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Topic: Transparent alumina

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	Glossary of Jewelry Related Terms: Amethyst Jewelry A
		Albite: A common white feldspar composed of a silicate of alumina and soda.
		Alumina is the base of aluminous salts, a constituent of feldspars, micas, etc., and the characterizing ingredient of common clay, in which it exists as an impure silicate with water, resulting from the erosion of other aluminous minerals.
		It is transparent to translucent and can range in color from honey-colored to pale reds, blues and greens to clear or white.
	www.zulumoon.com /glossary/A-glossary.htm (2283 words)

	Transparent alumina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transparent alumina is alumina (aluminum oxide, Al) that is transparent.
		As a powder or solid formed by sintering (welding together small particles), alumina is opaque or translucent.
		This sintered alumina is very hard, nearly transparent, and has a very high melting point (2303 kelvins), yet like other sintered materials it can be produced at temperatures much lower than its melting point.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transparent_alumina (280 words)

	Transparency (optics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Examples of transparent materials are air and some other gases, liquids such as water, most glasses, and plastics such as Perspex.
		Where the degree of transparency varies according to the wavelength of the light, the image seen through the material is tinted.
		There are transparent glass walls that can be made opaque by the press of a button, a technology known as electrochromics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transparency_(optics) (362 words)

	Transparent aluminum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transparent aluminum (or aluminium) is a material described in the Star Trek universe which was introduced in the movie Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986).
		These are presently produced through the chemical bonding of aluminium with appropriate elements in transparent alumina and in ruby, corundum, sapphire, and related aluminium compounds.
		Nanophase materials are usually transparent and very hard, with color depending on the size of the particles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transparent_aluminum (520 words)

	Artificial Gem - LoveToKnow 1911
		The nearest approach to success was attained by J. Hannay in 1880 and R. Marsden in 1881; but their results have not been verified by others who have tried to repeat them, and the probability is that what was then thought to be diamond was in reality carborundum or carbide of silicon.
		Alumina is now added till the fused mass will take up no more, and the crucible is left in the furnace for a long time, sometimes extending over weeks.
		The fusion bath is so arranged that only red-coloured alumina shall crystallize out, but it is difficult to have all the materials of such purity as to ensure the complete absence of silica and magnesia.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Artificial_Gem (3959 words)

	Glossary, Online Jewelry Advertisement Directory
		A common white feldspar composed of a silicate of alumina and soda.
		Acrylics are a type of thermoplastic, and include transparent and opaque in varied colors.
		Aquamarine is a transparent, light blue or sea-green stone that is porous.
	www.advertisejewelry.com /glossary.htm (3754 words)

	Sol-gel process for making monolithic alpha-alumina articles having controlled porosity - Patent 6383443 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Alumina, silica, mullite, corderite, aluminosilicate, and zeolites are among the commonly used ceramic materials.
		Hollow alumina honeycombs are used in food and beverage processing and in biotechnology for purposes such as removing bacteria in breweries and filtering gases and fluids.
		Alumina materials having small pore sizes also are used as molecular sieves to separate hydrogen from coal gasification gases.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6383443.html (3178 words)

	Alumina (Aluminium Oxide) — The Different Types of Commercially Available Grades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Smelter or metallurgical grade alumina is the name given to alumina utilised in the manufacture of aluminium metal.
		Fused alumina is made in electric arc furnaces by passing a current between vertical carbon electrodes.
		High purity aluminas are normally classified as those with a purity of 99.99% and can be manufactured by routes starting from Bayer hydrate using successive activations and washings, or via a chloride to achieve the necessary degree of purity.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1389 (1095 words)

	Aluminium oxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Aluminium oxide, also known as alumina, is the main component of bauxite, the principal ore of aluminium.
		In 1961, GE developed "Lucalox", a transparent alumina used in sodium vapor lamps.
		In this latter application alumina is available in the so-called Brockmann types neutral, basic (pH 9.5) and acidic (pH 4.5 when in water).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alumina (536 words)

	05-More Fluxes-Silica-Alumina
		By adding alumina to a glaze at a given maturation temperate, the refractoriness, as well as the opacity and the viscosity of the mixture is increased.
		With small amounts of alumina the material is made more viscous so that it is slower to move as it melts, so the alumina improves the chances for the melt to remain on the clay object where it is intended to function.
		Alumina content should be kept low in these base mixtures in order to keep from hindering the formation of metallic copper in the reduced glaze.
	ceramics.sdsu.edu /articles/glaze_tech/fluxes_silica_alumina.html (4779 words)

	Glass breakthrough (August 2004) - News - PhysicsWeb
		Anatoly Rosenflanz and colleagues at 3M in Minnesota used a "flame-spray" technique to alloy alumina (aluminium oxide) with rare-earth metal oxides to produce strong glass with good optical properties.
		Alumina can form glass if it is alloyed with calcium or rare-earth oxides, but the required quenching rate can be as high as 1000 degrees per second, which makes it difficult to produce bulk quantities.
		They found that their samples were much harder than conventional silica-based glasses and were almost as hard as pure polycrystalline alumina.
	physicsweb.org /articles/news/8/8/9 (411 words)

