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Topic: Transpirational pull

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Transpiration
		Transpiration is a side effect of the plant needing to open its stomata in order to obtain carbon dioxide gas from the air for photosynthesis.
		The transpiration ratio is the ratio of the mass of water transpired to the mass of dry matter produced; the transpiration ratio of crops tends to fall between 200 and 1000 (i.e., crop plants transpire 200 to 1000 kg of water for every kg of dry matter produced) (Martin, Leonard and Stamp 1976, p.
		Transpiration functions to effect the ascent of sap from the roots to the leaves (thus supplying the food-manufacturing cells with water needed for photosynthesis) and to provide the moisture necessary for the diffusion of carbon dioxide into and oxygen out of these cells.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transpiration (1202 words)

	Transpirational pull
		Transpirational pull is the main phenomenon driving the flow of sap in the xylem tissues of large plants.
		Transpirational pull results ultimately from the evaporation of water from the surfaces of cells in the interior of the leaves.
		The high surface tension of water pulls the concavity outwards, generating enough force to lift water as high as a hundred meters from ground level to a tree's highest branches.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Transpirational_pull.html (119 words)

	Transpirational pull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transpirational pull is the main phenomenon driving the flow of sap in the xylem tissues of large plants.
		Transpirational pull results ultimately from the evaporation of water from the surfaces of cells in the interior of the leaves.
		A common misconception is that water moves in plants by capillary action, the movement of water along a small-diameter conduit (such as a capillary) as a result of surface tension in the meniscus at the leading surface of the moving water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transpirational_pull (406 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Transpiration pull
		A common misconception is that water moves in plants by capillary action, the movement of water along a small-diameter conduit (such as a capillary) as a result of surface tension in the meniscus at the leading surface of the moving water.
		This is the reverse of root pressure, caused by the transpiration of water from leaves.
		In larger plants such as trees, the root pressure and transpirational pull work together as a pump that pulls sap from the soil up to the leaves where it is transpired.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Transpiration-pull (492 words)

	Xylem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By far the most important cause of xylem sap flow is transpirational pull.
		This is the reverse of root pressure, caused by the transpiration of water from leaves.
		In larger plants such as trees, the root pressure and transpirational pull work together as a pump that pulls sap from the soil up to the leaves where it is transpired.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xylem (368 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Transpiration
		Transpiration is a continuous process caused by the evaporation of water from leaves of plants and its corresponding uptake from roots in the soil.
		Transpiration cools plants down and enables mass flow of minerals to where it is needed in the plant.
		Mass flow is caused by the decrease in hydrostatic (water) pressure in the upper parts of the plants due to the diffusion of water out of stomata in to the atmosphere.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/tr/Transpiration (116 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Transpirational pull is the main phenomenon driving the flow of water in the xylem tissues of large plants.
		Transpirational pull only works because the vessels transporting the water are very small in diameter, otherwise cavitation would break the water column.
		Transpiration pull, utilizing capillary action and the inherent surface tension of water, is the primary mechanism of water movement in plants.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Transpirational_pull (682 words)

	[No title]
		Transpiration, or loss of water from the leaves, helps to create a lower osmotic potential in the leaf.
		The resulting transpirational pull on a column of water moves water from the xylem to the mesophyll cells to the air spaces in the leaves.
		The rate of evaporation of water from the air spaces of the leaf to the outside air depends on the water potential gradient between the leaf and the outside air.
	www.accessexcellence.org /LC/TE/PW/EXP/XPIR/forw.html (160 words)

	Plant Transport Lecture
		The energy of evaporation is needed to to pull molecules away from the film of water coating air spaces within the spongy parenchyma.
		Transpiration involves the pulling of water up through the xylem of a plant utilizing the energy of evaporation and the tensile strength of water.
		The flow of water and minerals from the soil to the cells of the root is accomplished by transpirational pull, active transport and a special layer of cells called the casparian strip.
	home.earthlink.net /~dayvdanls/plant_transport.html (2016 words)

	Garden Tractor Pulling -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When the fretting finger is pulled off (usually exposing another fretting finger on the same string, a few frets down the fingerboard) the note playing on the string falls to that corresponding with the new, longer vibrating length of the string.
		Pull-offs are common both on fretted and unfretted instruments, and are often used to sound grace notes: as the string is not picked or bowed again to produce the sound of the second note, the transition from one to the other sounds gentler and less percussive.
		''Pull My Daisy'' was accordingly praised for years as a improvisational masterpiece, until Leslie revealed in a November 28, 1968 article in the ''Village Voice'' that the film was actually carefully planned, rehearsed, and directed by him and Frank, who shot the film on a professionally lit studio set.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/61/garden-tractor-pulling.html (1041 words)

	meniscus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Surface tension acts on concave menisci to pull the liquid up, and on convex menisci to pull the liquid down.
		Also, the meniscus is a term used to refer to one of two parts of the human knee.
		In sports and orthopedics, people will sometimes speak of "meniscus surgery," or a "torn meniscus," and be referring to an injury to one of these two membranes.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /meniscus.html (242 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		Transpirational pull: the most important cause of xylem sap flow, is caused by the evaporation of water from the surface mesophyll cells to the atmosphere.
		This transpiration causes millions of minute menisci to form in the cell wall of the mesophyll.
		The resulting surface tension causes a negative pressure in the xylem that pulls the water from the roots and soil.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Xylem (941 words)

