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Topic: Transitivity of identity

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	Transworld Identity (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		In the discussion of transworld identity in the 1960s and 1970s (when the issue came to prominence as a result of developments in modal logic), it was debated whether the notion of transworld identity is genuinely problematic, or whether, on the contrary, the alleged ‘problem of transworld identity’ is merely a pseudo-problem.
		Although a criterion of identity in the second (metaphysical) sense might supply us with a criterion of identity in the first (epistemological) sense, it seems that something could be a criterion of identity in the second sense even if it is unsuited to play the role of a criterion of identity in the first sense.
		One such argument is Chisholm's Paradox, which relies on the transitivity of identity to produce the result that a series of small changes in the properties of Adam and Noah leads to a world in which Adam and Noah have swapped their roles.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/identity-transworld (8826 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Transitivity of identity
		The transitivity of identity is the logical principle that, if a=b, and b=c, then a=c.
		The transitivity of identity (like rules concerning identity generally) is not always valid in epistemological, modal, or otherwise opaque contexts.
		Identity, they say, is relative: It is possible for objects x and y to be the same F and yet not the same G, (where F and G are predicates representing kinds of things (apples, ships, passengers) rather than merely properties of things (colors, shapes)).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transitivity-of-identity (267 words)

	Transitivity (mathematics)
		A group ''G acts transitively on a set S if for any x, y ∈ S, there is some g ∈ G such that gx = y''.
		A binary relation is transitive if whenever A is related to B and B is related to C, then A is related to C, for all A, B, and C in the domain of the relation.
		On the other hand, "is the mother of" is not a transitive relation, because if Alice is the mother of Brenda, and Brenda is the mother of Claire, then Alice is not the mother of Claire.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Transitivity_(mathematics).html (205 words)

	Expert About tr:Transitivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The transitivity of identity (like rules concerning identity generally) is not always valid in epistemological, modal, or otherwise opaque context s.
		Transitivity (mathematics)In mathematics, the word transitive admits at least two distinct meanings: A group G acts transitively on a set S if for any x y ∈ S there is some g ∈ G such that gx y''.
		Transitivity of identityThe transitivity of identity is the logical principle that, if a b, and b c, then a c.
	www.expertsite.biz /dir/tr/transitivity.htm (1315 words)

	Identity Over Time (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		For an advocate of relative identity denying that the earlier statue is the same statue as the later lump of clay is consistent with allowing that the earlier statue is the same lump of clay as the later lump of clay.
		The charge that the memory criterion conflicts with the transitivity of identity was illustrated by the famous case of the schoolboy, the young lieutenant and the elderly general (Reid 1975).
		Hence, the memory criterion implies, contrary to the transitivity of identity, that, although the elderly general is the same person as the young lieutenant, and the young lieutenant is the same person as the schoolboy, the elderly general is not the same person as the young schoolboy.
	www.seop.leeds.ac.uk /entries/identity-time (12810 words)

	U B U W E B :: Terry Atkinson + Michael Baldwin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The context of identity statements in which collection of men and machines appears as a covering concept is a relativistic one.
		Identity is not simply built into that concept.
		The "sense" of identity is contrasted with the constitutive one.
	www.ubu.com /concept/atkinson_22.html (187 words)

	Bloomsbury.com - Research centre
		So those who hold that personal identity is a matter of bodily continuity hold that personal identity is a matter of the continuity of the brain.
		Suppose that the brain of person A is cut in half and that the result is two people, B and C, both of whom have half a brain each of which is continuous with A's brain.
		Locke argued that personal identity is a not a matter of sameness of immaterial soul, or of bodily continuity, but of memory.
	www.bloomsbury.com /ARC/CrossRef.asp?book=2&ref=Personal%20Identity (465 words)

	Identity Over Time (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		For an advocate of relative identity denying that the earlier statue is the same statue as the later lump of clay is consistent with allowing that the earlier statue is the same lump of clay as the later lump of clay.
		The charge that the memory criterion conflicts with the transitivity of identity was illustrated by the famous case of the schoolboy, the young lieutenant and the elderly general (Reid 1975).
		Hence, the memory criterion implies, contrary to the transitivity of identity, that, although the elderly general is the same person as the young lieutenant, and the young lieutenant is the same person as the schoolboy, the elderly general is not the same person as the young schoolboy.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/identity-time (12823 words)

	Transitivity Of Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Transitivity of identity,atlantic city,nj transit,bus,identity theft,com nj transit,new jersey transit,corporation,chicago transit authority,hilton
		But, ex hypothesi, it is not the whole of me, since I was not F and hence still am not F by transitivity of identity.
		The transitivity of identity, for example, applies without qualification to self-identical momentary selves.
	www.transitivityofidentity.info /info/transitivity-of-identity (418 words)

