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Topic: Transverse Mercator

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	Transverse Mercator projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, in a Transverse Mercator projection, the cylinder is rotated 90° (transverse) relative to the equator so that projected surface is tangent at a meridian (or line of longitude) rather than the equator, as is the case with the traditional Mercator projection.
		The Transverse Mercator projection is useful for mapping small areas or areas with a small longitude range, e.g., Chile, since the areal distortion increases with the distance from the tangent meridian.
		The Transverse Mercator projection is not only used for graphical representations in maps, but also forms the basis of the Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system, a projected coordinate system which employs a grid-based method for locating positions on the Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Universal_Transverse_Mercator (428 words)

	Mercator projection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Mercator projection is a cylindrical map projection devised by Gerardus Mercator in 1569.
		The Mercator projection exaggerates the size (and to a lesser extent, the shape) of areas far from the equator.
		Although the Mercator projection is still in common use for navigation, critics argue that it is not suited to representing the entire world in publications and wall maps due to its distortion of land area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mercator_projection (697 words)

	Wilderness Camping 'How To' Section, Mapping, UTM Acronym Origin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Transverse simply refers to turning the cylinder 90 degrees so that the line of contact between the paper and the globe is through the poles, rather than along the equator.
		Mercator was born Gerhard Kremer, the son of a poor cobbler in Rupelmonde, Flanders, (now Belgium, near Antwerp) in 1512, then lived with a rich uncle in the small town of Gangelt.
		Mercator was a victim of the Inquisition, accused of heresy against the Catholic church in 1544, probably in part for his Protestant beliefs, as well as what was thought to be suspicious activity from wide travels in search of data for his maps.
	www.paddles.com /users/wildcamp/utmnym.html (1455 words)

	* Transverse Mercator Projection - (GIS): Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Transverse Mercator projection The Transverse Mercator projection is a transverse cylindrical conformal projection.
		The Transverse Mercator projection, which lends itself to edge-matching operations, is commonly used for map series, such as the 1:50 000 and 1:250 000 scale National Topographic System (NTS), produced by Geomatics Canada...
		What a transverse mercator projection does, in effect, is orient the equator' north-south (through the poles), thus providing a north-south oriented swath of little distortion...
	www.mimihu.com /gis/transverse_mercator_projection.html (534 words)

	Map Projections: Navigators and Radio Operators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The transverse aspect, with equations for the spherical case, was presented by Lambert in his seminal paper (1772).
		The blue strip is zone 13 of the UTM grid; it is part of a cylindrical slice, approximating a spherical lune 6° wide at the equator and clipped by the 84°N and 80°S parallels.
		Each zone is separately projected using the ellipsoidal form of the transverse Mercator projection with a secant case: scale of the central meridian is reduced by 0.04%, so two lines about 1°37" east and west of it have true scale.
	www.progonos.com /furuti/MapProj/Normal/ProjNav/projNav.html (1064 words)

	WDNR - WTM83/91 Geo-referencing System
		The Wisconsin Transverse Mercator coordinate system is based on the state’s current high resolution reference network — the 1991 adjustment to the North American Datum of 1983 (WTM83/91).
		For this single geographic referencing system, the DNR has chosen a statewide Wisconsin Transverse Mercator projection/coordinate system, based on the current high-resolution reference network (the 1991 adjustment to the North American Datum of 1983).
		WTM83/91 (Wisconsin Transverse Mercator, referenced to the North American Datum of 1983, 1991 adjustment)
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /maps/gis/wtm8391.html (225 words)

	Geometry Glossary
		The angular distance on the Earth, or on a globe or map, east or west of the prime meridian at Greenwich, England to the point on the Earth's surface for which the longitude is being ascertained, expressed in degrees, or in hours, minutes and seconds.
		The Mercator (MERC) map projection, sometimes referred to as the Plain Mercator, is made from the centre of the Earth onto a cylinder surrounding and touching it at the Equator.
		The Transverse Mercator (TM) map projection is a State Plane Co-ordinate system that consists of 120 zones designed to optimally represent sections of the individual states.
	envisat.esa.int /dataproducts/asar/CNTR5-5.htm (3295 words)

	Cylindrical Projections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Mercator's projection is partially developed by projecting the globe onto the cylinder from the center of the globe.
		In other words, the Transverse Mercator involves projecting the Earth onto a cylinder which is always in contact with a meridian instead of with the Equator.
		For example, to create the Transverse Mercator map showing North and South America, with a central meridian of -90 degrees West and centered on the Equator, shown in the upper-right corner of the figure in the Mercator Projection section.
	idlastro.gsfc.nasa.gov /idl_html_help/projections10.html (1002 words)

