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Topic: Transport during the Industrial Revolution

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	Transport during the Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transportation of raw materials to the manufacture sites, and of the finished clothing and linen from the centres of production in the Pennines in central England, was limited by the lack of large scale rivers.
		This was overcome by the development of canals, starting with a navigation between the coal mine at Worsley and the conurbations and ports of Manchester and Liverpool.
		This first British canal was built by James Brindley at the behest of the Duke of Bridgewater to transport coal from mines at Worsley, to factories in Manchester and to the ports on the River Mersey: it was thus named the Bridgewater Canal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transport_during_the_Industrial_Revolution (163 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes wrought by the end of feudalism in Great Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century.
		Transporting goods by sea was common during the whole of the Industrial revolution and only fell away with the growth of the railways at the end of the period.
		This "second" Industrial Revolution gradually grew to include the chemical industries, petroleum refining and distribution, electrical industries, and, in the twentieth century, the automotive industries, and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Great Britain to the United States and Germany.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Industrial_Revolution (4758 words)

	On The Industrial Revolution: "Myths and Realities."
		The Industrial Revolution3 was the integration of a number of factors which acted on one another in a cybernetic fashion.
		The impulse and the impetus of the Industrial Revolution, as it was for civilization itself, was, trade.
		The problem of the Industrial Revolution, environmental pollution, one which has grown throughout the 19th and the 20th centuries, and which was abated by better western practices, may take a very sad turn for the entire human race in the coming century.
	www.blupete.com /Literature/Essays/BluePete/IndustRev.htm (4109 words)

	[No title]
		At the eve of the Industrial Revolution, the ratio of the per capita income of the average most advanced country to the per capita income of the average least advanced traditional society, was 2.8 to 1, in 1960 US dollars adjusted for purchasing power parity differences.
		During the Industrial Revolution, the governments of the follower countries responded to the economic and political challenges posed by the early industrializers by unifying their countries politically and by creating the institutional framework for capitalism through removing existing institutional barriers to the growth of market systems.
		As during the Industrial Revolution era, it is those developing countries with the most developed economic and political institutions in 1950 that were the major beneficiaries from the strong growth-impetus originating in developed countries.
	are.berkeley.edu /~adelman/KEYNOTE.DOC (8279 words)

	Industrial Revolution
		During the 1700s and early 1800s, great changes took place in the lives and work of people in several parts of the world.
		Historians have disagreed on the significance of the Industrial Revolution.
		One of the most spectacular features of the Industrial Revolution was the introduction of power-driven machinery in the textile industries of England and Scotland.
	www.puhsd.k12.ca.us /chana/staffpages/eichman/Adult_School/us/fall/industrialization/1/industrial_revolution.htm (3309 words)

	Planning the Software Industrial Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Industrial age goods are made of atoms that are difficult to replicate and transport.
		Revolutions happen so slowly, and often displace one group by another, because of value rigidity, the inability to relax the pursuit of an older good to gain a newer one.
		Mature industries like plumbing are less complex than ours, not because software is intrinsically more complicated, but because they -- and not we -have solved their complexity, nonconformity, and changeability problems by using a producer/consumer hierarchy to distribute these problems across time and organizational space.
	virtualschool.edu /cox/pub/PSIR (6207 words)

	Industrial Revolution: 11 to 14 years (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Women in the Industrial Revolution: The Industrial Revolution in part was fueled by the economic necessity of many women, single and married, to find waged work outside their home.
		Red Clydeside: During the period between 1910 and 1932 the city of Glasgow was witness to an unparalleled wave of working class protest and political agitation which challenged the forces of capitalism and also, on occasion, directly challenged the state itself.
		The Industrial Revolution: From boiling a kettle to working in an office, much of the modern world is shaped by the achievements of the Industrial Revolution.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /REVhistoryIR2.htm (3836 words)

	Atmosphere, Climate & Environment Information Programme
		During the Industrial Revolution industries were often located in urban areas.
		Most industries and power stations are now located in rural areas, but urban areas often lie in the prevailing wind path of these industries.
		Industry is the main source of SO in the UK and therefore also the main contributors to rainfall acidity.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /Resources/Fact_Sheets/Key_Stage_4/Air_Pollution/07.html (637 words)

