /ea/0008/ea0008oc2.htm</font> (338 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/content/abstract/171/2/309">Factors mediating the transdifferentiation of islets of Langerhans to duct epithelial-like structures -- Wang et al. ...</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Factors mediating the <b>transdifferentiation</b> of islets of Langerhans to duct epithelial-like structures -- Wang et al. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Factors mediating the <b>transdifferentiation</b> of islets of Langerhans to duct epithelial-like structures </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> We have previously shown that isolated islets embedded in type 1 collagen gel in the presence of a defined medium undergo <b>transdifferentiation</b> within 96 h to duct epithelial structures.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>joe.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/abstract/171/2/309</font> (271 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><u>Sin t’tulo1</u> <i>(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)</i></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Such an event is possible by the <b>transdifferentiation</b> of the pigment epithelial cells (PECs) from the dorsal <a href="/topics/Iris-of-the-eye" title="Iris of the eye" class=fl>iris</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Studies of this event at the cellular level have been facilitated owing to the ability of PECs to become <a href="/topics/Lens-\%28vision\%29" title="Lens \%28vision\%29" class=fl>lens</a> cells even when they are placed in culture, outside of the <a href="/topics/Eye" title="Eye" class=fl>eye</a>. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> However, studies at the molecular level are still hindered by the intrinsic problems of primary cultures, namely storage, reproducibility and genetic manipulation.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>www.ijdb.ehu.es /abstract.0109/a753.html</font> (242 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><body face="Arial"> <br> <table cellpadding=0> <tr> <td> </td> <td> <table > <tr><td> </td><td colspan=2><a href="http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/131/20/5139">Transdifferentiation of the retina into pigmented cells in ocular retardation mice defines a new function of the ...</a></td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of the retina into pigmented cells in ocular retardation mice defines a new function of the homeodomain <a href="/topics/Gene" title="Gene" class=fl>gene</a> Chx10 -- Rowan et al. </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> <b>Transdifferentiation</b> of retina to pigment cells in the or </td></tr> <tr><td valign=top><img style="margin-top:4px;" src=/images/a.gif></td><td></td><td> Role of Mitf in differentiation and <b>transdifferentiation</b> of <a href="/topics/Chicken" title="Chicken" class=fl>chicken</a> pigmented epithelial cell.</td></tr> <tr><td></td><td colspan=2><font color=gray>dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/131/20/5139</font> (7783 words)</td></tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table><script language="JavaScript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript">  </script> <script language="JavaScript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> <br> <p style="margin-left:30px;font-size:13px;"><b>Try your search on: <a href="http://www.qwika.com/find/Transdifferentiation">Qwika</a> (all wikis)</b></p> <form action=http://www.factbites.com/search.php><table width="100%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td background="/images/f1.gif"><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 background="/images/b.gif"><tr><td><img src="/images/f2.gif" width=38 height=37 alt=" "/></td><td><table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td><a href="/"><img src="/images/f3.gif" width=95 height=37 alt="Factbites" border=0 /></a><img src="/images/b.gif" width=15 height=1 alt=" "/></td><td valign=bottom><input type=text size=30 name=kp><img src="/images/b.gif" width=2 height=1 alt=" " /><input type=submit value=" Find » " class=b2></td></tr></table></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td><span class=f> <a href="http://www.factbites.com/about_us.php">About us</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/why_use_us.php">Why use us?</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/reviews.php">Reviews</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/press.php">Press</a> | <a href="http://www.factbites.com/contact_us.php">Contact us</a> <br />Copyright © 2005-2007 www.factbites.com Usage implies agreement with <a href=http://www.factbites.com/terms_and_conditions.php>terms</a>.</span></td></tr></table><img src="/images/b.gif" width=450 height=1 alt=" " /></td></tr></table></form> <script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> _uacct = "UA-317061-4"; urchinTracker(); </script> </body></html>