	Identity, Equivalence and Mutability in REBOL
		is a total relation, that is both symmetric and transitive.
		While the weaker identity language may look like "crippled" in some way, it actually is "fully featured".
		Its identity describes all properties of its values.
	www.fm.vslib.cz /~ladislav/rebol/identity.html (3439 words)

	Dave's Page - Historical Approaches to Personal Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		His criterion of synchronic identity: simultaneous experiences belong to the same person when one experience (perception) is a reflective awareness of the other(s).
		His criterion of diachronic (personal) identity: X at t2 is the same person as Y at t1 iff X is able to have a consciousness (memory) of the experiences of Y and/or Y's reflective awareness of his/her experiences.
		The Transitivity of Identity: if A = B, and B = C, then A = C. Reid says Locke's view implies that someone could be both identical with, and not identical with, a person who performed a particular action, e.g., the Brave Officer Case (or even the Senile General Case).
	www.csun.edu /~ds56723/phil403/hout403locke.htm (370 words)

	[No title]
		Punctualist theories of personal identity most often surface as objections to the Lockean claim that "personal identity consists, not in the identity of substance, but in the identity of consciousness".
		Psychological continuity theories fall afoul of the determinateness of identity because identity is a one to one, all or nothing relation, but cross temporal unity relations between person stages drawn in terms of overlapping chains of psychological connectedness hold to a greater or lesser degree.
		In contrast, the identity of punctualist persons is wholly determinate because the gain or loss of any psychological property is sufficient to generate a distinct momentary self which may or may not be part of a series which can be treated as if it were a persisting person.
	www.manitowoc.uwc.edu /staff/awhite/mb98.htm (2422 words)

	Dave's Page - Personal Identity Notes
		Weirob wants an alternative theory of identity that: (a) provides a means for surviving the death of her body; and (b) does not yield a contradiction or absurdity.
		The transitivity of identity: if A=B, and A=C, then B=C. Cohen now offers a third version of the memory criterion: Memory Criterion #3: X at t1 is the same person as Y at t2 iff: (1) Y seems to remember the thoughts and actions of X; (2) [CONDITION 2 OF MC#2]; and (3) __________________________________.
		Thus, the source of personal identity is not the brain (i.e., it is the body).
	www.csun.edu /~ds56723/phil150/hout150pinotes.htm (836 words)

	Identity Theft - Article Concerning Identity Theft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Preventing identity theft is never foolproof but here are some good tips that will make it more difficult for anyone to steal your personal information.
		The first and most important step for preventing identity theft is keeping a close watch on all of your personal information and your credit report.
		Preventing identity theft means you never give out personal information unless you initiated the contact or you're absolutely sure who you're dealing with.
	www.indentitycorner.com /files/article-concerning-identity-theft.html (610 words)

	Transitivity of identity: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		All the swans in England are property of the Queen.
		The transitivity of identity (like rules concerning identity generally) is not always valid in epistemological or modal contexts.
		Post a link to definition / meaning of " Transitivity of identity " on your site.
	www.encyclopedian.com /tr/Transitivity-of-identity.html (108 words)

	IdentityHashMap (Java 2 Platform SE 5.0)
		On the other hand, iteration over collection views requires time proportional to the number of buckets in the hash table, so it pays not to set the expected maximum size too high if you are especially concerned with iteration performance or memory usage.
		Constructs a new identity hash map containing the keys-value mappings in the specified map.
		Returns a shallow copy of this identity hash map: the keys and values themselves are not cloned.
	java.sun.com /j2se/1.5.0/docs/api/java/util/IdentityHashMap.html (1953 words)

	Logical Pluralism \| Log
		Identity, existence, predication, necessity, and truth are fundamental philosophical concerns.
		To establish their point they give a model (where zero is the only element and identity is the successor function, plus and times defined as per usual) that satisfies each of Dummett's seven given (1977:33-34) axioms for intuitionistic arithmetic except for the first -- viz., (x)~(x=0).
		Different logics are given by choosing different syntactic units (is identity one of them? is necessity?) or by choosing different fixed interpretations of the syntactic units so chosen.
	pluralism.pitas.com (9922 words)

	Mereology (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		A second familiar objection is familiar from the literature on material constitution, where the principle of mereological extensionality is sometimes taken to contradict the possibility that an object may be distinct from the matter constituting it.
		This is the thesis known in the literature as “composition is identity”.
		It is a rejection of the theory of parthood relations as mereology understands it -- not a theory of bare identities, but of the relations of part to whole, and of the relations of part to part within a whole.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/mereology (9672 words)

	Direct and Indirect Memory Theory and Psychological Continuity Theory
		By transitivity of identity, X at 80 is identical to X at 10.
		This is a fairly big problem, since transitivity is an accepted axiom of identity and doesn't appear in any way false.
		Instead of defining memories in terms of identity, he defines it in terms of causes.
	www2.drury.edu /cpanza/memory-theory.html (1343 words)

