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Topic: Transfer RNA

Related Topics

RNA gene

Protein synthesis

Messenger RNA

RNA world hypothesis

RNA

Small interfering RNA

Uridine monophosphate

Guanosine monophosphate

Nucleobase

DNA

IUPAC nomenclature

Purine

Guanine

Adenosine monophosphate

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	RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		RNA serves as the template for translation of genes into proteins, transferring amino acids to the ribosome to form proteins, and also translating the transcript into proteins.
		Transfer RNA is a small RNA chain of about 74-93 nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.
		RNA genes (sometimes referred to as non-coding RNA or small RNA) are genes that encode RNA that is not translated into a protein.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/RNA (1158 words)

	Encyclopedia: Transfer RNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A nucleotide is an organic molecule consisting of a heterocyclic nucleobase (a purine or a pyrimidine), a pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA), and a phosphate or polyphosphate group.
		Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA, are a class of 20-25 nucleotide-long RNA molecules that interfere with the expression of genes.
		Instead, the match is made by transfer RNA, the Rosetta Stone that translates the nucleotide language of codons into the amino acid language of proteins.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transfer-RNA (2641 words)

	Transfer RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transfer RNA (abbreviated tRNA) is a small RNA chain (74-93 nucleotides) that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation.
		Transfer RNA is the "adaptor" molecule hypothesized by Francis Crick, which mediates recognition of the codon sequence in mRNA and allows its translation into the appropriate amino acid.
		tRNA molecules are transcribed (in eukaryotic cells) by RNA polymerase III, unlike messenger RNA which is transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transfer_RNA (784 words)

	Birgid Schlindwein's Hypermedia Glossary Of Genetic Terms - Search results (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A class of RNA having structures with triplet nucleotide sequences that are complementary sequences to the triplet nucleotide coding sequences of mRNA.
		A subunit of DNA or RNA consisting of a nitrogenous base (purine in adenine and guanine, pyrimidine in thymine, or cytosine for DNA and uracil cytosine for RNA), a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA).
		RNA that serves as a template for protein synthesis or for synthesis of cDNA.
	hal.weihenstephan.de /genglos/asp/genreq.asp?nr=234 (303 words)

	RNA structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The covalent structure of RNA differs from that of DNA in two basic ways (a) ribonucleic acid so the sugar unit in the nucleotides is ribose rather than deoxyribose (b) no thymine found in RNA its replaced by uracil U. Uracil can base pair with adenine.
		RNA molecules are single stranded except in some viruses however it is possible for RNA molecules to fold on themselves to form short regions of double helix by forming a hair-pin loop.
		Base pairing in RNA hairpin loops is frequently imperfect, often opposite bases cannot base pair, and one or more bases along a strand may be looped out in order for base pairing to occur by proper base pairing.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /courses/stfunmac/glossary/RNA.html (350 words)

	transfer RNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Transfer RNA is involved in protein synthesis in that it brings the correct amino acid to the ribosomes.
		The diagram on the left represents a single stranded transfer RNA molecule.
		The dots represent the nucelotides of the RNA.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /biology/bio4fv/page/trna.htm (123 words)

	RNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During RNA synthesis, the phosphate group of a new ribonucleotide is attached by the enzyme RNA polymerase (def) to the 3' carbon of a ribonucleotide.
		Messenger RNA copies the genetic information in the DNA by complementary base pairing (def) and carries this "message" to the ribosomes where the proteins are assembled.
		Transfer RNAs picks up specific amino acids (def), transfers the amino acids to the ribosomes, and insert the correct amino acids in the proper place according to the mRNA message.
	www.cat.cc.md.us /biotutorials/dna/rna.html (279 words)

	RNA world - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Non-informational "stray" RNA RNA is present in a variety of non-informational contexts, while DNA is never present in such contexts; DNA is exclusively a master-copy molecule.
		RNA enzymes Ribozymes are enzymes composed of RNA instead of protein.
		The hypothesis that the first organisms were constructed from RNA was first suggested by Carl Woese in 1967, and a year later by Leslie Orgel and Francis Crick.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/RNA_world (1347 words)

	Transcription
		An enzyme, an RNA polymerase, binds to the complex of transcription factors.
		In eukaryotes, this requires — at least for protein-encoding genes — that the nucleosomes in front of the advancing RNA polymerase (RNAP II) be removed.
		In vitro, at least, when RNA polymerase is immobilized, it spins the DNA molecule around and around as it moves along the molecule.
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/T/Transcription.html (2067 words)

