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Topic: Transitional Programme

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	Trotsky: The Transitional Programme. The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International
		Transitional demands advocated by Marxists are always met with howls of opposition from the right wing of the labour movement and much of the left.
		If the transitional programme is a bridge from today's level of consciousness to the prospect of changing society the most important step on that bridge is the first one.
		Transitional demands link the two together, starting from today's solutions and pointing to a future where society is run by working-class people to meet the needs of all.
	www.marxist.net /trotsky/programme/intro.htm (1280 words)

	Workers Power Global \| Europe
		This programme was characterised by the rigid separation of the minimum demands (economic or political reforms achievable within the framework of capitalism) and the maximum goal of socialism.
		This programme and theory was fashioned by the conservative bureaucracy of the USSR in the 1920s during the period of its political counter-revolution against the working class.
		This variation of the minimum-maximum programme, even in its most "left" form which argues that the implementation of the democratic stage cannot be left to the bourgeoisie but must be led by the proletariat, is a noose around the neck of the proletariat and the oppressed.
	www.fifthinternational.org /LFIfiles/TMintrod.html (1935 words)

	Danish Transitional Assistance, Volume 1, Synthesis Report - 4. PROGRAMME CONCEPT
		While the concentration on 20 programme countries was aimed at strengthening the impact and efficiency of bilateral aid, there was also a concern that the concentration would reduce flexibility to provide quick and short responses to political and economic situations in countries which were not programme countries.
		Transitional assistance could be regarded as one way to provide Danida with a flexible tool to assist such countries for a shorter period of time.
		The transitional process itself may not be quickly overcome in a given country, and it may take years to recover from the rule of a previous regime or from a situation of internal warfare.
	www.um.dk /Publikationer/Danida/English/Evaluations/DanishTransitionalAssistanceVol1SynthesisReport/1996-7-1.8.asp (1459 words)

	Price: Transitional Programme in perspective - WA
		A programme which does not genuinely serve as a bridge from the consciousness of workers today to the maximum programme of the socialist revolution, and which instead seeks to batter workers into submission with an endless list of demands outside of space and time, ceases to have any agitational character.
		This transitional approach was a radical departure from the politics of the Second International, which took as its model the programme drafted by Karl Kautsky and adopted by the SPD at its Erfurt congress in 1891.
		To redevelop a transitional programme for today is an international task, and one not easily accomplished by thinly spread groups of revolutionaries with little experience of leading masses in struggle, and in a non-revolutionary period.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/transprog/wa01.htm (2977 words)

	Tolerance . Seminar 2000 . ECMI Panel . Details
		A transitional programme is a programme where linguistic minority children with a low-status mother tongue are initially instructed through the medium of their mother tongue for a few years.
		An immersion programme is a programme where linguistic majority children with a high-status mother tongue voluntarily choose (among existing alternatives) to be instructed through the medium of a foreign (minority) language.
		A maintenance programme or language shelter programme is a programme where linguistic minority children with a low-status mother tongue voluntary choose (among existing alternatives) to be instructed through the medium of their own mother tongue.
	www.tolerance.cz /english/sem2000/ecmi04.htm (7896 words)

	Welcome to Adobe GoLive 6
		It was a programme that served as a bridge between the immediate aims and the revolutionary tasks of the workers.
		The programme called for the key branches of industry and the banks to be expropriated, taken out of the hands of private capitalists and put under the control of the state.
		Finally, the Transitional Programme turned resolutely to those layers of the working class ignored by the opportunists, who by nature concentrate only on the top layers of the working class where new careerists and officials can be found.
	www.fifthinternational.org /LFIfiles/LDTch9.html (2924 words)