	Industrial Collectivisation during the Spanish Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although large numbers of women entered the workforce during the revolution, equal participation in the paid workforce was not achieved and because the anarchosyndicalist vision of social organisation was based around the workforce, people not in the industrial collectives were effectively excluded from social and economic decision making.
		The revolution, however, was unable to extend itself due mainly to the fact that while the rank and file seized control of the factories and pursued the work of socialisation, there was a failure to consolidate these gains politically.
		The economic shortcomings of the revolution: the fact that the financial system was not socialised, that collectivisation lacked unity on a national level, that the industrial collectives did not go further than, at best, co-ordination at the level of industry, is inextricably linked to this major political mistake and betrayal of anarchist principles.
	www.struggle.ws /wsm/rbr/rbr7/spain.html (4467 words)

	Industrial Revolution
		During World War I, ocean travel became too dangerous and return immigration stopped, and after the war, European conditions were so chaotic that some immigrants who had thought to return stayed here instead.
		Farmers then and now were deeply involved in the industrial revolution; they bought the plows, combine threshers and tractors industrialists produced, and they relied on the railroads to get their crops to markets.
		The skyscraper took advantage of technological changes made possible by the industrial revolution to address problems of population density and the high cost of land in city centers, problems which had caused dangerous and filthy tenements to spring up in American cities.
	www.austincc.edu /rebhist/1302I.html (6097 words)

	[No title]
		The era known as the Industrial Revolution was a period in which fundamental changes occurred in agriculture, textile and metal manufacture, transportation, economic policies and the social structure in England.
		A strategy which may be employed to promote the students’ understanding of the changes that have occurred in agriculture during the period of this unit, and from this period to today’s modern farms, is to start with the present and work back in time to the period we are studying.
		Changes in the textile industry were already occurring in the early 1700s; however, these changes were not easily accepted as evidenced by the workers’ riots which broke out in response to these new machines.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1981/2/81.02.06.x.html (5289 words)

	UK Air Pollution
		During the Industrial Revolution, smog pollution in urban areas became a significant problem, due to the industrial and domestic burning of coal.
		Whilst industrial nitrogen oxides emissions have fallen in the last 15 years, emissions from road transport have grown significantly, because of the increase in the number of cars, although in the last few years the introduction of clean fuel technology has helped to reduce emissions.
		The shift in type of emissions, from domestic and industrial to road transport, has resulted in a shift in type of common pollution episode.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Air_Quality/Older/UK_Air_Pollution.html (376 words)

	Individual Industries and the Industrial Revolution: Selected Readings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chapman, S.D. The Cotton Industry in the Industrial Revolution.
		Regions and Industries: A Perspective on the Industrial Revolution in Britain.
		The Industrial Revolution -- Economic Factors and Contexts
	www.victorianweb.org /technology/ir/7.html (175 words)

	The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change for the country of England (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Industrial Revolution was a period of great change for the country of England.
		Friederich Engels describes the conditions of an industrial city in England during the Revolution in The Condition of the Working-Class in England.
		The Industrial Revolution was preceded by an agricultural revolution, which allowed for a dramatic increase in population and a larger working force.
	www.udayton.edu /~s02-102-10-4/bart.htm (1165 words)

	The Industrial Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the late 1780s he minted his own "wage tokens" when the English government failed to produce enough coins for him to pay his workers.
		During the first decade of the l9th Century, he built several more steam carriages, known as locomotives, which were used for hauling coal and ore out of the mines.
		During the l9th Century, steam locomotives were exported from England to many countries of the world.
	www.neo-tech.com /businessmen/part6.html (3293 words)

	Oxford Archaeology - Industrial Archaeology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the period in the 18th and 19th centuries when Britain was transformed from a predominantly agricultural nation into the manufacturing workshop of the world.
		The Industrial Revolution made possible the mass-production of goods, with cheap cotton textiles, ribbons, pottery, glass, cutlery, furniture, pots and pans and much else available at affordable prices to millions of people in ways that had never been possible before.
		This pattern was broken decisively in Britain during the Industrial Revolution, as more and more people moved off the land and into mills, factories, mines and offices.
	www.oxfordarch.co.uk /pages/industrialrev.htm (604 words)

	industrial revolution
		The industrial revolution, the change of an agricultural society into one of industry was started in Great Britain and reached Germany in the beginning of the 19th century.
		The Ruhr area became an industrial conurbation, where on the base of coal and steel a heavy industry come to be, and families such as Krupp, Thyssen, Mannesmann, Klöckner, and Haniel reached a high level of importance.
		The European industrial nations were participating in a world-wide race for untapped markets, to secure raw materials and undisclosed markets for themselves since the middle of the 19th century.
	www.mzkl.de /neothemi-ger/industrial.htm (464 words)

	his101cd (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The early reforms of the industrial revolution were not launched by the middle class which was enjoying a privileged lifestyle, but rather by the liberal aristocrats who were motivated by a sentimental view of the past
		In fact, one clear motive of these aristocrats was to curtail the power of the uppity middle class that had grown rich on the spoils of the industrial revolution and were challenging the nobles socially.
		The pace of industrial life was difficult for peasants or former artisans to adjust to.
	courses.cvcc.vccs.edu /history_mcgee/courses/his102/his102ln06.html (3823 words)

