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Topic: Transit of Earth from Mars

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Transit of Earth from Jupiter

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Transit of Earth from Saturn

Transit of Phobos from Mars

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	Transit of Earth from Mars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A transit of Earth across the Sun as seen from Mars takes place when the planet Earth passes directly between the Sun and Mars, obscuring a small part of the Sun's disc for an observer on Mars.
		Transits of Earth from Mars follow a 284-year cycle, occurring at intervals of 100.5, 79, 25.5, 79 years in either May or November.
		This cycle corresponds fairly closely to 151 Mars orbits, 284 Earth orbits, and 133 synodic periods, and is analogous to the cycle of transits of Venus from Earth, which follow a cycle of 243 years (121.5, 8, 105.5, 8).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transit_of_Earth_from_Mars (536 words)

	Flying to Mars - May 2000
		Mars is a long way from Earth, between 56 million and 400 million kilometers, depending on the phase of the orbits of Earth and Mars.
		The time in transit between Earth and Mars should be relatively short, to reduce the crew’s solar radiation exposure (on both Earth and Mars, the atmosphere provides significant shielding from radiation).
		The transit time to Mars is reduced to six months, with a two-year free-return to Earth in case the Mars landing is aborted due to serious problems.
	chapters.marssociety.org /youth/mc/issue4/flying.php3 (337 words)

	Sun-Earth Day 2004 Venus Transit
		Pluto is a bit of an outlier, and generally considered a KBO or Kuiper Belt Object or TNO (Trans-Neptunian Object), referring to its probable origins outside the orbit of Neptune in a region where comets are thought to form.
		Unlike the inner planets, they are composed primarily of very light gasses dominated by molecular hydrogen (H2) and helium (He), with rich mixtures of a variety of hydrocarbon and nitrile molecules such as methane and ammonia.
		Focusing now just on Earth and its closest neighbors, we can compare just the three terrestrial planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars, and we find that, although they have many things in common as we just mentioned, they are also worlds apart in many equally important respects.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /sunearthday/2004/vt_planetary_2004.htm (519 words)

	[No title]
		Launch and Cruise to Mars Mars Observer is scheduled for launch aboard a Titan III rocket in late September from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. The beginning of the launch opportunity is Sept.
		The Mars orbit insertion phase is the transition from the interplanetary cruise phase to the mapping orbit.
		Mars Observer Laser Altimeter (MOLA) The Mars Observer Laser Altimeter uses a very short pulse of laser light to measure the distance from the spacecraft to the surface with a precision of several meters.
	www.planetary.brown.edu /planetary/text/MO_presskit.txt (5412 words)

	Interplanetary rapid transit system
		Earth and Mars Shuttles transport crews to and from orbital space stations and planetary surfaces.
		Astrotels orbit the Sun in cyclic orbits between Earth and Mars and Taxis fly hyperbolic planetary trajectories between Astrotel and Spaceport rendezvous.
		Robotic explorers have been used on Earth in a variety of environments and for short-term exploration on Mars and are a natural adjunct to human operations.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-06/gac-irt061002.php (466 words)

	Investigation of a Phobos Sample Return Mission - Matthew Bamsey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Mars Odyssey 60 rpm) and allowing for the thrust vector to be oriented correctly throughout the burn.
		These burns performed during the transit from Earth to Mars are carried out to ensure the spacecraft arrives at Mars in the proper position and with the proper velocity.
		Also launch vehicles used for Mars missions are intentionally aimed away from Mars by approximately 50,000 km to ensure a low probability of the upper stage impacting the planet [9].
	ccar.colorado.edu /asen5050/projects/projects_2004/bamsey (4808 words)

	n-o-n--f-i-c-t-i-o-n
		The concept of using the momentum transfer of a photon to propel a spacecraft dates back to the beginning of the 20th century (Tsander 1924), while detailed analysis using a solar-based lightsail concept was later proposed by Garwin (1958) and by Tsu (1959).
		However, in reality, the craft would never even reach Mars, since the DV requirement between Earth and Mars orbit is approximately 3 km/sec, a velocity far in excess of what the lightsail craft of this mass and size could attain with a 1 GW laser.
		Under this velocity the lightsail will transit the 100 million km to Mars in 96 days at which time a 10-hour laser deaccleration will be executed from the Mars-based laser to capture the lightsail.
	www.rametzger.com /nonfic-mblbs.htm (2793 words)

