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Topic: Transesterification

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Secondary alcohol

Rearrangement reaction

Esterification

Alcohol poisoning

Organic reaction

Biodiesel

Alcohol

Palmitic acid

Vegetable oil

Linolenic acid

Straight vegetable oil

Ester

Linoleic acid

Ether

Stearic acid

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Transesterification
		Transesterification is used in the synthesis of polyester, in which diesters undergo transesterification with diols to form macromolecules.
		Transesterification is the magic trick that brings the physico-chemical properties of the neat oil close to that of diesel fuel.
		The transesterification process is the reaction of a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an bioalcohol to form esters and glycerol.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transesterification (1434 words)

	C&EN: NEWS OF THE WEEK - FLUOROUS BIPHASIC TRANSESTERIFICATION
		A new fluorinated catalyst-solvent system that overcomes some of the traditional limitations of transesterification reactions--thus boosting its potential as a green industrial process--has been developed by a research team at Okayama University of Science in Japan.
		Generally, transesterification involves the acid- or base-catalyzed reaction of an ester and an alcohol that leads to double displacement of substituent groups.
		They are equilibrium-dependent reactions, meaning a large excess of the ester or alcohol is needed to drive the reaction, with one of the reactants usually acting as the solvent.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/topstory/7940/7940notw4.html (441 words)

	Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society - Transesterification of vegetable oils: a review (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Transesterification is the general term used to describe the important class of organic reactions where an ester is transformed into another through interchange of the alkoxy moiety.
		The transesterification is an equilibrium reaction and the transformation occurs essentially by mixing the reactants.
		Due to the excellent performance of TBD in the transesterification of vegetable oils, the catalytic activity of other alkylguanidines was also investigated, in order to establish and understand all factors that may affect their catalytic properties.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-50531998000300002 (4262 words)

	Learn more about Biodiesel in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is produced by a chemical process (transesterification) which removes glycerol from the oil.
		Transesterification of a vegetable oil was conducted as early as 1853, by scientists E. Duffy and J. Patrick, making it before the first diesel engine became functional.
		The transesterification process is the reaction of a triglyceride (fat/oil) with an bioalcohol to form esters and glycerol.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /b/bi/biodiesel.html (2523 words)

	化学化工论坛 - 化工技术探索 - 植物油的酯交换反应（英文） - powered by Discuz!
		Transesterification is the general term used to describe the important class of organic reactions where an ester is transformed into another through interchange of the alkoxy moiety.
		In the transesterification of vegetable oils, a triglyceride reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a strong acid or base, producing a mixture of fatty acids alkyl esters and glycerol25,26 (Scheme 4).
		However, its activity in the transesterification of vegetable oils is low (14% conversion after 5 h72), as the diffusion of the triglycerides through the channels of the Y zeolite is slow due to steric hindrance.
	www.chinweb.com.cn /forum/viewthread.php?tid=1540 (4220 words)

	Final Paper
		Transesterification, an innovative method of turning vegetable oils into fuel is proving to be one of the most efficient alternative fuel sources yet.
		The transesterification process is a clear solution to the problem of oil depletion, which ethically considers the environment, public welfare and economic factors involved.
		The transesterification process allows for a renewable source of fuel to be prepared in a short amount of time and under normal conditions.
	www.pitt.edu /~pev4/finalpaper.html (4842 words)

	Full Text - Enzymatic synthesis of short chain citronellol esters by a new lipase from Rhizopus sp
		Direct esterification and transesterification reactions have been performed to produce citronellyl acetate and butyrate in a free-solvent system and with n-hexane in reaction medium.
		Citronellyl acetate was synthesized by transesterification with ethyl acetate and cytronellol, with yield of 58% after 48 hrs.
		Transesterification reaction showed different behaviour, ester substrate with four carbons was better than six carbon for citronellyl acetate synthesis.
	www.ejbiotechnology.info /content/vol6/issue1/full/2 (1496 words)

	Synthesis of alkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate by transesterification - Patent 7071351
		The present invention relates to the synthesis of t-butylaminoethyl methacrylate by transesterification of t-butylaminoethanol with methyl methacrylate (MMA).
		EP 160427 (Allied Colloids) describes the transesterification of methacrylates in the presence of an alcohol and/or in the presence of a mixture of alkoxides of that alcohol and/or of methanol with Ca, Mg or Ba, Ti and Zr or Al.
		The advantage of the inventive achievement, which consists in catalyzing the transesterification by means of zirconium acetylacetonate, is a methacrylic ester having a lower crosslinker content.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /7071351.html (909 words)