	Industrial Revolution
		Some people once regarded this northern English region as a hell on earth, a pestilential zone where innocence perished in the name of progress and the soulless world of organised labour was born.
		To the north lie the mountains and lakes of Cumbria, and to the south is the fertile Cheshire plain.
		Before the Industrial Revolution began it was a backwater.
	www.cottontimes.co.uk (417 words)

	Category:Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The British Industrial Revolution took place in the 18th and 19th centuries.
		It included inventions in the areas of industry (textiles and metallurgy) supported by developments in mining, transportation, water and steam power.
		It led to great changes in social structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Industrial_Revolution (96 words)

	EPA : Global Warming : Emissions
		However, during the Industrial Revolution, we began altering our climate and environment through changing agricultural and industrial practices.
		Before the Industrial Revolution, human activity released very few gases into the atmosphere, but now through population growth, fossil fuel burning, and deforestation, we are affecting the mixture of gases in the atmosphere.
		is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.
	yosemite.epa.gov /oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/emissions.html (477 words)

	The Cloister Room - Industrial Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Set during the British Industrial Revolution, the aim of the game is build up your business producing items such as cotton, pottery and tin and then transport them to cities for sale.
		Industrial Revolution was my entry into the uDevGame 2004 contest hosted by iDevGames.
		A diary was kept during the development of the game and can be read here.
	www.cloisterroom.com /MacGames/industrialrevolution.html (202 words)

	Section 8: The Industrial Revolution /Shaping of the Modern World/Brooklyn College
		The Industrial Revolution was a combination of new methods and new technology: in particular, it adopted machine power to manufacture.
		Industrial Revolution II built on the society and industry created by Ind. Rev I. More emphasis on science and technology - scientific research comes to play a role.
		The Industrial Revolution was necessary to cope with rising population, if that population was to have any standard of living.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /history/virtual/core4-8.htm (5170 words)

	Science, Technology, and the Industrial Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sullivan, Richard J. "England's 'Age of Invention': The Acceleration of Patents and Patentable Invention During the Industrial Revolution." Explorations in Economic History.
		Sullivan, Richard J. "The Revolution of Ideas: Widespread Patenting and Invention During the English Industrial Revolution." Journal of Economic History 1990 (50/2) 349-362.
		The Role of Transportation in the Industrial Revolution: A Comparison of England and France.
	www.victorianweb.org /technology/ir/5.html (284 words)

	Industrial Revolution
		This report argues that the Industrial Revolution could never have occurred had it not been for the power of water.
		This Scottish economist was the most influential thinker in the history of capitalist economics, a fact that is all the more remarkable in that he was writing during the earliest phases of the industrial revolution.
		This exhibition places the current debate on sweatshops in the garment industry in a historical context and explores the complex factors that contribute to their existence today.
	www.42explore2.com /industrial.htm (1355 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Year 9 - SchoolHistory.co.uk
		This links to the specific 'industrial revolution' section, so pupils need to select relevant links, such as the Textile Industry, the Railways or Engineers.
		Covers the Revolution, the social and political effects and the literary response.
		An interesting perspective, presenting the effects of the Industrial Revolution on the worker.
	www.schoolhistory.co.uk /year9links/industrial9.html (223 words)

	Productivity Growth during the First Industrial Revolution: Inferences from the Pattern of British External Trade
		Productivity Growth during the First Industrial Revolution: Inferences from the Pattern of British External Trade
		It rejects Peter Temin's contention that the Crafts-Harley 'new view' of sectorally concentrated productivity growth during the Industrial Revolution is inconsistent with actual industrial exports.
		A CGE trade model with diminishing returns in agriculture that also emphasizes demand conditions indicates that while technological change in cottons and iron were major spurs to exports, the demand for food imports generated by population growth and diminishing returns in agriculture also stimulated trade.
	ideas.repec.org /p/uwo/uwowop/9809.html (340 words)

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