	Fourth International - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When founded, in 1938, the Fourth International adopted the Transitional Programme for Socialist Revolution as its central programmatic statement, summarising its strategic and tactical conceptions for the revolutionary period that they saw opening up as a result of the war which Trotsky had been predicting for some years.
		The Transitional Programme is not, however, the definitive programme of the Fourth International — as is often suggested — but instead contains a summation of the conjunctural understanding of the movement at that date and a series of transitional policies designed to develop the struggle for workers' power.
		In this it builds on the positions and methods of the earlier Communist International and, as argued by Trotsky, the Transitional Programme is best seen as supplementing the traditional programmatic understanding of the movement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fourth_International (3466 words)

	In Defence of Marxism - Chávez recommends the study of Trotsky, praises The Transitional Programme
		In his weekly TV programme Aló Presidente, broadcast on Sunday April 22 from Urachiche in Yaracuy, president Chávez advised all Venezuelans to read and study the writings of Leon Trotsky, and commented favourably on The Transitional Programme, which was written by Trotsky for the founding congress of the Fourth International in 1938.
		As Trotsky explains in the Transitional Programme: "Trade unions are not ends in themselves; they are but means along the road to proletarian revolution.", and he adds "during a period of exceptional upsurges in the labor movement...
		This is precisely what the CMR has been arguing in Venezuela as opposed to those who put at the centre of their programme the question of elections within the UNT.
	www.marxist.com /chavez-transitional-programme.htm (2376 words)

	The Socialist Issue 260
		Transitional demands advocated by Marxists are always met with howls of opposition from the right wing of the labour movement and much of the left.
		If the transitional programme is a bridge from today's level of consciousness to the prospect of changing society the most important step on that bridge is the first one.
		Transitional demands link the two together, starting from today's solutions and pointing to a future where society is run by working-class people to meet the needs of all.
	www.socialistparty.org.uk /TheSocialistIssue260.htm (5837 words)

	Archives (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The main task of the Founding Conference was to adopt the programme `The Death Agony of Capitalism and the Tasks of the Fourth International’, perhaps better known as the Transitional Programme.
		The Transitional Programme takes the struggle from where it is, from the concrete consciousness of the working class today to the conquest of power and socialism.
		Of course, the Transitional Programme, valid in 1938, must be brought up-to-date, to meet the conditions of today and related to the current consciousness of the workers and the oppressed.
	www.isg-fi.org.uk /archives/press/sixty.htm (3310 words)

	THE TRANSITIONAL HOUSING PROGRAMME FOR THE INNER CITY HOMELESS COMMUNITY OF JOHANNESBURG - LONE POULSEN 2000
		Although, the five facilities are all called Transitional Housing they are very different in the way in which they function and manage their facilities; their location in the city; the services and support offered and; the accommodation and living environments which they provide.
		However, the experience of the Transitional Housing programme is that six months is not long enough to get people on their feet and the occupation time frame has been extended to 18 months.
		Transitional Housing is caught in the very delicate dilemma between providing short term accommodation which is better than being on the street and/or other unacceptable living environments; and not being too comfortable to become permanent accommodation.
	www.architectafrica.com /bin0/papers/transhousing2.html (6570 words)

	Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The maximum programme is by definition the property of the party, does not come primarily out of the struggles of the working class, except to the extent it is under the influence of the party.
		Given that, the whole perspective of the Transitional programme tended towards a tailing of spontaneity.
		The broader issue the transitional method raises is the relationship between the party of revolutionaries and the class.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /discussion/awl04.html (4431 words)

	REPORT 0F THE FACT-FINDING MISSION OF THE SECRETARY-GENERAL TO NIGERIA - SUMMARY OF INFORMATION AND VIEWS RECEIVED (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He assured the mission that the programme for transition to civil democratic rule was irreversible, that three years are needed to bring about a multi-party democracy representing all the states in the Federation and that the military leadership had no intention to stay in power beyond October 1998.
		Numerous persons and organizations interviewed by the mission expressed the view that the transition calendar was unnecessarily prolonged and that this constituted a threat to the success of the process, casting doubt on the bona fides of the transition programme.
		On 1 October 1995, the President annbunced plans for the transition and gave details of the timetable leading up to 1 October 1998, which was set as the date for swearing in of the newly elected president and the final disengagement of military rule.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~africa/sources/unreport.html (7660 words)

