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	Peak Optics , Magnifiers, Comparators, Loupes, For Inspection & Measuring, 2x to 300x
		Offering a complete range, from a simple inspection magnifier made of plastic, with or without lighting systems and high quality measuring magnifiers with focusing function and microscopes with a power of up to 300x.
		Special microscopes with non-reversed image, stereoscopic magnifiers, transparency magnifiers, microfiche magnifiers, headset magnifiers and pen-type microscopes round out the assortment.
		Interchangeable objective lenses for the microscopes and scales for the measuring magnifiers are available as accessories.
	www.peakoptics.com (0 words)

	Optics
		Optics (appearance or look in ancient Greek) is a branch of physics that describes the behavior and properties of light and the interaction of light with matter.
		The field of optics usually describes the behavior of visible, infrared and ultraviolet light; however because light is an electromagnetic wave, analogous phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
		The "ray" in geometric optics is an abstract object which is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual optical waves.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/o/op/optics.html (859 words)

	Transparency (optics)
		In optics, transparency is the property of allowing light to pass.
		Transparent materials can be seen through; that is, they allow clear images to pass.
		Where the degree of transparency varies according to the wavelength of the light, the image seen through the material is tinted.
	www.photonicsknowledge.com /optics/Transparency_(optics) (378 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Transparency (optics) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Where the degree of transparency varies according to the wavelength of the light, the image seen through the material is tinted.
		Category: Optics In the fields of optics and spectroscopy, transmittance is the fraction of incident light at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample.
		Transparent alumina is alumina (aluminum oxide, Al2O3) that is transparent.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transparency-(optics) (1226 words)

	Transparency (optics) - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In optics, transparency is the property of being transparent, or allowing light to pass.
		There are transparent glass walls that can be made opaque by the press of a button, a technology known as electrochromics.
		Transparent or semi-transparent clothing enables play with the boundaries of dress-codes regarding modesty; one example is the wet T-shirt contest.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Translucency (272 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Optics
		The field of optics usually describes the behavior of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light; however because light is an electromagnetic wave, analogous phenomena occur in X-rays, microwaves, radio waves, and other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
		Before quantum optics became important, optics consisted mainly of the application of classical electromagnetism and its high frequency approximations to light.
		Geometric optics is often simplified even further by making the paraxial approximation, or "small angle approximation." The mathematical behavior then becomes linear, allowing optical components and systems to be described by simple matrices.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Optics (854 words)

	Transparency \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Transparency (optics) is the property of allowing transmission of light through a material.
		The term "transparency" is frequently used in Community language to mean openness in the working of the Community institutions.
		Complaints regarding a lack of transparency tend to reflect a general feeling that the European institutions are remote and secretive and that decision-making procedures are difficult for the ordinary European citizen to understand.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Transparency (421 words)

	Transparency (optics) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In optics, transparency is the property of beingtransparent, i.e.
		This may for instance be due to certainmetallic oxide molecules in glass, or larger colored particles, as in a thin smoke.
		There are transparent glass walls that can be made opaque by the press of a button: see ICE.
	www.therfcc.org /transparency-optics--24574.html (190 words)

	Scanner Transparency
		1) " Scanner" -- As to Scanner Transparency
		2) " Transparency" -- As to Scanner Transparency
		Transparency International is anorganization working for transparency, i.e., accountability, in governance.
	www.altvetmed.com /face/3380-scanner-transparency.html (302 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Photomicrography - Common Fluorescence Photomicrography Errors with Transparency ...
		Color transparency (or reversal) film currently provides the highest resolution format for photomicrography, but this film has very close exposure and development tolerances that can easily lead to errors.
		With transparency film, a good exposure will reveal specimen details in all areas of the photomicrograph, unless this detail is actually missing in the specimen.
		Color transparency film is not very forgiving of exposure errors and will only produce acceptable results within a half to one f-stop of the correct exposure.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/photomicrography/chromefaults2.html (3813 words)

	The Institute of Optics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This research is motivated toward the development of laboratory techniques to generate multimode squeezed and entangled states of light and the use of these quantum states of light in the development of imaging systems with enhanced imaging characteristics.
		Boyd is also interested in the use of quantum interference effects such as electromagnetically induced transparency to develop new nonlinear optical devices.
		Recent results from his group include calculations of single-photon wave functions localized in free space that exhibit the binding effects of quantum memory, an examination of cross-talk in qubit chains, and the derivation of a novel "dark area" theorem that governs nonlocal effects in coupled optical pulses.
	xray.optics.rochester.edu:8080 /Research/quantum_optics.html (537 words)

	Overhead Projector Information \| Overhead Projectors
		Also know as "Chamber Optics" is a method of interposing a front surface mirror between the Light source and the Fresnel lens.
		Reflected optics is a configuration expressly for the purpose of portability.
		The true benefit of this design is the portability but because of the precise optics particularly the specialized fresnel and the mechanics of the package this is one of the more expensive versions of Overhead Projectors.
	www.discountav.com /Da-Lite/overhead-projector-information.htm (841 words)

