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Topic: Transposable elements

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	Transposon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are a variety of mobile genetic elements, they can be grouped based on their mechanism of transposition.
		Class I mobile genetic elements, or retrotransposons, move in the genome by being transcribed to RNA and then back to DNA by reverse transcriptase, while class II mobile genetic elements move directly from one position to another within the genome using a transposase to "cut and paste" them within the genome.
		Artificial P elements can be used to insert genes into Drosophila by injecting the embryo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Transposable_element (1104 words)

	JUMPING GENES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ATLANTA - Mariner transposable elements, more popularly known as jumping genes, appear to jump from species to species, not randomly but as a fundamental means of survival, reported University of Illinois researchers at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
		Transposable elements are fragments of DNA which appear to migrate from species to species by an as yet little understood mechanism through a process known as horizontal transfer.
		Mariner transposable element were first identified in Drosophila maurintiana, a fly native to the Indian Ocean region.
	www.accessexcellence.org /WN/SUA02/jumping_genes.html (586 words)

	Transposable Genetic Elements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		McClintock and the Ac/Ds Transposable Elements of Corn
		Bacterial transposable elements were initially detected because of the genetic instability of phenotypes.
		IS elements are a family of elements that range from 768 to 1426 bp in size and are represented in different copy number in bacterial chromosomes and on associated F factors.
	www.cc.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/mcclean/plsc431/transelem/trans5.htm (235 words)

	Hartl Lab - Research Interests
		The mariner/Tc1 superfamily of transposable elements is one of the most diverse and widespread Class II transposable elements.
		Within the larger assemblage, the mariner-like elements (MLEs) and the Tc1-like elements (TLEs) are distinct families differing characteristically in the composition of the "D,D(35)E" cation-binding domain.
		A number of mariner transformation vectors based on the mauritiana subfamily of transposable elements were introduced into the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and examined for their ability to be mobilized by the mariner transposase.
	www.oeb.harvard.edu /hartl/lab/research/mariner.html (432 words)

	Transposable Genetic Elements
		Today, though transposable elements are recognized as important components of many genomes and may have played important roles in evolution.
		All the elements contain a short inverted repeat sequence (11 bp) at each end that appear to be essential for transposition of the element.
		Thus, the presence of the transposable element in the allele changes the phenotype produced by the allele.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /instruct/mcclean/plsc431/transelem/trans1.htm (1209 words)

	Remarkable compartmentalization of transposable elements and pseudogenes in the heterochromatin of the Tetraodon ...
		Remarkable compartmentalization of transposable elements and pseudogenes in the heterochromatin of the Tetraodon nigroviridis genome -- Dasilva et al.
		Remarkable compartmentalization of transposable elements and pseudogenes in the heterochromatin of the Tetraodon nigroviridis genome
		by transposable elements, and the annotation of chromosomes 20,
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/99/21/13636 (5063 words)

	TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS I - RETROTRANSPOSONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Transposable elements have since been found in all eukaryotic organisms from yeast to man.
		That certain transposable elements had a similar reproductive cycle to retroviruses was only suspected when the nucleotide sequence of the elements was examined and found to have remarkable similarity to known retroviruses.
		The longest elements are presumed to represent full length elements and the shorter elements deletion derivatives which are presumably non-functional.
	bssv01.lancs.ac.uk /ADS/BIOS336/336L3.html (1661 words)

	McCouch Rice Lab
		Elements found that are greater than 70% of the concensus length are automatically accepted and displayed.
		Elements that are less than 70% but greater than 50% of the concensus length are placed in a manual curation queue.
		Elements that are less than 50% of the concensus length are discarded.
	ricelab.plbr.cornell.edu /gra.php (184 words)

	TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS II - DNA-DNA ELEMENTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The P elements enter the non-repressive cytoplasm of the egg, transposase is produced and the ensuing high level of transposition causes mutations and chromosome breakage leading to gonadal defects and mutations in the F
		This is usually from a P element which has an intact transposase gene but has had one of its 31 bp repeats removed so that it cannot insert into the genome.
		Patrizio Dimitri and Nikolaj Junakovic (1999) Revising the selfish DNA hypothesis: new evidence on accumulation of transposable elements in heterochromatin.
	bssv01.lancs.ac.uk /ADS/BIOS336/336L4.html (1481 words)