	News - The Mars Society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Put another way, by going to Mars we have a chance to find out whether life as we know it on Earth is the pattern for all life everywhere, or whether we are just one particular example of a much vaster and more interesting tapestry.
		According to the high-power NEP rope-sellers, manned Mars exploration won’t be possible using today’s rocket technology, because the six-month transit to Mars would expose the crews to lethal doses of radiation.
		Robert Zubrin, an astronautical engineer, is president of the Mars Society (www.marssociety.org) and the author of The Case for Mars (1996), Entering Space (1999), and Mars on Earth (2003).
	www.marssociety.org /news/2004/0504.asp (1320 words)

	NASA sketches out plan to revive Mars project
		The investigation blamed the losses of the Mars Polar Lander and the Mars Climate Orbiter on a range of lapses at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and the agency's Washington, D.C., headquarters.
		Communication between the Earth and the Polar Lander was lost Dec. 3 as the probe prepared for a high-speed descent to the Martian surface.
		The errors were traced to a mix-up between NASA and its contractor, Lockheed Martin, over the use of English and metric units of force to calculate dozens of smaller maneuvers as the probe made its transit from the Earth to Mars.
	www.chron.com /cgi-bin/auth/story.mpl/content/interactive/space/news/2000/20000621.html (498 words)

	Space Weather on Mars :: Mars Astrobiology Magazine :: Search for Life on Mars
		Unlike Earth, which sits inside a protective magnetic bubble called the magnetosphere, Mars does not have a global magnetic field to shield it from solar flares and cosmic rays.
		MARIE, the Mars Radiation Environment Experiment, blasted off April 7th with the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft.
		Mars' thin atmosphere does little to protect the planet from energetic protons.
	mars.astrobio.net /news/article36.html (880 words)

	HoustonChronicle.com - First photos arrive from Mars
		Following a near seven-month journey from the Earth, Spirit bounded onto the planet's surface on Saturday at 10:35 p.m., CST, coming to rest in a near 100-mile wide crater that may have been filled with life-sustaining water in an earlier era.
		Though Spirit was still mechanically crouched in its Earth to Mars transit configuration, the machine appeared to be in good shape.
		Spirit's twin spacecraft, Opportunity, is nearing Mars and on course to land late on Jan. 24.
	www.chron.com /cs/CDA/ssistory.mpl/space/2335108 (447 words)

	Bob Gardner's "Mar's, Here We Come!" Talk, Section 10
		This segment of the mission is composed of the time spent by the crew in transit between Earth and Mars.
		The astronauts will be under the influence of a gravitational field that is 1/3 that of the Earth's and will have some protection from the radiation hazards of space in the form of the Martian atmosphere and the presence of the planet itself.
		The ERV is composed of a propulsive stage, a transit module, and an Earth entry capsule (EEC).
	www.etsu.edu /physics/etsuobs/starprty/032099bg/sec10.htm (941 words)

	SPACE.com -- Mars Rovers See Earth, Moons and Stars
		Mars' rotation is different than Earth's rotation, so the trails of the stars are not what Earth-based observers would see here at home.
		The Spirit rover on Mars took the first picture of Earth ever made from the surface of another planet.
		Lemmon said the other nine spacecraft currently orbiting Mars -- three of which are presently in working order -- have known positions and did not create the streak.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/mars_earth_040311.html (1068 words)