	Topic 1
		Again, note that some relations are not transitive: "being a friend of" is a familiar one.
		But clearly a person who presents it is supposing that "being a brother of" is a transitive relation.
		There are many relations that are transitive and symmetric and thereby, as we just saw, reflexive.
	www.thelogiccourse.com /bluestorm/9h14.html (800 words)

	James Currall, Michael Moss and Susan Stuart (University of Glasgow) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The most acute of these are the issues surrounding what constitutes identity within the digital world and between digital entities.
		Legally the central issues are those of authorship and ownership; philosophically we must be concerned with the sorts of logical relations that hold between objects and in determining the ontological nature of the object; and historically our concern centres around our interest in chronology and the recording of progress, adaptation and change.
		We will begin by examining the lines along which we draw a distinction between the digital and the physical context and how, by importing notions of transitivity and symmetry from the domain of mathematical logic, we might attempt to provide, at least interim, resolutions of these questions.
	www.gla.ac.uk /departments/philosophy/ECAP/ABS-curralltalk.html (194 words)

	Article Concerning Identity Theft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		identity theft lawsuit identity theft newsweek identity theft picture penalty for identity theft article concerning identity theft attorney criminal identity theft criminal identity lawyer theft...
		Online identity theft, identity theft prevention, commercial identity theft,...
		Resources concerning Identity theft See article in San Francisco Chronicle on what to do if you are the victim of identity theft.
	identitytheft.sinetheft.com /articleconcerningidentitytheft (790 words)

	[No title]
		Intuitively, however, there is one sense in which it is proper to say, even prior to the fission, that the person who will be in Rome and the person who will be in London are not the same person.
		I therefore suggest that a singular term attaches most directly to a slice, and each tense operator in which the term is embedded shifts the target slice, the ‘referent’ being the sum of slices I-related to the resulting slice.
		It seems they are ‘two’ as counting by tensed identity, since it is in virtue of features intrinsic to a time that we count them as two.
	www.uvm.edu /~mmmoyer/papers/PofFission.doc (3416 words)

	Donald Davidson [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		A stronger version of a bridging law claims identity of properties from different theoretical discourses.
		Causality and identity are relations between individual events no matter how described.
		But laws are linguistic; and so events can instantiate laws, and hence be explained or predicted in the light of laws, only as those events are described in one or the other way.
	www.iep.utm.edu /d/davidson.htm (4461 words)

	ismb-eccb-subsection.jpg
		The increased sensitivity and accuracy of the method is achieved by exploiting the concept of transitivity of alignments.
		Starting from significant local sub-optimal alignments, the application of transitivity allows us to (1) identify distant repeat homologues for which no alignments were found; (2) gain confidence about consistently well-aligned regions; and (3) recognize and reduce the contribution of non-homologous repeats.
		We discovered that in primates the transition rates at CpG dinucleotides are lowest for chromosome X, intermediate for autosomes, and highest for Y. Thus, these mutations primarily originate in the male germline which undergoes a larger number of DNA replications compared with the female germline.
	www.iscb.org /ismbeccb2004/accepted_papers.html (9989 words)

	An Identity-Based Argument Against Abortion
		But, perhaps, it might be argued that through transplantation one might gain a part that has different genetic make-up from the rest of oneself.
		This is not a decisive reply, because transplantation is a non-natural process; but the fact that something that comes about naturally has a disparate genetic identity from oneself is good reason to believe it is not a part of oneself.
		The cell that has turned cancerous and whose telos is now simply to reproduce madly independently of the direction of the rest of the body is no longer a part of the body.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ap85/papers/IWasAFetus.html (2042 words)

	Transitivity of identity by brendanthinking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Enstasis is presupposed by transitivity - for what could go out it...
		yet enstasis is entirely ordered to transitivity, its interiority happening precisely as this urge for transitivity.
		Enstasis might be understood as having (divine essence...the one who has it), and transitivity as giving (divine essence generating one...
	www.ljseek.com /filter4/brendanthinking/Transitivity+of+identity (116 words)

	Tiling Definitions
		Such a region is a primitive cell if the region generates the entire pattern by translations, and if no smaller part of the region generates.
		There are only 3 regular tilings, made of equilateral triangles, squares, and regular hexagons.
		-- in a symmetric tiling, the transitivity class of a tile is the collection of all tiles in the tiling that are mapped to the given tile by an isometry of the tiling.
	www2.spsu.edu /math/tile/defs/definitions.htm (339 words)

	Auto Restorer On-Line Book Store
		Perry's anthology on the philosophy of personal identity has a good selection of analytic articles and essays, but little information that actually introduces and explores the field, which is especially necessary for those approaching the field for the first time.
		This is a first-rate anthology on personal identity that includes important historical work and recent (up to the 70s) discussions of the relevant issues.
		He then proposes a version of the view that personal identity consists in the stages of a person sharing memories of previous stages.
	www.autorestorer.com /bookstore/book.php?asin=0520029607 (1167 words)

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