	The Transitional Programme Reassessed
		If in the first place workers took up the demand for the sliding scale it was because (a) they believed it was achievable at least in part, and (b) either they had no confidence in the possibility of overthrowing capitalism or they were not convinced anyway that there was a viable socialist alternative to it.
		I agree with Bob Pitt’s contention that because the perspectives of terminal collapse and revolutionary situations from which the Transitional Programme and its method flowed did not materialise, it could not be applied as intended during the long post-war period of boom and rising living standards.
		This confirms my argument that so-called "transitional demands" which Trotskyists say cannot be won under capitalism – but the fight for which must always be related to the conquest of power – can in fact be, at least partially, won short of overthrowing capitalism and that they do in practice help workers’ living standards.
	www.whatnextjournal.co.uk /Pages/Back/Wnext12/Ratner.html (2912 words)

	Plant: Thinking about the "Transitional Programme"
		This is not a reason to reject the programme (either specifically the TP or the idea of a programme generally).
		Far worse fates have befallen the successors of the Comintern parties who claim allegiance to the programme of Lenin and in consequence built a machinery of repression against the workers unparalleled in the history of the planet.
		Until this task is undertaken, which renders essential an honest accounting for the October Revolution in all its aspects, and all its consequences, (addressing the question ‘transition to what?’), reworking the programme is a task analogous to that of the interior decorators in the House of Usher.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/transprog/tp04.htm (5344 words)

	A socialist world is possible: History of the cwi
		In the manner of pre-1914 social democracy, the SWP put forward the ‘maximum’ programme — the call for revolution and socialism, “smash the state” — together with the ‘minimum’ programme of day-to-day reforms.
		Trotsky’s series of ‘transitional demands’ were a bridge from the existing level of consciousness of the working class at that stage to the idea of the socialist transformation of society.
		Cliff made his organisation’s view clear: “The basic assumption behind Trotsky’s transitional demands was that the economic crisis was so deep that the struggle for even the smallest improvement in workers’ conditions would bring conflict with the capitalist system itself.
	www.socialistworld.net /publications/history2/p14.html (852 words)

	Developing a programme of transitional care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a postal ...
		Developing a programme of transitional care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a postal survey -- Shaw et al.
		Developing a programme of transitional care for adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results of a postal survey
		Transitional care in the context of JIA is perceived
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/43/2/211 (358 words)

	2003 - Environmental Protection Agency (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The National Environmental Monitoring Programme for Transitional, Coastal and Marine Waters is published as a discussion document by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in association with the Marine Institute and a number of other public bodies.
		To achieve an effective and efficient programme, a tiered monitoring approach is proposed whereby monitoring will be organised according to the particular pressures affecting individual areas and the potential risk if environmental objectives are not met.
		The anticipated outcome of this programme is more relevant, consistent and accessible information that will provide an improved basis for policy formulation and the management of the environment of our tidal waters.
	www.epa.ie /NewsCentre/PressReleaseArchive/2003/MainBody,460,en.html (614 words)

	UNDP Indonesia - Jobs (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The programme is designed to serve as a crucial link between immediate short-term and longer-term recovery and development activities.
		The programme is currently operating in two areas: the urban centre of Banda Aceh, and Meulaboh on the West Coast.
		UNDP is currently up-scaling programme activities in the area of labour intensive rehabilitation and construction and requires a Senior Technical Advisor to provide assistance in further developing and implementing the labour intensive rehabilitation programme.
	www.undp.or.id /jobs/job.asp?JobID=294&Mode=Closed (504 words)

