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Topic: Trapezius muscle

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List of muscles of the human body

Deltoid muscle

Accessory nerve

Levator scapulae muscle

Rhomboid major muscle

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Muscle fiber

Temporalis muscle

Muscular system

Omohyoid muscle

Buccinator muscle

Muscle

Acromion process

Auricularis anterior muscle

Digastric muscle

	[No title]
		Sternocleidomastoid muscle flap ranges from mastoid process at the back of ear and is divided into two, one of which attaches to sternum and the other of which attaches to clavicle.
		Trapezius muscle is one of the muscles that have muscle strain and pain the most frequently influenced by mental stress.
		The pains related to this muscle appear in sides of neck and vertebral side of the shoulder joint, which are mainly occurred when we are exposed to the coldness or we raise shoulders for a long time.
	www.atexkorea.com /atexeng.html?pageMenu=lecture (1126 words)

	Make Muscle. A Bodybuilding and Fitness Resource
		These muscles are located to the back of the upper arms and may be worked either as a part of a compound movement (such as bench press or shoulder press) or in isolation by performing tricep extensions, dips or tricep kick-backs.
		The rectus abdominus is the large muscle that covers the front of the abdomen (note that it only appears to consist of six muscles due to its multi-headed anatomy).
		The muscles are located at the back of the thighs (below the gluteus maximus) and may be worked in compound movements (again such as squats or the leg press) or in isolation by performing the leg curl.
	www.makemuscle.net /musclegroups.html (831 words)

	Trapezius Exercises To Build Trapezius Muscle & Trapezius Exercises For Strength
		Trapezius exercises can develop both your trapezius muscles and your shoulders to give you an impressive strongly built appearance.
		Your trapezius muscles are more than likely relatively strong already even if you've never exercised before, and because of this you must use trapezius exercises with heavy weights in order to properly develop them.
		Trapezius exercises using heavy weights must be handled with care and proper form otherwise the trapezius exercises you're using can easily injure your traps, shoulders or neck.
	www.man-health-fitness-solutions.com /trapezius-exercises.html (1267 words)

	Physiological Mapping of Bowing: Six Case Studies
		An examination of mv/sec muscle expenditures reveals a considerable decrease of 35% in posterior deltoid, and increases in trapezius (+33%), bicep (+5%), and forearm flexor (+18%), and slight decrease of 1% in composite muscle expenditure from pretest to posttest.
		A 2% increase in composite muscle expenditure is evident from pretest to posttest.
		A considerable decrease in composite muscle expenditure (-23%) from pretest to posttest is evident.
	music.utsa.edu /tdml/conf-III/III-Koehler/III-Koehler.html (2044 words)

	Trapezius Exercises, Shoulder Exercises, Deltoid Exercises
		The upper portion of the trapezius is mainly responsible for shrugging your shoulders.
		Primary muscles are the traps and the deltoids.
		Secondary muscles are the biceps, brachialis, and the forearms.
	www.leehayward.com /art27.htm (538 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 432
		It arises from the external occipital protuberance and the medial third of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone, from the ligamentum nuchæ, the spinous process of the seventh cervical, and the spinous processes of all the thoracic vertebræ, and from the corresponding portion of the supraspinal ligament.
		The two Trapezius muscles together resemble a trapezium, or diamond-shaped quadrangle: two angles corresponding to the shoulders; a third to the occipital protuberance; and the fourth to the spinous process of the twelfth thoracic vertebra.
		The clavicular insertion of this muscle varies in extent; it sometimes reaches as far as the middle of the clavicle, and occasionally may blend with the posterior edge of the Sternocleidomastoideus, or overlap it.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page432.html (373 words)

	Rhytmic activity associated with respiration in both trapezius muscles
		Examination of both trapezius muscles and the right sternocleidomastoid muscle by means of concentric needle electrodes revealed normal activity with normal motor unit action potentials and without any spontaneous activity apart from the rhythmic activity obtained from trapezius muscles at rest.
		The rhythmic pattern of activity observed in trapezius muscles was harmonic, continuous and associated with the rhythm of respiration (Figure 1).
		In normal subjects, the role of the trapezius muscle in respiration seemed to be minimal in spite of the cervical plexus contribution and rhythmic respiration in resting condition is entirely diaphragmatic(15).
	www.med.ege.edu.tr /~norolbil/2004/NBD26504.htm (2207 words)

	Back muscles
		The external oblique is a large, thin sheet of overlapping muscle that runs along the side of the torso and partly on the front from the lower ribs to the rectus, the pubis bone, and the iliac crest of the hip.
		The serratus posterior superior is a thin, flat, quadrilateral muscle that extends from the neck to the third, fourth, and fifth ribs.
		This muscle is used to turn and tilt the head, raise and twist the arms, and to shrug or steady the shoulders.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/m5back.htm (1739 words)