	HIGH TEMPERATURE TRANSPARENT FURNACE DEVELOPMENT
		Transparent furnaces are in use, but at relatively low temperatures because these furnace systems cannot survive the temperatures and heat loads required at high temperature.
		Transparent furnaces have been used in ground-based research for many years, in a concept first invented and patented at MIT [1] and further developed by private industry [2-4].
		Transparent furnaces can be used for research in crystal growth, sintering, metal joining, and annealing, high temperature materials properties, and the behavior of flowing systems that use high temperature liquids.
	www.tvu.com /PHighTTFweb.htm (10631 words)

	alumina
		Although this method was originally reported in 1922, it was not until the 1970's that alumina aerogels were prepared, and transparent ceramic bodies were obtained by the pyrolysis of suitable alumina gels, that interest increased significantly.
		The structure of alumoxanes was proposed to consist of linear or cyclic chains (i.e., analogous to that of poly-siloxanes).
		Chemically functionalized alumina nanoparticles (carboxylate-alumoxanes) are used as the inorganic component of a new class of inorganic-organic hybrid materials.
	python.rice.edu /~arb/alumina.htm (1222 words)

	SOCOM - 6 Phase I Selections from the 00.2 Solicitation
		A new single crystal alumina nanocomposite material is in development that has the potential to be an excellent hardface material for transparent armor.
		Regarding the transparent materials, the primary challenge is to satisfy both the multi-spectral requirement and achieve the hardness necessary for good ballistic performance.
		Transparent materials for ballistic protection are important to all branches of the military.
	www.dodsbir.net /selections/abs002/socomabs002.htm (1083 words)

	Vacuum plasma treatment apparatus - Patent 4633812
		Light transmission of the transparent quartz ceramics used as the material of the window was extremely lowered by the corrosion.
		In this case, the constituent material, that is, the material constituted of the alumina ceramics, was not corroded practically and this apparatus showed very high corrosion resistance to a fluorine type corrosive gas.
		The quality of these constituent material, that is, the electric insulating property or the mechanical strength, the airtight property, the transparent property or the like, may be maintained for a long period and contributes to maintenance of performance of the said apparatus.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4633812.html (1611 words)

	NRL - Dusty Plasma Dynamics in the NRL Space Physics Simulation Chamber Laboratory
		The top and bottom endcaps of the device are also transparent.
		Alumina microparticles with an average particle diameter of
		This observation, combined with the upward flow of the particles suggests that the exchange of particles between the different bands probably occurs at the boundaries of the clouds.
	www.nrl.navy.mil /content.php?P=03REVIEW143 (925 words)

	SBIR/STTR Interactive Topic Information System (SITIS)
		Design and develop an optically polished, tangent ogive, infrared-transmitting dome made of polycrystalline alumina or other material with thermal shock resistance, durability, and infrared bandpass similar to or greater than that of sapphire.
		Infrared-transparent, polycrystalline alumina with thermal and mechanical properties similar to those of sapphire was demonstrated in 2003 [1-3].
		Near-net-shape casting of infrared-transparent, polycrystalline alumina (or a superior material) should be in the form of a tangent ogive whose finished dimensions will be a base diameter of 130 mm, a thickness of 2 mm, and a height of 195 mm.
	www.dodsbir.com /sitis/archives_display_topic.asp?Bookmark=10975 (486 words)

	Association of British Scrabble Players - Words
		a hydrous carbonate of alumina and soda, occurring in white, bladed crustals.
		a silicate of alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or manganese.
		It is a hydrous silicate of alumina and soda.
	www.absp.org.uk /words/minerals.html (3826 words)

	Shufflingdead.com: Newbs' Knowledge of Life, the Universe and Everything
		Alumina is actually aluminum oxide, natural examples being rubies or sapphires.
		When you take alumina in small particles and sinter, or weld, them together at a high temperature it is basically transparent.
		When layers of transparent alumina are stacked and sintered together, and the right polishing techniques are applied, transparent alumina is stronger than steel at the same thickness, and many times stronger than bulletproof glass.
	www.shufflingdead.com /Articles/Society/LifeTrek.php (400 words)

	Bad Astronomy Blog » Transparent Aluminum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Quartz is also transparent when prepared in the right way (to UV and visible light), as is sodium chloride (transparent to IR and some visible).
		Saying that this armor material is transparent aluminum is like saying that rust, which is iron oxide, is merely “red steel”, or that the pigment they use for white paint (titanium dioxide) is actually “white titanium”.
		You CAN, however, have transparent ALUMINA (the common name for aluminum oxide, or sapphire) or aluminum oxynitride, which is what they talk about in the article.
	www.badastronomy.com /bablog/2005/12/30/transparent-aluminum (2396 words)