	S.P.Korolev RSC Energia - MARTIAN MISSION
		The elements of the vehicle are first delivered to low Earth orbit where they are assembled into a single vehicle.
		When it is near Mars, the vehicle decelerates and goes into a low Mars orbit.
		The key decision, which drives both the vehicle configuration and all the subsequent decisions, is the choice of the propulsion system for the interplanetary transit.
	www.energia.ru /english/energia/mars/concept.html (590 words)

	SPACE.com -- Naked to Space Weather, Mars to Get Radiation Monitor
		Unlike Earth, Mars has no global magnetic field to shield it from solar flares and cosmic rays.
		The Red Planet is substantially exposed to the harshest elements of space weather.
		After that, the solar wind gradually eroded the martian atmosphere until, today, it is less than 1 percent as thick as Earth's.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/missions/mars_hazards_010503.html (955 words)

	Sun-Earth Day 2004 Venus Transit
		The Venus Transit Animation begins at the surface of Venus where heat ripples distort the scene in a shimmering heat bath.
		The Reanimating the 1882 Transit of Venus Article will explain astronomer David Peck Todd's observation of the Transit of Venus in 1882.
		Comparisons of Venus with Earth and Mars, calculations of the distances to nearby stars, and the use of transits to identify extra-solar planets will all add to the excitement of this cosmic occurrence.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /sunearthday/2004/index_vthome.htm (535 words)

	United Press International - Science & Technology (no pub) - Group pushes Earth-Mars transit system (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind., Feb. 5 (UPI) -- Parked in perpetual orbit between Earth and Mars, a futuristic space transit system pioneered by Apollo astronaut Buzz Aldrin is among the proposals NASA will be considering for an advanced concepts study grant.
		The team primarily is focused on identifying and developing the trajectories that would keep a spaceship traveling between Earth and Mars with little more than slight steering tweaks to stay on course.
		Passengers and supplies would be ferried from Earth or Mars to the cyclers by reusable small spacecraft.
	www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=05022002-060458-5541r (733 words)

	SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
		A solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole might reach Earth on Oct. 23rd or 24th.
		A dust storm is brewing on Mars and it's big enough to see through backyard telescopes.
		Dust storms are an important form of weather on Mars.
	spaceweather.com (682 words)

	[No title]
		A little Google searching found answers at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_of_Earth_from_Mars The last one was in 1984, with the next one due in November of 2084.
		It also occurred to me to think about what significance, if any, colonists on Mars would give to transits of Earth.
		In the first case they may not consider transits of Earth worth noting except for possible scientific value to astronomers, while in the latter cases a transit of Earth could be an occasion for a major religious observance.
	www.well.com /~bubbles/SS0116.txt (2051 words)

	Venus Transit Casts Earth Shadow
		Using data from NASA's SORCE satellite, scientists noticed that, when Venus came between the Earth and the sun on June 8, the other planet reduced the amount of sunlight reaching Earth by 0.1 percent.
		This Venus transit occurs when, from an earthly perspective, Venus crosses in front of the sun.
		"Because of its distance from Earth, Venus appeared to be about the size of a sunspot," said Gary Rottman, SORCE Principal Investigator and a scientist at the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/solarscience-04u.html (756 words)

	AAS Mars Book List
		Propulsion for Rapid Transit Between Earth and Mars (AAS 90-201) (Abstract), H. Froning and Dr. Franklin B. Mead, Jr.
		These volumes provide a blueprint for manned missions to Mars and a continued presence on the planet's surface, including what technology is required, and what kinds of precursor missions and experiments are needed for this undertaking.
		The Case for Mars II expands upon the efforts begun in Case for Mars I to demonstrate that human missions to Mars are feasible with current technology.
	spot.colorado.edu /~marscase/cfm/cfmaas.html (7498 words)

	marspubs
		This volume provides a blueprint for manned missions to Mars and a continued presence on the planet’s surface, including what technology is required, and what kinds of precursor missions and experiments are required for this undertaking.
		These volumes provide a blueprint for manned missions to Mars and a continued presence on the planet’s surface, including what technology is required, and what kinds of precursor missions and experiments are required for this undertaking.
		Included are six chapters on making the case for Mars, six chapters on getting to Mars: interplanetary transportation issues, four chapters on living in space: the human element, five chapters on living and working on Mars, two chapters on science on Mars and two chapters on costs and benefits of Mars exploration.
	www.univelt.com /marspubs.html (8012 words)