	Optical cross-connects — Part 1: applications and features
		With network planners now turning to optics to evolve existing point-to-point WDM links into a scalable and robust optical network, the challenge facing the industry is to offer flexibility in local networks via bit rate and protocol transparency, while maximizing bandwidth management efficiency in LH networks.
		Transparency to the protocol is therefore not an immediate issue in this part of the network.
		Full (or analog) transparency at this level of the network would "future proof" the infrastructure against bit-rate increase and new traffic types, and would minimize the equipment in the signal path, resulting in significant cost advantage.
	www.fiberopticsonline.com /content/news/article.asp?DocID={63E64A3C-79BF-11D4-8C5A-009027DE0829}&VNETCOOKIE=NO (3291 words)

	Phytoplankton Lab: Hydrologic Optics Primer
		Optics is the part of physics that deals with light in the visible spectrum.
		Optics also deals with light in the invisible spectrum, infrared and ultraviolet light.
		Secchi disk depth is a visual measure of the transparency of the water.
	www.serc.si.edu /labs/phytoplankton/primer/hydrops.jsp (1538 words)

	Johnsen Lab - Research, Tissue Transparency
		Some degree of transparency is found in almost all pelagic animals that are not camouflaged by small size or mirrored surfaces, or protected by fast swimming speeds or chemical defenses, and it is generally accepted that transparency is an important method of camouflage from visual predators and/or prey in the optically featureless pelagic environment.
		Transparency is found in two major types of tissues: 1) ocular tissues, and 2) the entire bodies of many pelagic animals.
		Theoretical and experimental research on the physical basis of transparency in the vertebrate cornea and lens has shown that tissue ultrastructure and transparency are intimately related.
	biology.duke.edu /johnsenlab/research/ultratrans.html (630 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Transparency: Honduras faces an enormous challenge with regard to corruption; many companies and public institutions are pressured by “political godfathers” intending to orient bidding processes (particularly for large contracts) toward their own interests.
		With the transparency and credibility that UNDP has brought to the bidding processes, the number of participants has increased, stimulating competition and improving the selection and quality of offers received.
		Experience has also shown that it is preferable to work with processes that incorporate both technical and financial aspects; the perception of transparency is improved if it is clear that the members of the evaluation commissions are not influenced in their administrative or technical evaluation by the financial offer.
	www.undp.org /surf-panama/docs/referrals/demo_governance/bidding_transparency.doc (466 words)

	Transparency (optics) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In optics, transparency is the property of being transparent, i.e.
		If the amount of transparency depends on the wavelength of the light then the glass, etc., is tinted.
		"Transparent" materials can be seen through (such as a common glass window), whereas "translucent" materials allow some light to pass through them but cannot be seen through (for example frosted glass).
	www.usapedia.com /t/transparency-optics-.html (152 words)

	Melles Griot Optics Guide - Modulation Transfer Function (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Bar-chart resolution testing of lens systems is deceptive because almost 20% of the energy arriving at a lens system from a bar chart is modulated at the third harmonic and higher frequencies.
		Consider instead a sine-wave chart in the form of a positive transparency in which transmittance varies in one dimension.
		Assume that the transparency is viewed against a uniformly illuminated background.
	www.mellesgriot.com /products/optics/os_2_2.htm (852 words)

	Quantum optics with gamma radiation
		While in quantum optics the phase locking of the laser fields became a routine, in case of gamma radiation,where single photon processes are to be considered, this problem needs special care.To be coherent the first step of excitation must go to closely spaced nuclear levels.
		For that, a translation of the optical phenomena into the field of gamma optics, the interaction of gamma radiation with nuclei, has to be performed.A rich field of research related to coherence and interference in gamma radiation has evolved out of this.
		For example the bichromatic driving field that is used in optics, is replaced by a single photon and in the nuclear three level system a particular hyperfine doublet, as obtained from anticrossing of two nuclear hyperfine levels (Box 2) needs to be used to allow coherent excitation (box 1).
	www.europhysicsnews.com /full/23/article5/article5.html (3997 words)

	References
		in geometric optics is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in velocity.
		It happens when waves travel from a medium with a given refractive index to a medium with another.
		In other respects, a photon acts like a wave, as when passing the camera optics.
	teachers.web.cern.ch /teachers/archiv/hst2005/light/Light_Website/references.htm (2077 words)

	Novera Optics
		Novera Optics' Lambda-PON™ technology automatically allocates a separate pair of wavelengths to each broadband subscriber and thus enables 125 Mbits/sec or more of dedicated bandwidth to be delivered per subscriber or ONU.
		In another move to support its growth, Novera Optics will be moving from its present location in Palo Alto to larger offices in Santa Clara, in the heart of Silicon Valley, on March 6, 2006.
		Novera Optics is focused on developing low-cost, high-performance optical access solutions to overcome the bandwidth bottlenecks in last-mile networks.
	www.noveraoptics.com /news/index.php (2363 words)