	Interstitial changes in trapezius muscle during repetitive low-force work
		Muscle pain is frequent in the upper trapezius muscle in occupational groups employed with highly repetitive work tasks.
		The aim of the present thesis was to determine the interstitial trapezius muscle responses to repetitive low-force work in healthy subjects and in patients with work-related trapezius myalgia - with respect to metabolism, inflammatory mediators and potential algesic substances.
		It was demonstrated that metabolites accumulate in the trapezius muscle during 20 min of repetitive low-force work.
	www.danmedbul.dk /DMB_2005/0105/0105-phd/DMB3713.htm (537 words)

	Yonsei Medical Journal
		A variation of the trapezius muscle was observed in a Korean female adult cadaver during routine student dissection.
		The lateral, upper three-fourths of the descending portion of the trapezius muscle were separated from the remainder of the muscle.
		This abnormal muscle bundle is considered as a variant of the cleido-occipitalis cervicalis, and formation of this variation is discussed based on the embryological development of the relative muscular structures.
	www.eymj.org /abstracts/viewArticle.asp?year=2003&month=12&page=1098 (181 words)

	Workplace Health - Strengthening the Lower Trapezius Muscle: Thera-Band Exercise & Chair Push Ups
		Our muscles up here are too tight, but also the lower trapezius is the antagonist or the muscle that balances out the upper trapezius's function.
		So the action of the upper portion of the trapezius muscle -- which is the area where we have all that tension and pain -- is to elevate the shoulders, like this, and also it extends the neck.
		And this is going to help us achieve a balance of the trapezius muscle; by having a stronger, lower trap, we're likely to have a less tense upper trapezius muscle.
	healthinfochannel.healthology.com /workplace-health/video3104.htm (570 words)

	Different patterns of blood flow response in the trapezius muscle following needle stimulation (acupuncture) between ...
		The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of needle stimulation on local blood flow in the trapezius muscle and overlying skin in HS and two groups of patients suffering from chronic pain in the trapezius muscle, i.e., FM and work-related trapezius myalgia (TM) patients.
		Two modes of needling, deep muscle stimulation (Deep) and subcutaneous needle insertion (SC), were performed at the upper part of the shoulder and blood flow was monitored for 60 min post-stimulation.
		It was hypothesized that the different patterns of muscle blood flow response to the needling may mirror a state of increased sympathetic activity and a generalized hypersensitivity in the patients.
	acupuncture.researchtoday.net /archive/2/9/70.htm (389 words)

	CHAPTER 4: MATERIAL AND METHODS
		Figure 4.3.c shows the RMS trend of upper trapezius in position B. The RMS behavior of middle trapezius for position B was variable between the subjects, probably due to the fact that it was hard for individuals to control the amount of shoulder retraction.
		This observation suggests strongly that the existence of a myalgic muscle affects the performance of a group of muscles that are in a synergistic or antagonist relationship with that muscle.
		However, the finding of a significant difference in the RMS behavior of trapezius between the patients and healthy subjects while the muscle was acting as a stabilizing synergist and, during the same experiment finding that the endurance time between the two groups was not significantly different, may indicate a physiological change in the myalgic muscle.
	www.ee.umanitoba.ca /~mousavi/thesis/CHAPTER4.html (4693 words)

	CHAPTER 2: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND MYOFASCIAL PAIN SYNDROM
		In general, muscles that react rapidly and whose control is precise, have few muscle fibers (as few as 10 to 15) in each motor unit and have a large number of motoneurons directed to the muscle.
		Therefore, since the muscle is already in a partially contracted state when the second twitch begins, the degree of muscle shortening this time is slightly greater than that which occurs with a single muscle twitch.
		In extreme degrees of muscle fatigue, essentially all the ATP is depleted; this accounts for the rigid binding of the actin and myosin filaments in the contracted state of the muscle.
	www.ee.umanitoba.ca /~mousavi/thesis/CHAPTER2.html (6693 words)

	Muscle Balance
		When muscle imbalances result, you need to stretch the muscle that is too strong and too short and strengthen the muscle that is too weak.
		Not all low back pain is caused by muscle imbalance, but much of it is. In this case the pain results from a forward tilt of the pelvis and involves two pairs of muscles.
		The abdominal muscles hold the pelvis up in front and usually become too weak and their partner, the erector spinae which holds the pelvis up in back usually becomes too strong.
	wellness.lattc.cc.ca.us /aquatics/musclebal.html (665 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing of ...
		Like the sternocleidomastoid, the trapezius is a compound muscle consisting of three distinct parts, as indicated by a more or less clear separation of the clavicular portion of the muscle from the rest and, less frequently, by the separation of the lower from the middle portion.
		This muscle arises from the superior margin of the beneath (or ventral to) the omohyoid muscle and extends by a narrowing muscle mass and tendon to insert onto the inner surface of the middle of the clavicle.
		Perrin, J.B. (1871) A rudiment of the dorsal portion of the panniculus carnosus, superficial to the trapezius.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/T/46Trapezius.shtml (1078 words)