	MABFAN's Musings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The rover is obviously the one from the Mars Pathfinder mission.
		A transit takes place when a planet passes directly between the Sun and an observer, as happened with the planet Venus for those of us on Earth on June 8, 2004.
		No one has ever seen a transit of Earth from Mars, but in 1971 Arthur C. Clarke published a science fiction story called "Transit of Earth," in which a doomed astronaut on Mars does in fact observe the 1984 transit.
	aweed.com /050517/1116344521.html (6442 words)

	Terry Mosely's Bulletins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		I'm glad to say that Dr David Asher at Armagh Observatory has confirmed that my SkyMap's calculation of the local circumstances of the 2117 transit showing that that transit will NOT be visible at all from Ireland are correct.
		The geocentric mid-time of that transit is 16h 01m 46s, with a duration of 05h 50m.
		I'm grateful to Mario di Maggio for the following: If astronauts were to stand on Mars in November 2084 they could catch a transit of Earth, and see their home planet cross the face of the Sun!
	star.arm.ac.uk /nibulletin/2004-Jun-6a.html (473 words)

	Bob Gardner's "Mars: A Century of Exploration" Planetarium Show, A Crewed Mission to Mars
		Approximately every 26 months, Mars and Earth are at their closest together.
		Soon after landing, the crew will position the crew and laboratory modules next to one another and the two modules will be connected.
		The MAV is a single stage launch vehicle that is designed for the short flight from the surface to the orbiting Earth return vehicle (ERV).
	www.etsu.edu /physics/plntrm/mars/mission.htm (934 words)

	Global Aerospace Corporation - Intreplanetary Rapid Transit System Proposed
		ALTADENA, CA -Human Mars exploration becomes a much closer reality with the establishment of near-Earth gateways to the Moon and Mars.
		Global Aerospace Corporation (GAC) announced today that on June 12, 2002 it will be reporting on the development of its concept for an interplanetary rapid transit system between Earth and Mars at the Annual Meeting of the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC).
		Work at CSM has included evaluation of excavation and extraction systems for the production of water, oxygen, and hydrogen, and the building of simple prototypes of some of these systems.
	www.gaerospace.com /press-releases/jun2002.html (494 words)

	Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: The Mission
		The cruise phase of the mission begins once the orbiter is in a safe and stable configuration after launch and ends with the approach, two months prior to Mars orbit insertion.
		The transit time from Earth to Mars for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter will last about seven months.
		The cruise trajectory will deliver the orbiter to Mars on a southern approach trajectory.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /mro/mission/tl_cruise.html (92 words)

	Space Weather on Mars \| Mars Today - Your Daily Source of Mars News
		Future human explorers of Mars can leave their umbrellas back on Earth, but perhaps they shouldn't forget their Geiger counters!
		Mars TV - Mars Today - Jupiter Today - Saturn Today - Space Elevator - Space Wire - Nano2Sol
		The Whole Mars Catalog at MarsToday.com Copyright © 1999-2005 SpaceRef Interactive Inc. All rights reserved.
	www.marstoday.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=4703 (886 words)

	Space Weather on Mars
		: Explorers on Mars won't want to stay inside all the time.
		-- The Mars Radiation Environment Experiment is designed to characterize aspects of the radiation environment both on the way to Mars and in the Martian orbit.
		: Deinococcus radiodurans beats most of the constraints for survival of life on Mars - radiation, cold, vacuum, dormancy, oxidative damage, and other factors.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast01may_1.htm (1165 words)

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