	P Elements in Drosophila
		The P element transposase is an 87 kiloDalton protein encoded by autonomous P elements (Fig.
		Thus the donor element is replaced by an identical P element copied in from the sister chromatid (Fig.
		This interpretation is strengthened by the observation that when the P element resides on an extrachromosomal plasmid, and therefore lacks a sister chromatid for a template, the resulting footprints rarely contain more than four base pairs from each terminus (O'Brochta, Gomez and Handler 1991).
	engels.genetics.wisc.edu /Pelements/Pt.html (6407 words)

	BDGP: Transposable Elements and Genome Research
		We can control conditions so that the transposable element is as genetically stable as any other component of the genome or, alternatively, have the element excise or transpose at high frequency to other genomic locations.
		Moreover, P elements have been shown to preferentially transpose to nearby sites, providing a powerful approach for local mutagenesis (Zhang, P. and Spradling, A.C. Genetics 133, 361- 373) when used in conjunction with the large set of lines we are generating which should provide a mapped P element insertion every 50 kb.
		We are now carrying out insertional mutagenesis using P transposable elements that have been engineered to allow controlled misexpression, in addition to insertional inactivation, of the gene at the site of insertion (Rørth et al., 1998.
	www.fruitfly.org /p_disrupt/trans_elements.html (456 words)

	Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology \| Full text \| Generating and manipulating transgenic animals using transposable ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Many excellent reviews have been written on the subject of transposable elements and it is not the goal of this review to systematically cover that very large field, which really would require a textbook to do the subject justice [1-3].
		Recent studies of the hobo element suggest that it has distinct hot spots for integration and that the percentage of the genome available for insertion is more restricted than for other transposable elements such as the P element [33,34].
		Robertson HM: The mariner transposable element is widespread in insects.
	www.rbej.com /content/1/1/80 (7687 words)

	Transposable Elements And The Evolution Of Eukaryotic Complexity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Abstract:andnbsp;Eukaryotic transposable elements are ubiquitous and widespread mobile genetic entities.
		For example, approximately 1/2 of the human genome was recently shown to consist of transposable element sequences.
		A number of specific scenarios are presented that implicate transposable elements in the evolution of the complex molecular and cellular machinery that are characteristic of the eukaryotic domain of life Transposable Elements And The Evolution Of Eukaryotic Complexity, Bowen NJ, Jordan IK, Curr Issues Mol Biol.
	www.comdig.org /send_article.php?id_article=7211 (173 words)

	The Petrov Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University
		Gene-transposable element chimeras in Drosophila: bioinformatic and population genetic analyses.
		Transposable elements in clonal lineages: lethal hangover from sex.
		Petrov, D. A., Schutzman, J. L., Hartl, D. L., and Lozovskaya, E. Diverse transposable elements are mobilized in hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila virilis.
	www.stanford.edu /group/petrov/publications (869 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Isolation of Two New Cacta Transposable Elements from Anthocyanin Genes in Maize
		Interpretive Summary: Transposable elements (TE) are segments of DNA that move from one location to another within a plant's chromosomes.
		These new CACTA elements have been identified through the analysis of the In (Intensifier) gene and the C2 (Chalcone synthase) mutant C2-Idf (Inhibitor diffuse).
		The analysis of this transposable element showed a region of 450 bp with a high AT content (69%).
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=98841 (385 words)

	Mathews/van Holde/Ahern 3rd Edition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In many instances the transposable element is itself replicated, with one copy being deposited in the new sequence and one remaining in the donor sequence.
		Three different classes of transposable elements in bacteria, with general structures are shown in Figure 25.35.
		The currently favored model to explain how the ends of the element are generated to join with the ends of the staggered cut of the target sequence is shown in Figure 25.37.
	oregonstate.edu /instruct/bb451/winter2004/common451/ch25/c25tge.htm (732 words)

	Transposable elements in malaria mosquito genome may offer a tool for control of disease spread
		Tu's group is one of several labs involved in characterizing transposable elements (TEs) -- segments of nucleic acids, or genetic material, that move around the genome and have a significant impact on its structure and size.
		Transposable elements were first noticed by Nobel scientist Barbara McClintock in the 1940s, when she observed that sometimes, when wildtype corn mutated, the mutated stock would later appear to revert at high frequency.
		Tu's work on characterization and organization of transposable elements in mosquito genomes has been funded by the National Institutes of Health since his arrival at Virginia Tech in 1999.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-10/vt-tei093002.php (819 words)