	Chapter 36 - Transport in Plants
		If a solution is separated from pure water by a selectively permeable membrane, external pressure on the solution can counter its tendency to take up water due to the presence of solutes or even force water from the solution to the compartment with pure water.
		It is also possible to create negative pressure, or tension as when you pull up on the plunger of a syringe.
		Transpiration, the evaporation of water from a leaf, reduces pressure in the leaf xylem.
	homepage.mac.com /truax/Outlines/pages/55.html (2350 words)

	[No title]
		Bulk flow (due to pressure) Transpiration reduces pressure in the leaf Hydrostatic pressure develops at one end of the sieve tubes in the phloem forcing sap to the other end of the tube II.
		The ascent of xylem sap depends mainly on transpiration and the physical properties of water The shoot depends upon an efficient delivery of its water supply Sap flow — 15m + per hour Water transported up from roots must replace that lost by the process of transpiration 2.
		Pushing xylem sap — root pressure When transpiration is low, active transport of ions into the xylem decreases Osmotic water uptake increases pressure which forces fluid up the xylem (root pressure) Root pressure is not eh major mechanism driving the ascent of xylem sap 3.
	csmweb.csm.edu /cfp/faculty/coswald/notes/ch36.doc (921 words)

	ABC Online Forum (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The largest force (transpirational pull) results from the evaporation of water from the leaves at the top of the tree.
		Transpiration is one of them.* Indeed, so importantly that were transpiration not to exist, life as we know it would not exist.
		The driving engine behind the pull is the evaporation of water and the attraction between water molecules.
	www2b.abc.net.au /science/k2/stn/archives/archive34/newposts/254/topic254253.shtm (1694 words)

	Transpiration pull Article, Transpirationpull Information
		Transpirational pull is the main phenomenon driving the flow of sap inthe xylem tissues of large plants.
		This evaporation causes thesurface of the water to pull back into the pores of the cell wall.
		This is a very complicatedsubject, as xylem transport is driven by a combination of transpirational pull from above, capillary action and root pressure.
	www.anoca.org /water/pressure/transpiration_pull.html (257 words)

	Biology 2402 Lecture Notes - Water Transport
		Transpiration is defined as the loss of water from leaves, most of which exits through stomata.
		The water is pulled through the plant by the expansion of leaves and demand for water in the new tissues creating a negative pressure or tension on the water column, drawing it up and forcing more water to leave the soil and enter the root.
		Long distance movement of water through a plant is driven by the hydraulic pressure generated by the transpirational pull through the xylem.
	www.ualr.edu /botany/transpiration.html (1580 words)

	Pull in TutorGig Encyclopedia
		A pull is an attractive force, which causes Motion physics motion toward the source of the motion, as opposed to a push, which causes motion away from the source.
		Pull up can mean pull up exercise see chin up pull up resistor, a technique in digital electronics pull up transistor, a transistor used in analog electronics Pull Up refactoring, a technique used in object..
		Pull My Finger is a joke or prank regarding flatulence in which a Mark victim mark is asked to pull the finger...
	www.tutorgig.com /es/Pull (833 words)

	Transpiration Lab
		The "pull" on the water from transpiration is increased as a result of cohesion and adhesion of water molecules.
		The details: Transpiration begins with evaporation of water through the stomates (stomata), small openings in the leaf surface which open into air spaces that surround the mesophyll cells of the leaf.
		Therefore, a balance must be maintained between the gain of CO and the loss of water by regulating the opening and closing of stomates on the leaf surface.
	www.ekcsk12.org /science/aplabreview/transpirationlabbellversion.htm (951 words)

	Xylem - New World Encyclopedia
		The main phenomenon driving the flow of xylem sap is transpirational pull.
		The reverse of root pressure, this is caused by transpiration, the loss of water by evaporation.
		In larger plants such as trees, the root pressure and transpirational pull work together as a pump that pulls xylem sap from the soil up to where it is transpired.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /entry/Xylem (2141 words)

	Transpiration
		The "pull" on the water from transpiration is increased as a result of cohesion and adhesion of water molecules.
		As each water molecule moves into a mesophyll cell, it exerts a pull on the column of water molecules existing in the xylem all the way from the leaves to the roots.
		This transpirational pull is caused by (1) the cohesion of water molecules to one another due to hydrogen bond formation, (2) by adhesion of water molecules to the walls of the xylem cells which aids in offsetting the downward pull of gravity.
	sps.k12.ar.us /massengale/transpiration.htm (1203 words)

	Chap36notes
		Transpiration pulls xylem sap upward, and cohesion of water transmits the upward-
		Transpirational pull depends upon the creation of negative pressure.
		The transpirational pull on the xylem sap is transmitted all the way from the leaves to
	www.geocities.com /apbiowi/Chap36notes.html (1789 words)

	Discuss the usefulness and limitations of anatomical studies when attempting to understand transport systems in plants.
		Since the xylem is long and continuous, we find it easier to understand how water may be pulled up the vessel in a long continuous stream by the adhesion-cohesion theory and transpirational pull.
		To understand the mechanism of the transpirational pull, we must look at the anatomy of the leaf.
		This makes up the transpirational pull, and the path in which water travels from root to xylem to atmosphere can only be understood by the study of the structure of the leaf.
	www.coursework.info /i/45220.html (434 words)

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