	The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Transverse Mercator maps are created by projecting the Earth sphere onto a cylinder tangent to a central meridian.
		In the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid the surface of the Earth is divided into zones, each identified by a number and letter (see figure).
		Mercator projections are often used for marine navigation UTM maps are often used to portray areas with larger north-south than east-west extent.
	www.soc.soton.ac.uk /bilko/envisat/tutorial/t_html/pop/coords_utm.html (203 words)

	Projections
		The Miller Cylindrical projection is similar to the Mercator projection except that the polar regions are not as areally distorted.
		This transverse cylindrical projection, maintains scale along the central meridian and all lines parallel to it, and is neither equal-area nor conformal.
		A transverse cylinder is projected onto the globe conceptually, and is tangent along the central meridian.
	info.wlu.ca /~wwwgeog/special/geomatics/html/arcprojections.htm (3538 words)

	Mercator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Many countries and US states use Transverse Mercator for their grid systems, especially countries such as New Zealand, which are long N/S and narrow E/W. There are some coordinates that use a State Plane Coordinate System.
		The Transverse Mercator projection is used, with the cylinder in 60 positions.
		Put another way: UTM projection is used to define horizontal positions world-wide by dividing the surface of the Earth into 6 degree zones, each mapped by the Transverse Mercator projection with a central meridian in the center of the zone.
	www.vterrain.org /Projections/UTM.html (534 words)

	[No title]
		The programs were written specifically to translate between the Universal Transverse Mercator standard, and specifically for the Great Britain and Ireland "National Grid" systems, however they could be used for translation between latitude/longitude and ANY mapping system that uses this projection by altering the constants used to define the projection conveniently contained in a list.
		In "Mercator" projection the map of the world is projected onto a cylinder of paper from the globe, where the only point of contact between the two is the equator.
		Transverse Mercator uses the same principle, except a line of latitude is used.
	www.gentles.info /hp48/mercator.txt (2823 words)

	Transverse Mercator Projection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		on a Mercator projection, distortion on a transverse Mercator increases with longitude as well as with latitude away from the meridian of tangency.
		On the transverse Mercator projection, however, the area in the higher longitude would be larger.
		A Mercator projection table is used to plot the meridional distances.
	www.tpub.com /inteng/9g.htm (412 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Transverse Mercator Projection A Transverse Mercator projection takes the cylinder and turns it on its side.
		The Transverse Mercator projection is used, with the cylinder in 60 posi tions.
		UTM projection is used to define horizontal positions world-wide by dividing the surface of the Earth into 6 degree zones, each mapped by the Transverse Mercator pro jection with a central meridian in the center of the zone.
	search.cpan.org /src/GRAHAMC/Geo-Coordinates-UTM-0.03/README (792 words)

	Universal Transverse Mercator
		Mercator eastings and northings axes are given a false...
		Mercator (UTM) is another coordinate system for the earth that has some nice advantages over the more familiar latitude and longitude especial...
		Mercator projection in its various forms is the...
	www.emagical.co.uk /universal_transverse_mercator.html (231 words)

	Transverse Mercator Projections and U.S. Geological Survey Digital Products
		In a transverse cylindrical projection, the point of tangency between cylinder and globe is a meridian, or line of longitude, called the central meridian.
		The UTM is a Transverse Mercator to which specific parameters, such as standard central meridians, have been applied (Snyder, 1987, p.
		Transverse Mercator would not really be used for areas as large as those shown in figure 6, but the exaggerations caused by the large area illustrate several things about the relationships between USGS quadrangle maps, the graticule, and plane coordinate systems:
	topomaps.usgs.gov /drg/mercproj/index.html (2897 words)

	SCO Web: Regional Coordinate Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Based on both the Lambert conformal conic and transverse Mercator projections, State Plane Coordinate systems were developed for every state such that there would be no more than one foot of distortion in every 10,000 feet of distance (on the ellipsoid).
		The transverse Mercator projection varies in scale in an east-west direction (Figure 3), making it most suitable for areas primarily extending north and south.
		The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection and coordinate system was developed by the Department of Defense for military purposes and is a global coordinate system.
	feature.geography.wisc.edu /sco/pubs/wiscoord/regional.php (946 words)

	Lat/Lon, Mercator's, Lambert's (Oh My!)
		The Transverse Mercator projection is just like the Mercator projection, only the circle of tangency is a meridian of longitude (the "central meridian" of the projection) instead of the Equator.
		A transverse Mercator projection is subject to all the same distortion of a Mercator projection, turned on its side.
		UTM "zones" of six degree width are defined, and maps of regions inside those zones are prepared in Transverse Mercator projection using the meridian at the center of the zone.
	www.swcp.com /csar/Projections.shtml (1781 words)