	Transposable Elements and the Evolution of Eukaryotic Complexity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Eukaryotic transposable elements are ubiquitous and widespread mobile genetic entities.
		There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates that transposable elements have been major players in genome evolution.
		A number of specific scenarios are presented that implicate transposable elements in the evolution of the complex molecular and cellular machinery that are characteristic of the eukaryotic domain of life.
	www.horizonpress.com /cimb/abstracts/v4/07.html (178 words)

	DNA Movement Linked to Formation of Antibody Genes
		Transposable elements are classified by their mechanisms of transposition.
		The element comes from the housefly and is a member of the hAT family of transposable elements that includes the Ac element of maize, which Geneticist Barbara McClintock, of the Carnegie Institution’s Cold Harbor Laboratory in New York, discovered many decades ago.
		Unlike other transposable elements, hairpin intermediates are formed at the ends of the donor DNA rather than on the ends of the element itself.
	homepage.mac.com /derya/iblog/B1248376957/C554439701/E1836641873 (545 words)

	BIL 250 - Lecture 15a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Tranposable Genetic Elements were first discovered and described in corn by The Magnificent Barbara McClintock (1983 Nobel Laureate), transposons were further studied in bacteria and phages, in which their role was first fully understood.
		The problem was a self-replicating episome (= a bacterial genetic element capable of replicating freely in the cytoplasm, or of being inserted into the bacterial chromosome to replicate along with the chromosome) called an R factor (for "Resistance").
		Transposable elements are found as plasmids, and in bacterial chromosomes.
	www.bio.miami.edu /dana/250/25002_15aprint.html (2365 words)

	LSU Scientists Develop New Theory About Human Genome Evolution By Tracking 'Stealth' DNA Elements
		Their study focused on the origin and spread of transposable elements in the genome, many of which are known to be related to certain genetic disorders, such as hemophilia.
		Because Alu elements are so abundant, comprising approximately 10 percent of the total human genome, they have been thoroughly examined and characterized in terms of their origin and sequence composition.
		In the "stealth driver" model, low-activity Alu elements are maintained in low-copy number for long periods of time and occasionally produce short-lived hyperactive progeny that contribute to the formation and expansion of Alu elements in the human genome.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/07/050704114522.htm (992 words)

	Examples of Transposable Elements
		Here's something to make you think: P elements, the transposable elements in Drosophila melanogaster, are currently found in all strains of the flies except the oldest of the laboratory strains.
		Compared to the human Alu elements, which may be millions of years old, P elements are very new to fruit flies and probably arose by means of horizontal transfer.
		Since Alu elements are never removed from the genome - remember, they're retrotransposons and move by RNA intermediates instead of excision - each new appearance of an Alu element represents a discrete event in evolution.
	homepage.usask.ca /~jmb498/TransEx.html (621 words)

	Insertion Preference of Maize and Rice Miniature Inverted Repeat Transposable Elements as Revealed by the Analysis of ...
		Casacuberta, E., Casacuberta, J.M., Puigdomenech, P., and Monfort, A. Presence of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITEs) in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana: Characterization of the Emigrant family of elements.
		Tu, Z. Three novel families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements are associated with genes of the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti.
		Yoder, J.I. Rapid proliferation of the maize transposable element Activator in transgenic tomato.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/11/2553 (5874 words)

	UGA scientists lead $3.4 million NSF grant
		Transposable elements are mobile fragments of DNA that can move from one chromosomal location to another, increasing their contribution to the whole genome until they can account for the majority of the genomic DNA.
		Transposable elements may provide a way to diversify the genome in response to environmental changes.
		The mechanisms behind all this genetic diversity are poorly understood, however, and transposable elements may play a major role in many of the plants’ differences, such as size.
	www.uga.edu /columns/000911/front3.html (615 words)

	Evolution and Impact of Transposable Elements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		These questions are of great interest because transposable elements may have had a significant impact on the evolution of host genome structure and the ability of populations and species to successfully adapt to their environments.
		In this book, complementary aspects of the evolution impact of transposable elements are discussed in papers presented by participants of the ESF workshop entitled `Evolution and Role of Transposable Elements' which was held at CNRS in Gif-sur-Yvette, France in September 1996.
		The presentations cover four major topics of active investigation: the structure and evolution of transposable elements, transposable elements and heterochromatin, dynamics and regulation of transposable elements, and transposable elements and host phylogenies.
	isbn.nu /0792346904 (434 words)

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