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Topic: Transit of Venus, 2004

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Transit of Venus

Tuen Mun

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	The 2004 Transit of Venus
		Venus Transit 2004 is a large and detailed site produced by the European Southern Observatory, the European Association for Astronomy Education and the Paris Observatory.
		Transit of Venus: voyages in time and space is an extensive New Zealand website produced with the support of the Government and other institutions and groups.
		Transit of Venus - University of Central Lancashire.
	outreach.atnf.csiro.au /events/transit.html (936 words)

	Transits of Mercury and Venus (Fact Sheet)
		The planets Mercury and Venus are the only two planets to transit the Sun, when viewed from the Earth, with the latter, the transits of Venus, occurring in pairs that are more than 100 years apart.
		Transits of Mercury and Venus appear as small dark spots against the disc of the Sun instead of covering the whole disc, as the Moon does in an eclipse.
		The last pair of transits of Venus occurred in 1874 and 1882
	www.transit.csiro.au (385 words)

	The Transit of Venus, 2004 JUNE 8
		Transits of Mercury are much more common than those of Venus, since Mercury orbits the Sun at a much faster rate.
		Transits of Venus generally occur in pairs about eight years apart and can only occur in early June or early December.
		Century Venus transits was the "Transit of Venus March", composed by none other than the legendary leader of the U.S. Marine Band, John Philip Sousa.
	www.usno.navy.mil /pao/ToV040608.shtml (1129 words)

	NASA - Predictions for the 2004 Transit of Venus
		A transit of Venus across the disk of the Sun is among the rarest of planetary alignments.
		During the 2004 transit, Venus's minimum separation from the Sun is 627 arc-seconds.
		The 2004 transit of Venus may be of use in developing and testing new techniques and strategies for the detection and characterization of other extra-solar planets.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/transit/TV2004.html (2215 words)

	Orpington AS - Transit of Venus
		A transit of Venus is like a solar eclipse, but instead of the Moon being in line between the Earth and Sun it is the planet Venus.
		Venus, on the other hand, looks very much smaller from Earth and so you would have to be specifically observing the Sun to see the small disc of Venus passing across its disk.
		Venus appears very small (Venus is only about 58'' - the Sun is about 1890'') as seen from Earth, so as it passes across the Sun, it will be just big enough to be seen without any magnification with the unaided eye through a solar filter.
	www.chocky.demon.co.uk /oas/venus.html (2722 words)

	Observing the 2004 Transit of Venus
		Webcast "explores the role of past transits in the history of astronomy and how the Venus Transit was used to calculate the distance from the Earth to the Sun, called the Astronomical Unit.
		Compute the times when Venus contacts the edge of the sun for the 2004 transit of Venus; local circumstances are shown for any given latitude and longitude; from Franco Martinelli and the Istituto Tecnico Nautico "Artiglio" at Viareggio, Italy.
		Trying to predict where the International Space Station (ISS) will be during the transit of Venus, and the possibility of seeing ISS transit the sun concurrently with Venus; from Thomas Fly.
	www.transitofvenus.org /obs2004.htm (1157 words)

	KryssTal : Transit of Venus
		Transits of Mercury occur about 13 times per century and are not visible with the naked eye.
		The Transit of Venus a month later was not visible in Eurasia and was not recorded.
		Edmund Halley (of comet fame) published a paper that described the use of a Transit of Venus to determine the distance to the planet and thence to the Sun.
	www.krysstal.com /transit2004.html (1632 words)

	index
		Transits of Venus across the solar disk are rare events; only seven have taken place since the beginning of the 17th century.
		October 29, 2004 : The full report on the determination of the distance from the Earth to the Sun (the Astronomical Unit) by means of observations of the Venus Transit on June 8, 2004, by more than 2500 groups of observers participating in the VT-2004 Observing Campaign, will appear here on Tuesday, November 2, 2004.
		September 28, 2004 : Please note that because of the work on the Final Report about the VT-2004 programme, photos related to Venus and the transit event cannot be accepted for inclusion into the VT-2004 Photo Archive after October 15, 2004.
	www.vt-2004.org (1127 words)

	Hanwell Community Observatory \| Transit of Venus 2004
		Venus appears as a dark spot toward the bottom limb of the Sun in the projected image.
		In one or two recent advertisements for solar filters the misleading claim is made that this June's transit of Venus is the first in history to be observable in hydrogen alpha.
		Venus in the daylight sky just 5.0 days after the transit: 4" refractor x 100, 13.6.04 09h.00, elongation 7°, phase 1.7% ; the crescent is only 1 arcsec.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /hanwellobservatory/venus_transit_2004.htm (642 words)