	Biodiesel Production from Algae Oil – Transesterification, Centrifuges for Algal Bio-diesel Process
		Pyrolysis Definition from AFR) and transesterification are the four techniques applied to solve the problems encountered with the high fuel viscosity.
		Chemically, transesterification means taking a triglyceride molecule or a complex fatty acid, neutralizing the free fatty acids, removing the glycerin and creating an alcohol ester.
		Transesterification of algal oil is normally done with ethanol and sodium ethanolate serving as the catalyst.
	www.oilgae.com /algae/oil/biod/prod/prod.html (1423 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : Transesterification — The magic solution for bio-diesel
		Among the many ways of adapting the fuel to the engine, transesterification is the most viable process that is used in commercial practice today.
		Bio-diesel is the generic name for the family of diesel fuel alternatives produced by transesterification of oils from agricultural feedstock.
		The normal chain length for plant oils is from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, with 0 to 3 double bonds that are responsible for the physico-chemical properties of the oil.
	www.blonnet.com /2003/10/08/stories/2003100800030900.htm (938 words)

	Preparation of ester derivatives of fatty acids for chromatographic analysis (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For base-catalysed transesterification of existing esters, it is necessary therefore to have a large excess of the new alcohol and an absence of water from the reaction medium.
		Benzyl esters of milk fat were prepared by transesterification with potassium benzylate [55], and butyrate in milk fat was determined in the form of the phenethyl ester [56].
		A quite different and novel approach involved transesterification of glycerolipids to benzyl esters with benzoyl alcohol and (m-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)trimethyl ammonium hydroxide as catalyst, with pyrolysis of the salt of the acids to the methyl esters in the injection port of the gas chromatograph [337].
	www.lipidlibrary.co.uk /topics/ester_93/index.htm (12584 words)

	Biological & Agricultural Engine
		Transesterification is the process of reacting a triglyceride molecule with an excess of alcohol in the presence of a catalyst (KOH, NaOH, NaOCN
		In this transesterification reaction, one mole of triglyceride reacts with 3 moles of methanol to produce three moles of fatty esters (biodiesel) and one mole of glycerol.
		On a weight basis, the mole of triglyceride will weigh about 884 grams, the three moles of methanol about 96 grams, the resulting three moles of biodiesel will weight about 888 grams and the mole of glycerol will weigh 92 grams.
	www.uidaho.edu /bioenergy/Bioshortcourse/Chemistry2.htm (346 words)

	Effect of 2'-5' Phosphodiesters on DNA Transesterification by Vaccinia Topoisomerase -- Krogh et al. 276 (24): 20907 -- ...
		Effect of 2'-5' Phosphodiesters on DNA Transesterification by Vaccinia Topoisomerase -- Krogh et al.
		in lieu of the scissile phosphodiester abolished transesterification
		Benzo[c]phenanthrene Adducts and Nogalamycin Inhibit DNA Transesterification by Vaccinia Topoisomerase
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/276/24/20907 (3822 words)

	Ribozymes: Catalytic RNA
		One of the reactions that is catalyzed by numerous natural ribozymes is RNA cleavage by transesterification.
		From this work came a large group of new ribozymes that we subsequently pressed into service to understand the nature of the reaction of transesterification and all the enzymes that accelerate this reaction.
		Often, the hypothesis that drives our research is that a given function can be expected from nucleic acids because it would have been required in an RNA World, whether or not the characteristic is known to persist in organisms today.
	www.yale.edu /breaker/ribozymes.htm (224 words)

	Greenline Industries BioDiesel Plants, Innovative Biofuel Technologies
		The basic process for any catalyst induced transesterification process involves migrating ester chains from a triglyceride molecule, and reconnecting the ester chains with a methanol or ethanol molecule, thus creating a methyl ester molecule.
		It causes soap to be formed in the transesterification process, and also causes the finished fuel to be unstable.
		With the Greenline dual station transesterification process there is no trade off or sacrifice of fuel quality for throughput.
	www.greenlineindustries.com /ProcessDesc_1.htm (1582 words)