	Color effect/soft feel coating patent invention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Examples include compositions that comprise transparent coated micas and/or synthetic micas, coated silica, coated alumina, transparent liquid crystal pigments, liquid crystal coatings, and/or any composition wherein interference results from a refractive index differential within the material and not because of the refractive index differential between the surface of the material and the air.
		alumina, silica or titanium dioxide) or a semiconductor (e.g.
		Additionally, the transparent window displayed a lustrous blue color that changed to violet with changing viewing angle, yet remained clear and transparent.
	www.freshpatents.com /Color-effect-soft-feel-coating-dt20060202ptan20060024493.php?type=description (3043 words)

	Weekend Pundit: Transparent Aluminum - An Update
		The first versions were strong, light, and transparent, though not entirely so.
		When polished, it is the premier transparent armor for use in armored vehicles, said.
		Traditional transparent armor is thick layers of bonded glass.
	weekendpundit.blogmosis.com /lastweekend/029941.html (330 words)

	Comments on 15067 \| MetaFilter
		transparent aluminum was needed because they had to hold such-and-such amount of water with walls only so-and-so thick (i think it was an inch and a half, or the like).
		transparent aluminum was the only option, but it wasn't available, so they gave the guy the formula.
		Finally, I'm pretty sure they used the transparent aluminum for the whale tank, because when the subject of taking the whales back to the future in the Klingon ship was first broached, Scotty said they'd "just" need some transparent aluminum.
	www.metafilter.com /comments.mefi/15067 (1209 words)

	SBIR/STTR Interactive Topic Information System (SITIS)
		The fabrication of infrared-transparent polycrystalline alumina with a grain size of 0.5 um was reported in 2003[1-3].
		Polycrystalline alumina should be ~1/2 as expensive as sapphire and can be cast into difficult shapes, such as an aerodynamic ogive.
		The infrared transmittance of polished, flat witness samples shall be within 2% of that of sapphire in the 3-5 µm wavelength region.
	www.dodsbir.net /sitis/archives_display_topic.asp?Bookmark=27509 (643 words)

	Transparent alumina microspheres (US4837069)
		Reasonably transparent microspheres having crystallites in the range of 5-100 micrometers are obtained with little intergranular porosity, and their density is estimated to be near theoretical.
		A solid, transparent, polycrystalline spheroid useful as a retroreflective lens element and having a diameter less than about 500 micrometers, consisting essentially of alpha alumina having crystallites of about 5 to 200 micrometers in largest dimension.
		Transparent activated nonparticulate alumina and method of preparing same
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US04837069__ (418 words)

	Business
		Known "transparent" alumina ceramics exhibit low mechanical parameters and a low in-line transmission of unscattered light (< 15 %) because of coarse micro-structures (> 20 µm); in fact, they are optically not clear and rather translucent than transparent.
		Transparent components of sintered corundum with sub-µm microstructure.
		The transparency of the hollow component is demonstrated by a central wire and the XXX-marker on the backside.
	www.ikts.fhg.de /business/strukturkeramik/basiswerkstoffe/oxidkeramik/transsinterkorund_en.html (266 words)

	Aluminium oxide - Alumina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Alumina (Al2O3) has mechanical and physical properties particularly suitable for electrical and thermal insulation, for cutting tools and abrasives.
		Transparent alumina, used for optical applications, can also be found.
		Alumina powder (99.9% purity) can be purchased for 100 DKK/kg.
	www.designinsite.dk /htmsider/m1011.htm (137 words)

	N04-234 - Hypersonic Alumina Infrared Domes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		CeraNova recently demonstrated a low-cost, powder processing route for producing transparent, fine-grained PCA disks that has the potential to meet or exceed the capabilities of sapphire in demanding infrared window and dome applications.
		Alumina has good thermomechanical properties and high MWIR transmission.
		In addition to DoD applications in IR transmitting domes and windows, transparent alumina has commercial potential as an envelope material for high intensity lamps.
	www.navysbir.com /04_3/16.htm (274 words)

	Advanced Nano : Products : ZinClear, alusion, nanoZ, Zinc Oxide, Alumina, Ceria
		ZinClear™ - for the first time enabling transparent SPF 30+ sunscreens containing only zinc oxide as the UV absorber.
		Zinc Oxide is ideal for all cosmetic and industrial transparent UV absorbing applications, and antibacterial functions.
		Alumina plates have an average thickness of 200 nm.
	www.advancednanotechnology.com /products.php (111 words)

	Bibliographic Database
		Transparent observation of particle dispersion in alumina slurry using in situ solidification.
		Effect of alumina addition on the distribution of intergranular-liquid phase during sintering of 15-mol%-calcia-stabilized zirconia.
		Effects of rare-earth oxide and alumina additives on thermal conductivity of liquid-phase-sintered silicon carbide.
	content.csa.com /biblio/ne0C803.html (3065 words)

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