	Transit of Venus: June 8th, 2004
		The sharpness of the limbs of Venus and the Sun appears basically limited by the boiling of the atmosphere during the 1/320 second exposure time for this frame and the pixel size of the sensor given the modest size of the Sun in the full frame.
		Venus also a takes a few jumps toward the end; these resulted when the image of the Sun went out of the camcorder's field of view while I was fiddling with the telescope and eyepieces getting ready for third contact and emergence.
		The 2012 transit is visible in full for most of the Pacific Ocean, Australia, east Asia, and Alaska, but is visible in part (the Sun sets before the transit ends or rises while it's already in progress) for most of the inhabited portion of the Earth.
	www.fourmilab.ch /images/venus_transit_2004 (5959 words)

	Amazon.com: June 8, 2004--Venus in Transit: Books: Eli Maor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Data regarding the transit of Venus were considered to be extremely important and thus the subject of international intrigue, treaties, and cooperation (even during times of war).
		The author tells the story of the pursuit of transits of Venus by scientists whose aim was to establish a precision measurement of the distance between the Earth and the Sun.
		Alas, Venus transits proved not to be the answer to the scale of the solar system (exact timing of transit events proved unreliable due to Venus's thick atmosphere), but the stories of the explorers who traveled to the corners of the earth in 1761, 1769, 1874 and 1882 are worth the price of the book.
	www.amazon.com /June-2004-Venus-Transit-Eli-Maor/dp/0691048746 (3060 words)

	James Cook and the Transit of Venus
		Cook and Green also observed the "fl drop effect." When Venus is near the limb of the sun--the critical moment for transit timing--the fl of space beyond the Sun's limb seems to reach in and touch the planet.
		On June 8, 2004, Venus is due to cross the face of the Sun again.
		Transit Timing Measurements of James Cook and Charles Green -- from The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from their Commencement, in 1665, to the Year 1800; abridged, with Notes and Biographic Illustrations.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2004/28may_cook.htm (1923 words)

	Transit of Venus June 8, 2004
		The Venus Transit was a magnificent sight in the sky during the first part of June 8.
		The historic transit of Venus on June 8, 2004 will be celebrated with a major event in one of the most beautiful parks in Europe.
		Transits of Venus were used to find the dimensions of the Universe.
	www.astronomy.no /venus080604.html (757 words)

	NASA - Venus Transit: A Celestial Rarity
		The last "Venus transit" occurred more than a century ago, in 1882, and was used to compute the distance from the Earth to the Sun.
		The Venus transit was visible over about 75 percent of the Earth, and ended at sunrise over central and eastern North America.
		During the 19th century, Venus transits were essential for astronomers to fathom the scale of the heavens, because they were used to give a relatively accurate distance from the Earth to the Sun.
	www.nasa.gov /vision/universe/watchtheskies/venus_transit.html (820 words)

	Venus Transit 2004
		During the transit, Venus was visible in many short bursts and there was frantic shouts and exclamations of success in viewing this rare astronomical event before the clouds rolled in again.
		The last incomplete transit of Venus, when part of its path across the Sun could be observed, occurred in 1882.
		This could be found by timing the transit of Venus from several places on the Earth and using the parallax effect with trigonometry to find the distance to the Sun.
	www.eaas.co.uk /news/20040608_venustransit.html (1151 words)

	Transit of Venus 2004
		On the 8th of June 2004, will be seen a historic transit of the planet Venus, across the face of the Sun.
		Venus transits are very rare; the last this happened was in the year 1882.
		It was also on Indian soil, at Muddapur, that an Italian expedition, during the 1874 transit of Venus, for the first time, made spectroscopic measurements confirming the existence of an atmosphere on Venus.
	rathnasree.htmlplanet.com /transit.htm (396 words)

	A Transit Of Venus
		The silhouette belongs to the planet Venus, and it will make its solar transit, as the phenomenon is called, for the first time in more than 120 years -- long enough ago that no one now alive witnessed the previous event in 1882.
		In the years since the first Venusian transit was recorded -- in 1639 by two Englishmen, Jeremiah Horrocks, who died two years later at age 22, and William Crabtree -- only four more transits have occurred, but much has been learned about the second planet from the sun.
		Venus, at about 30 million miles (50 million kilometers) away, offers an opportunity to mask the sunlight with much greater sharpness.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/venus-04g.html (1081 words)

	SPACE.com -- Transit Headquarters: Venus Crosses the Sun June 8
		Venus' fl disk will appear to remain linked to the edge of the Sun for a moment, stretching into an apparent pear shape.
		Some astronomers are interested in the transit as a way to hone skills for using the related celestial alignments for detecting planets passing in front of other stars and probing the atmospheres of those planets.
		Venus and Earth are similar in size, mass and composition.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/venus_transit_2004.html (1247 words)

	Venus Transit 2004
		Transits of Venus across the disk of the Sun are among the rarest of planetary alignments.
		The transit of Venus is perhaps best viewed directly when magnified, which demands an appropriate solar filter over the large end of the telescope.
		The 1882 Transit of Venus: Observations from Wellington, South Africa.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/venus/transit.html (1846 words)