	Muscle Tension
		The hypothesis of overload of certain motor units is supported by the observation of an increased number of "ragged red" Type I muscle fibres in the trapezius muscle of workers exposed to monotonous shoulder load (Larsson et al., 1988; Bengtsson and Henriksson, 1989; Lindman et al., 1991; Larsson et al., 1992).
		Muscle pain associated to psychological factors in the workplace could be explained by a blocking of pauses in muscle activity unrelated to the actual biomechanical work being performed (Elert et al., 1992).
		Trapezius EMG activity and psychopohysiological responses of female supermarket cashiers during rest periods and experimental stress (preliminary title).
	www.macses.ucsf.edu /Research/Allostatic/notebook/muscle.html (5156 words)

	The muscle in fibromyalgia -- Bengtsson 41 (7): 721 -- Rheumatology
		The muscle in fibromyalgia -- Bengtsson 41 (7): 721 -- Rheumatology
		Capillary density was examined in the trapezius muscle in 10
		Muscle pathology in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a light microscopic, histochemical and ultrastructural study.
	rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/7/721 (2108 words)

	Clinical Trial: Study of Biological Substances From Muscle Tissue Involved in Myofascial Pain (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This pain is characterized by "trigger points" (exquisitely tender spots) in a group of tense muscle fibers that extend from the trigger point to the muscle attachments.
		Trigger points in the trapezius, a large muscle lying between the neck and shoulder, are typically caused by emotional stress, postures such as hunching shoulders, certain activities like using a telephone receiver without elbow support, or by wearing certain articles such as a heavy coat or heavy purse.
		The same procedure for the upper trapezius muscle is done in the calf muscle.
	clinicaltrials.gov /show/NCT00042276 (921 words)

	Introduction
		During typing, trapezius muscle activity was not statistically significantly different among conditions, though the graph shows a trend for lower muscle activity levels for the trapezius muscle for both keyboard designs with the negative slope keyboard tray.
		The EMG data from this study show that both trapezius and front deltoid muscle activity were higher for the desktop conditions compared to the negative slope keyboard tray conditions.
		Shoulder muscle activity generally was lower for the adjustable mouse pad position because this position allows users to hold their arm close to their body instead of reaching up to the desk or down to the side for the conventional tray.
	ergo.human.cornell.edu /AHProjects/Mouse/keyboard.html (3669 words)

	Julstro - Hint of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The trapezius muscle goes from the base of your skull to the shoulder, and then all the way down to the middle of your back.
		When a therapist is discussing the muscle we divide it into three sections: upper, middle and lower trapezius.
		After you have found the trigger point, and you are adding pressure to it, continue pressing into the spasm and do the stretch you just learned for the trapezius muscle.
	www.julstro.com /last_months_hint4.html (750 words)

	Optimizing the Trapezius Muscle through Proper Biomechanics
		While many of us associate the trapezius muscle with merely being the neck muscles that can be seen from the base of the skull, the trapezius muscle actually consists of three fiber areas.
		The entire muscle looks like a kite, which starts at the base of the skull and extends down and out to the posterior aspect of the lateral third of the scapulae and medial border of the acromion process and then continues down, inserting in a triangular space at the base of the scapular spine.
		The muscle is always used in preventing the glenoid fossae from being pulled down during the lifting of objects with the arms and as mentioned, is typical in action during the holding of an object (like luggage).
	www.protraineronline.com /past/2000_2002/july2_02/traps.cfm (1262 words)

	Carpal Tunnel Treatment Center - Hint of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The shoulder is moved by a large number of muscles and is the most complicated joint in the body.
		Other muscles that can cause shoulder pain are: on your top of your arm — at the outside of your shoulder (deltoid), in your back (infraspinatus and levator scapulae), in your chest (pectoralis minor and pectoralis major), and in your upper arm (biceps and triceps).
		You should have a fairly thick piece of muscle between the middle finger and the thumb.
	www.aboutcts.com /last_months_hint4.html (790 words)

	Image Analysis Quantification of Substance P Immunoreactivity in the Trapezius Muscle of Patients with Fibromyalgia and ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Image Analysis Quantification of Substance P Immunoreactivity in the Trapezius Muscle of Patients with Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome
		We investigated SP immunoreactive (SP-ir) nerve fibers in the upper trapezius of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) by immunochemistry.
		Trapezius muscle obtained from tender points of 9 women with primary FM, from trigger points of 9 women with regional myofascial pain, and from 9 control women were immunostained with anti-SP sera.
	www.jrheum.com /abstracts/abstracts00/2906.html (221 words)

	Treating Chronic Pain - Deep Tissue vs Muscle Release Technique
		This is due to the fact that the scar tissue reformed in the muscle and the deep tissue work did nothing to restore the muscle memory.
		The Muscle Release Technique™ (MRT) is a unique injury therapy that combines compression, extension, movement and breath to give the therapist a tool to provide, in many cases, relief from pain in one treatment.
		Simply by putting a little pressure on the muscle tissue, and at the same time putting the muscle through a specific plane of stretch, holding only for two seconds, the muscle memory is being restored.
	www.positivehealth.com /permit/Articles/Bodywork/young52.htm (1724 words)

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