	Hungary
		A political programme is not a programme of work, but a summary of the political experience of a class accumulated in the course of its struggles, the systematisation of its basic principles and its essential aims.
		This is the fundamental point of departure for the Programme of the Fourth International, which thus formulates the main conclusion of the experiences of the last 40 years: `The world political situation as a whole is chiefly characterised by a historical crisis of the leadership of the proletariat'.
		This programme codifies the experiences of the international working class amid the fresh conditions of the degeneration of the Soviet Union and of the Communist parties, of the development, causes and consequences of Stalinism - that is how it was able to formulate the demands of the revolution of 1956 - 20 years before!
	www.revolutionary-history.co.uk /backiss/Vol3/No1/Varga.html (2699 words)

	Platinum Clubhouse - Employment
		Transitional Employment Placements are part-time and time-limited, generally 15 to 20 hours per week and from six to nine months in duration.
		Transitional Employment Placements are managed by Clubhouse staff and members and not by TE specialists.
		Transitional Employment Placements at an auspice agency must be off-site from the Clubhouse and meet all of the above criteria.
	kildare.ie /platinum/employment.htm (329 words)

	UNDP Job Shop (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During this phase, UNDP will implement a programme covering the following areas: human right and the rule of law, transitional justice, public governance and institutional development, public administration & civil service reform, decentralization and local governance, constitutional development and poverty alleviation & employment generation and support to aid and donors coordination.
		Within a longer-term perspective, UNDP will focus on the implementation of a human rights and transitional justice programme for Iraqi institutions with interventions in the areas of promotion of good governance, poverty reduction and environment protection.
		Programmes are designed, and developed with counterparts in Amman and Iraq and implemented throughout Iraq.
	stone.undp.org /undpweb/ohr/ohrjbview.cfm?jaf_uid_c=1646 (788 words)

	40 UN Volunteers join MINUGUA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The UN Volunteers were directly recruited from institutions and organizations related to the peace agenda, with whom agreements were signed in the hope that after their service as UN Volunteers they could be absorbed by the labor force.
		With the implementation of this Transitional Programme, MINUGUA expects to support not only the organizations and institutions that will benefit from the trained personnel in the areas of human rights and peace process.
		Administered by the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Volunteers programme is the UN organization that supports sustainable human development globally through the promotion of volunteerism, including the mobilization of volunteers.
	www.unv.org /infobase/news_releases/2004/04_02_04GUA_min.htm (444 words)

	An analysis of the 1995 Draft Programme of the CPGB
		In reality, the latter certainly belongs to that part of the programme (the maximum) which guides communists after the establishment of the worldwide dictatorship of the proletariat, whereas the former belongs, again, in the transitional programme as its crowing demand.
		Again, they belong in a transitional programme, not in something that purports to be "technically feasible within the confines of present-day capitalism".
		As a generality, it certainly does belong in a "minimum" programme as the achievement of national self-determination in situations of oppression often has the effect of removing a serious obstacle to class struggle, and hence to the struggle for more advanced demands that belong in the transitional programme.
	members.aol.com /RevolutionTruth/cpgbcrit.htm (7003 words)

	ERCIM - Fellowship Programme
		The programme focuses on topics defined by the ERCIM working groups and projects administrated by ERCIM from which you can choose on the Application Form.
		Country of origin shall be defined as the country in which the Fellow is deemed a national, and/or another country designated by EGIDE in the event that the Fellow normally resides in a country other than his country of nationality.
		The fellows are appointed by an agreement for a reasearch training programme with an allowance depending on the country (see table above) and a duration of either eighteen or twelve months.
	www.ercim.org /activity/fellows (1190 words)

	Printable copy - Transitional Programme (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, even those who are less severely affected still need skilled support and rehabilitation in a variety of areas, Domestic skills, mobility, accessing community facilities and educational opportunities can be greatly enhanced by trained input at the right time.
		Using qualified, trained staff and a good deal of 1:1 input, residents spend a period of time with us preparing for the rest of their lives.
		Whether they are going to a residential home, to group living, their own or their family home or to an educational establishment, programmes are designed to meet their individual requirements.
	www.qefd.org /braininjury/transitionalprint.htm (303 words)

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