	Scott's Astronomy Page - Venus Transit 2004 Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The equipment I used to take these images of the transit included a 90mm Meade ETX telescope, a Canon PowerShot S50 digital camera and an Orion full-apeture glass solar filter.
		Transits of Venus across the face of the Sun are among the rarest of planetary alignments.
		After that you'll have to wait another 105 years for the next Venus transit to occur on December 11, 2117.
	home.comcast.net /~psmcd/VT2004.html (271 words)

	All about Venus Express and Venus - VENUS2004.ORG
		Tuesday, the 8th of June 2004, the planet Venus passed in front of the sun.
		Pics of the transit of Venus 8 June 2004 !
		Venus elongation measurements for the Transit of Venus
	www.venus2004.org /en (170 words)

	NSO/GONG: Venus Transit 2004
		The actual postion of Venus against the solar disk varies with the observer's location on Earth, hence the value of such observations to early astronomers trying to gauge the size of the solar system.
		Russell, from the Introduction of "Observations of the Transit of Venus, 9 December 1874; Made at Stations in New South Wales", published in Sydney, Australia in 1892.
		Observing, Photographing and Evaluating the Transit of Venus, an international collaborative project between schools, amateur astronomers and universities.
	gong.nso.edu /venus2004 (234 words)

	2004 Transit of Venus
		Given that the last transit of Venus took place in 1882, it is sobering to think that there is no one on the planet who has seen one these events before!
		The entire transit can be seen from Asia except the extreme eastern part, Africa except the western parts, Europe except the south-western tip of the Iberian Peninsula, Greenland except the southern tip and most of the Indian Ocean.
		During the transit, the diameter of the Sun is 1890.8 arcseconds and that of Venus is 57.8 arcseconds.
	www.nao.rl.ac.uk /nao/transit/V_2004 (717 words)

	Sun-Earth Day 2004 Venus Transit
		On June 8th, 2004 a celestial event of historical scientific importance will occur when the silhouette of the planet Venus once again crosses the face of the Sun as seen from the Earth.
		The Venus Transit Animation begins at the surface of Venus where heat ripples distort the scene in a shimmering heat bath.
		Comparisons of Venus with Earth and Mars, calculations of the distances to nearby stars, and the use of transits to identify extra-solar planets will all add to the excitement of this cosmic occurrence.
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /sunearthday/2004/index_vthome.htm (535 words)

	2003 Mercury Transit - Venus Transit 2004 Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Only the two inner planets in our solar system, Mercury and Venus, can be seen from the earth as they pass in front of the sun.
		A transit does not necessarily take place whenever Mercury or Venus are positioned between the earth and the sun,
		Venus transit of 1761, however, were not satisfactory.
	www.vtransit.com /vt/mercury/patrick.asp (1042 words)

	Venus Transit: movie of live webcast and images of key events
		Transit Movie: All transit images were stored and have been used to construct an MPEG movie of the entire transit - this has been available for download here for the past 6 months but owing to the size (10Mb) it has now been removed.
		Willing Webcam was used to capture the image sequences, time stamp them, upload them to the server, and create an archive of all images on the local hard disk.
		The equipment needed to be moved to a remote part of the garden to gain visibility of the complete transit sequence, from 1st Contact to 4th Contact - click here to see a picture of the equipment setup.
	www.astrocruise.com /venus_transit/transit.htm (436 words)

	Passage de Vénus 2004 / Venus transit 2004
		The transit of Venus in front of the Sun on June 8, 2004, provided the opportunity to promote an international project with an educational purpose: the measurement of the solar system through the observation of this rare event: the transit of Venus.
		ESO (European Southern Observatory), EAAE (European Association for Astronomy in Education), the observatoire de Paris, the Institut de mécanique céleste (IMCCE) and the Astronomical Institute of Prague-Ondrejov are associated to coordinate this european project.
		The program was a success and continues until the next transit of Venus in front of the Sun, on June 5-5, 2012.
	www.imcce.fr /vt2004 (283 words)

	The Transits of Venus
		One of these is the transit of Venus on June 8, 2004.
		On this day half our globe will be able to watch the tiny fl dot of the planet Venus moving across the disc of the sun.
		The previous transit of Venus occurred on December 6, 1882 -
	www.venus-transit.de (208 words)

	Venus Transit 2004
		A faint ring of light (aureole) can be seen surronding the dark part of Venus, evidence that Venus has an atmosphere.
		Figure 9--12: The ring of light has all but disappeared after Venus is half way out.
		Kavan Ratnatunga, an astronomy professor at Carnegie Mellon university, traveled to Egypt for the transit and has this interesting story.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~zhuxj/astro/html/venustransit04.html (354 words)

	Transit of Venus 2004
		Next transit of Venus will be observed in 2012.
		The party will be started with transit of Venus, with observation of transit.
		After successful live broadcasting of transit of Mercury (May 7, 2003), now we are ready for transit of Venus 2004.
	www.hrcglobal.net /phoenix/phoenix_venusransit2004_about.asp (415 words)

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