	What is BioDiesel... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Biodiesel is produced during a chemical reaction called transesterification, which transfers esters (energy-storing hydrocarbon chains) from one alcohol molecule to another.
		During transesterification, the esters are transferred from glycerol to a different alcohol molecule (typically methanol).
		After the transesterification process, the "oily" biodiesel methyl esters (esters attached to methanol) float to the top of the solution, and the "watery" glycerol settles to the bottom.
	www.brevardbiodiesel.com /whatisbiod.html (163 words)

	Ethanol Based Biodiesel
		Transesterification of rapeseed oil at the University of Idaho from 1980 to 1990 used methanol as the alcohol.
		Fluids were pumped through the use of a centrifugal pump which required a hand primer pump to transfer the alcohol from the plastic barrel to the reactor tank.
		Sodium hydroxide was not a suitable catalyst because it was not aufficiently soluble in ethanol and it tends to promote undesirable gel and emulsion formation during transesterification.
	www.green-trust.org /2000/biofuel/biodiesel_ethanol.htm (3786 words)

	Stability of sulfadiazine oral liquids prepared from tablets and powder.
		Degradation of parabens by transesterification with several aliphatic alcohols and polyols reveal that the reaction leads to a sharp decrease in the half-life of drugs (1-2).
		The transesterification of procaine with aliphatic alcohols such as ethanol, n-propanol and tert-butanol was studied by variable-parameter kinetics (VPaK) method, using the fluorometric measurements (4).
		The transesterification is a reversible reaction and its equilibrium depends on the relative concentrations and nucleophilic abilities of the alkoxide ions (11).
	www.ualberta.ca /~csps/JPPS7(1)/M.Gholami/procaine.htm (1588 words)

	transesterification
		The transesterification process reacts an alcohol (like methanol) with the triglyceride oils contained in vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases, forming fatty acid alkyl esters (biodiesel) and glycerin.
		The remaining triglycerides are converted to biodiesel in the transesterification reaction.
		The mixture is heated and stirred, and the free fatty acids are converted to biodiesel.
	www.cogeneration.net /transesterification.htm (4121 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: In Situ Alkaline Transesterification: An Effective Method for the Production of Fatty Acid ...
		Subsequent work will be required to test its suitability with other alcohols and to examine the nutritional suitability of the spent meal, since the sale of extracted meal for use as an animal feed is a key component of the profitability of an oilseed operation.
		The efficiency of removal of lipid from 100 g of soy flakes subjected to in situ transesterification at room temperature under optimal conditions was 90%.
		Of the glycerol produced by transesterification of lipid, 94% was located in the alcoholic ester phase and 6% was on the post-transesterification flakes.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=141379 (759 words)

	Ultrasonic Transesterification of Oil to Biodiesel
		Ultrasonication increases the chemical reaction speed of the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats into biodiesel.
		Ultrasonic cavitation provides the necessary activation energy for the industrial transesterification process.
		soy, canola, jatropha, sunflower seed or algae) or animal fats, involves the base-catalyzed transesterification of fatty acids with methanol or ethanol to give the corresponding methyl esters or ethyl esters.
	www.hielscher.com /ultrasonics/biodiesel_transesterification_01.htm (1430 words)

	HPLC and LC–MS Studies of the Transesterification Reaction of Methylparaben with Twelve 3- to 6-Carbon Sugar ...
		However, their possible incompatibility because of transesterification reaction is a concern during formulation development.
		The acyl migration pathway for each of the isolated positional isomers from the transesterification reaction of methylparaben with sorbitol, ribitol, and xylitol is followed by HPLC.
		Based on the information, a tentative assignment of the six isomer peaks generated from the transesterification reaction between methylparaben and sorbitol is proposed.
	www.j-chrom-sci.com /abstracts/2002/march/170-kwong.htm (332 words)

	Biodiesel
		The transesterification process involves mixing at room temperature methanol (50% excess) with NaOH (100% excess), then mixing vigorously with vegetable oil and letting the glycerol settle (about 15% of the biodiesel mix).
		An in situ alkaline transesterification was shown to be efficient in preparing fatty acid esters, the simple and direct process eliminating the expense associated with solvent extraction and oil cleanup (Haas MJ et al., JAOCS 2004, 81, 83).
		Transesterification may be processed using methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, or butanol, the catalyst being either sodium or potassium hydroxide.
	www.cyberlipid.org /glycer/biodiesel.htm (1366 words)

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