	Transfer RNA tRNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Effect of light on nucleotide modifications in the transfer RNA of cucumber coty...
		Peptidyl transfer RNA dissociates during protein synthesis from ribosomes of Esc...
		Transfer RNA determinants for translational editing by Escherichia coli valyl-tR...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /biology/154.html (224 words)

	SparkNotes: DNA Translation: Transfer RNA
		In The Genetic Code, we explained how each codon in messenger RNA (mRNA) codes for a specific amino acid, and that in the process of translation the mRNA brings the amino acids together to form proteins.
		That component is transfer RNA (tRNA), which acts as a kind of link between the information encoded in the mRNA and the amino acids.
		Transfer RNA molecules vary in length between 60 and 95 nucleotides, with the majority measuring about 75 nucleotides (much smaller than the normal mRNA strand).
	www.sparknotes.com /biology/molecular/translation/section1.html (840 words)

	Lasker Luminaries \| Zamecnik \| interview 2 - transcript
		And one thing we missed, at that time, was the concept of messenger RNA, that is, the ribosomes I mentioned are spools on which the message runs and it is a single strand that runs along and sort of sequences the protein which is being made.
		Mahlon Hoagland: RNA is a molecule that is made of units, four different units, just like DNA strung together in a chain and those units are called nucleotides and transfer RNA is as RNA molecules go and as DNA goes it is a small molecule. Namely, it is about 70 units long.
		The protein molecule recognizes a particular transfer RNA and attaches its activated amino acid to that transfer RNA.
	www.laskerfoundation.org /awards/kwood/zamecnik/transcript2.html (1386 words)

	Transfer RNAAla recognizes transfer-messenger RNA with specificity; a functional complex prior to entering the ribosome?
		As an ancillary role (Huang et al., 2000), this RNA encodes a peptide tag that is incorporated at the end of the aberrant polypeptide and targets it for proteolysis.
		Nevertheless, for both RNAs the binding is specific, increases in a concentration-dependent manner and reaches a plateau that is 3- to 4-fold reduced compared with their native counterparts (Figure 5; Table I).
		Data are represented as the percentage of the RNA complex of interest relative to the input probe, calculated as the sum of the intensity of all bands in the corresponding lane.
	www.nature.com /emboj/journal/v20/n11/full/7593794a.html (7479 words)

	RNA glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		RNA- RNA interactions are at the very core of the complex process of RNA processing -- not only as substrate, but in structural and catalytic roles as well.
		Ribosomal RNA, RNA molecules which are essential structural and functional components of ribosomes, the subcellular units responsible for protein synthesis.
		Structural genomics of RNA will be most interesting when integrated with experimental and computational methods for identifying novel RNA genes and determining their biological relevance: an approach defined previously as 'ribonomics' [11].
	www.genomicglossaries.com /content/RNA.asp (5161 words)

	An RNA Structure Primer
		RNA is ribonucleic acid, a close cousin of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA.
		RNA molecules are built from three basic components: ribose, a five-carbon suger, phosphate, and a family of four heterocyclic bases.
		Although RNA molecules are linear polymers, they fold back on themselves to make intricate secondary and tertiary structures that are essential for them to perform their biological roles.
	www.rnabase.org /primer (962 words)

	The Central Dogma of Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		RNA has a hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon of the sugar (thus, the difference between deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid.
		Because of the extra hydroxyl group on the sugar, RNA is too bulky to form a a stable double helix.
		The RNA molecule with its hairpin loops is said to have a secondary structure.
	web.mit.edu /esgbio/www/dogma/dogma.html (650 words)

	Transfer RNA: A Comparison by Gel Electrophoresis of the tRNA in HeLa Cytoplasm, HeLa Mitochondrial Fraction, and E. ...
		Transfer RNA: A Comparison by Gel Electrophoresis of the tRNA in HeLa Cytoplasm, HeLa Mitochondrial Fraction, and E. coli -- Knight and Sugiyama 63 (4): 1383 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
		A class of transfer RNA separable from the majority of transfer RNA by gel electrophoresis has been observed in E. coli and in the mitochondrial fraction of HeLa cells but not in HeLa cytoplasm.
		The size of this class of transfer RNA, as judged by its mobility on polyacrylamide gel, is intermediate between the major part of the transfer RNA and 5S RNA.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/63/4/1383 (189 words)