	Atomic "gravity" and BEC
		First we propose a method to achieve a large conditional phase shift of a probe field in the presence of a single-photon control field whose carrier frequency is within the photonic band gap created by spatially-periodic modulation of the electromagnetically induced transparency resonance.
		The first scheme is based on the attainment of electromagnetically induced transparency simultaneously for two fields via transitions between magnetically split F = 1 atomic sublevels, in the presence of two driving fields.
		We show that such solitons exist in two- and three-dimensional self-induced transparency media and that they are fully stable.
	www.weizmann.ac.il /chemphys/gershon/pbg.html (967 words)

	Molecular Quantum Optics Temple University Physics Dept. marjatta lyyra
		However, due to the small size of typical molecular transition moments, the field of coherence effects in laser molecule interactions is still in its infancy.
		We have demonstrated through our recent work that molecular coherence effects such as, Autler Townes (AT) splitting and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT), can be used to control molecular motion, quantum state character and as a novel means to learn about molecular structure and dynamics.
		A material can be rendered transparent to a particular wavelength by applying a strong electromagnetic field, such as a laser.
	www.temple.edu /molecular_optics (455 words)

	Proceedings Guidelines - Author Information - Publications - SPIE Web
		Your presentation will be more effective if you simplify each transparency.
		Transparencies should be mounted for easy and efficient handling and numbered in the upper right-hand corner when properly oriented.
		SPIE is a not-for-profit international society dedicated to advancing optics and photonics.
	www.spie.org /app/Publications/index.cfm?fuseaction=authinfo&type=oralpres (347 words)

	Center for Optics Manufacturing (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Define linearly polarized light as light whose vibration direction is in a plane.
		Explain that stresses inside of transparent materials degrade the quality of linearly polarized light coming through the polariscope, causing various colors to show up.
		Civil engineers examine stresses inside structures made out of transparent plastic, to understand how to build them better.
	www.opticsexcellence.org /Programs/EduOutreach/suitcase8.htm (703 words)

	Transparency (optics) Details, Meaning Transparency (optics) Article and Explanation Guide
		Transparency (optics) Details, Meaning Transparency (optics) Article and Explanation Guide
		Transparency (optics) Guide, Meaning, Facts, Information and Description
		For derived uses of the idea of transparency, see transparent.
	www.e-paranoids.com /t/tr/transparency__optics_.html (265 words)

	Crystal technology aids development of OPOs - optics.org
		With their unique properties (high nonlinearity, wide transparency range and high damage threshold), BBO and LBO are still the materials of choice for many applications.
		With these materials the generation of near infrared radiation at wavelengths of up to 5 μm is possible.
		The main advantage of these crystals is their high optical nonlinearity and the fact that a proper choice of the periodicity of the ferroelectric domains provides phase-matching at any wavelength within the transparency range of the crystal material.
	optics.org /optics/Articles/ViewArticle.do?channel=technology&type=ole&volume=10&issue=12&article=4&page=1 (1327 words)

	Cornell Nanophotonics Group - Publications
		Chen, L., Robinson, J. and Lipson, M., Role of radiation and surface plasmon polaritons in the optical interactions between a nano-slit and a nano-groove on a metal surface, Optics Express, Vol.
		Xu, Q., Schmidt, B., Shakya, J. and Lipson, M., Cascaded silicon micro-ring modulators for WDM optical interconnection, Optics Express, Vol.
		Xu, Q., Shakya, J. and Lipson, M., Direct measurement of tunable optical delays on chip analogue to electromagnetically induced transparency, Optics Express, Vol.
	nanophotonics.ece.cornell.edu /publications.html (1492 words)

	FXhome.com :: View topic - Varying transparency of lens flare [ANSWER]
		In this case, you are able to alter the optics entire transparency from within the optic itself, as the optics engine has its own transparency controls built into it.
		You are also able to alter the opacity of each individual shape of the optic, for even greater control over the effects transparency.
		You may find using the included transparency controls of the optics engine will provide you with better results then using a grading filter, as a grading filter tends to make the effect look more "dull", due to how it is applied to the object.
	fxhome.com /forums/viewtopic.php?p=256257&sid= (298 words)

	HP Labs : Quantum Science Research : Nanophotonics and Quantum Optics
		Within the last year, QSR has begun a new basic research program in nanoscale classical and quantum optics for information processing applications, with an emphasis on areas of interest that complement and extend QSR’s existing program in nanoelectronics:
		Our research emphasizes the development of quantum information processing primitives based on nonlinear quantum optics (such as a universal set of optical gates and single-photon detectors) in photonic nanostructures.
		In our work, we study aspects of electromagnetically induced transparency and coherent population transfer phenomena and explore how emergent effects at low light levels may be applicable to the generation of a large third-order optical nonlinearity at extremely small distance scales.
	www.hpl.hp.com /research/qsr/quantumoptics.html (869 words)

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