	* UTM - (GIS): Definition
		Definition: The Universal Transverse Mercator is an international plane (rectangular) coordinate system developed by the U...
		UTM Coordinate System, based on the Universal Transverse Mercator map projection, is a planar locational reference system which provides positional descriptions accurate to 1 meter in 2,500 across the entire earth's surface except the poles...
		Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) A system of plane coordinates based upon 60 north-south trending zones, each 6 degrees of longitude wide, that circle the globe...
	en.mimi.hu /gis/utm.html (783 words)

	Transverse Mercator Projection -- 3DSoftware.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This is the transverse aspect of the Mercator projection.
		By using the transverse aspect, that property of low distortion runs north-south instead of east-west, so that some areas which would have high distortion in the normal Mercator projection could be projected with less distortion.
		“Since the regular Mercator projection has little error close to the Equator (the scale 10° away is only 1.5 percent larger than the scale at the Equator), it has been found very useful in the transverse form, with the equator of the projection rotated 90° to coincide with the desired central meridian.
	www.3dsoftware.com /Cartography/USGS/MapProjections/Cylindrical/TransverseMercator (436 words)

	GEOG 121 Project 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However the Mercator projection distorts the area of the land which in turn embellishes distances and shapes.
		The latter being the projection used for the UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator projection which is used world-wide.
		The Transverse Mercator projection is used because there is no scale distortion across the equator.
	www.personal.psu.edu /jwm260/Project_1.htm (667 words)

	Transverse Mercator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The most familiar and commonly used Transverse Mercator is the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) whose natural origin lies on the equator.
		However, some territories use a Transverse Mercator with a natural origin at a latitude closer to that territory.
		Alternatively, as in the case of Argentina's Transverse Mercator (Gauss-Kruger) zones, the origin is at the south pole with a northings of zero.
	www.remotesensing.org /geotiff/proj_list/transverse_mercator.html (463 words)

	Map Projection
		The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection is a derivative of the Mercator projection which was developed by Gerardus Mercator in the 1500s.
		The Transverse Mercator projection differs from the Mercator projection in that the strips run north-south instead of east-west.
		In both the Mercator and Transverse Mercator projections, the earth is represented on a flat surface by placing a cylinder around the earth.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /dfn/utm.htm (504 words)

	Open Channel Foundation: Transverse Mercator Map Projection
		This program produces the Gauss-Kruger (constant meridional scale) Transverse Mercator Projection which is used to construct the U.S. Army's Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Grid System.
		This result is a consequence of the fact that these steps produce a computation of real distance along the image (in the plane) of the principal meridian, and an analytic continuation of the distance at points that don't lie on the principal meridian.
		The program output is the conventional (as used by the mapping agencies) cartesian coordinates, in meters, of the Transverse Mercator projection.
	www.openchannelsoftware.org /projects/Transverse_Mercator_Map_Projec (539 words)

	Map Projection Overview
		Transverse Mercator projections result from projecting the sphere onto a cylinder tangent to a central meridian.
		Transverse Mercator maps are often used to portray areas with larger north-south than east-west extent.
		The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) projection is used to define horizontal, positions world-wide by dividing the surface of the Earth into 6 degree zones, each mapped by the Transverse Mercator projection with a central meridian in the center of the zone.
	www.colorado.edu /geography/gcraft/notes/mapproj/mapproj.html (1829 words)

	The Universal Transverse Mercator System
		The familiar Mercator projection used on so many world maps is a cylindrical projection, meaning the globe is encircled by an imaginary cylinder touching at the equator, and the earth is projected onto the cylinder.
		The Mercator projection is a conformal projection, meaning that angles and small shapes on the globe project as the same angles or shapes on the map.
		Because the Transverse Mercator projection is very accurate in narrow zones, it has become the basis for a global coordinate system called the Universal Transverse Mercator System or UTM System.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/FieldMethods/UTMSystem.htm (3183 words)

	Projections and Projected Coordinate Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It has been noted that the Transverse Mercator projection is employed for the topographical mapping of longitudinal bands of territories, limiting the amount of scale distortion by limiting the extent of the projection either side of the central meridian.
		This is known as the Space Oblique Mercator Projection and although it closely resembles an oblique cylindrical it is not quite conformal and has no application other than for space imagery.
		In applying the formulas for the (Hotine) Oblique Mercator the first set of co-ordinates computed are referred to the (u, v) co-ordinate axes defined with respect to the azimuth of the center line.
	www.posc.org /Epicentre.2_2/DataModel/ExamplesofUsage/eu_cs34i.html (939 words)

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