	RNA World Intro: tRNA Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The tertiary structure of a transfer RNA resembles an inverted letter L. The vertical stem is formed by coaxial stacking of the acceptor and T-stems to form one contiguous helix, and the horizontal stem is likewise formed by stacking of the D-stem and the anticodon stem.
		The stem regions of transfer RNA are formed by double-stranded helices.
		The double- stranded helices in the transfer RNA are in the A-form.
	rnaworld.bio.ku.edu /class/RNA/RNA00/RNA_World_1.html (1167 words)

	[No title]
		RNA's are typically, single-stranded, smaller than DNA and turn over rapidly (relative to DNA) i.e., have a short half-life.
		The sequence of nucleotieds in RNA is complementary to the sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA.
		Also the RNA - DNA hybrids at the U-rich region are unstable and allow dissociation of RNA from the template and reformation of DNA - DNA duplex at the transcription bubble.
	www.ksu.edu /bchem/courses/BIOCH521/f97/chap22.htm (1209 words)

	RNA-mediated transfer of cellular immunity to a conserved epitope of glycoprotein 41 of HIV-1 to human lymphocytes.
		The RNA was extracted from spleens and lymph nodes of sheep that had been immunized with p12.
		This study is the first successful attempt to transfer with RNA cellular immunity to an antigen with a number of amino acids near the limit of recognition of the immune system.
		The RNA obtained from animals immunized with tumor cells has been used in the treatment of human cancer in view of its ability in generating in vivo specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1992/dec/M92C4872.html (564 words)

	AIDS virus study reveals familiar loop: 1/99
		To look at HIV's RNA, the researchers used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a method that reveals the structure of biological molecules like proteins and RNA by creating a magnetic field around the molecule of interest and recording how the atoms inside quiver in response.
		Focusing on a section of HIV's RNA genome that triggers the virus within human cells, the Puglisi team encountered a loop structure that mimics the loops of human transfer RNA molecules.
		The authors surmise that by adopting the shape of a transfer RNA molecule, the viral RNA may enhance its ability to bind to human RNA.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/news/report/news/1999/january6/aids16.html (492 words)

	Translation, Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Transfer RNA molecules are also constructed from DNA templates in the nucleus.
		Transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes where they can be linked together in the proper sequence to form polypeptides.
		Transfer RNA molecules bind to the correct spot on the ribosomal surface.
	www.kbcc.cuny.edu /propre/Biology/Bio33/TranslationPart2.html (2521 words)

	Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
		The latter was the transfer postulated by Gamow, from (double stranded) DNA to protein, though by that time his particular theory had been disproved.
		The transfer protein --> RNA (and the analogous protein --> DNA) would have required (back) translation, that is the transfer from one alphabet to a structurally quite different one.
		Because these were all the possible transfers from protein, the central dogma could be stated in the form "once (sequential) information has passed into protein it cannot get out again" [4].
	www.euchromatin.org /Crick01.htm (1922 words)

	SWBIC - Module 7: RNA Structure, Ribosomal and Transfer RNA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Secondary structures of RNA: RNA is single-stranded in its native state.
		Ribosomal RNA: A compilation of ribosomal RNA's (rRNA) from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms can be found at the lsu rRNA Database (large sub units) and the ssu rRNA Database (small sub units).
		RNA Genie: This program locates novel RNA genes based on the premise that all stable, functional RNAs share common structural elements and that sequences corresponding to these elements would occur preferentially in RNA genes.
	www.swbic.org /education/comp-bio/rna.htm (251 words)

	DNA to RNA to Protein
		Transcription is the synthesis of a molecule of RNA that is complementary in nucleotide sequence to one side (the transcribed or template side) of a section of the DNA double helix (that would be an allele for a specific trait).
		Transfer RNA (tRNA) is small and has a very specific secondary and tertiary structure such that it can bind an amino acid at one end and mRNA at the other.
		RNA transcript of the beta-globin gene and corresponding amino acid sequence, from the University of Virginia
	www.life.uiuc.edu /bio100/lectures/f03lects/14f03-dnatoprot.html (1455 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Transfer RNA also enters the cytoplasm where it picks up amino acids to carry or "transfer" them to their correct position in the protein.
		But a transfer RNA molecule is not specifically made for one protein.
		Another transfer RNA is brought in and its amino acid is attached, usinag a peptide bond, to the first amino acid.
	projects.edtech.sandi.net /miramesa/DNAproject/detailprosyn.html (744 words)

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