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	Trautonium English
		The Trautonium is modelled on the so-called "Bandmanual" of the Hellertion, invented by Hellberger and Lertes early in this century.
		The outputs of the two summing amplifiers are the trautonium's audio outputs, and are fed to effect units and the PA (audio mixer, amplifier, loudspeakers).
		One of the VCAs is controlled by a foot controller, the second by the pressure voltage of the Trautonium manual A-198, the envelope generator A-140 or the LFO A-145.
	www.doepfer.de /traut/traut_e.htm (5136 words)

	Trautonium and subharmonic oscillator
		The Trautonium is an electronic musical instrument invented by Friedrich Trautwein in the thirties in Berlin, Germany, with enhancements made by Oskar Sala in the fifties which led to the well known Mixtur-Trautonium.
		The Trautonium is modelled on the so-called "Bandmanual" of the Hellertion, invented by Hellberger and Lertes early in this century.
		The outputs of the two summing amplifiers are the outputs of the trautonium and are fed to effect units and the PA (audio mixer, amplifier, loudspeakers).
	www.analogue.org /network/traut_e.htm (3211 words)

	mimaroglu music sales ☞ artists ☞ oskar sala
		the trautonium was developed by the electrical engineer dr freidrich adolf trautwein (b würzburg 1888, germany; d düsseldorf 1956) and first exhibited in germany in 1930.
		the original trautonium had a fingerboard consisting of a resistance wire stretched over a metal rail marked with a chromatic scale and coupled to a neon tube oscillator.
		the trautonium had a three octave range that could be transposed by means of a switch.
	www.mimaroglumusicsales.com /artists/oskar+sala.html (483 words)

	Trautonium - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The trautonium is a monophonic electronic musical instrument invented ca.
		Expressive playing was possible with this wire by gliding on it or create vibrato with small movements.
		Paul Hindemith wrote several short trios for three Trautoniums with three different tunings: bass, middle, and high voice.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Trautonium (208 words)

	Electronic Musical Instrument 1870 - 1990
		The Original Trautonium had a fingerboard consisting of a resistance wire stretched over a metal rail marked with a chromatic scale and coupled to a neon tube oscillator.
		A later developments of the Trautonium by the Trautonium virtuoso and composer Oskar Sala was the Mixturtrautonium.
		The essential design principles of the Trautonium were retained in the development of the semi-conductor version of the Mixturtrautonium; sound production on the basis of subharmonic mixture, and the method of playing with two string manuals.
	www.obsolete.com /120_years/machines/trautonium/index.html (827 words)

	The Musical Times: Oskar Sala 1910-2002 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sala’s reputation as the leading, indeed sole, Trautonium virtuoso was thereafter assured, at least on his native soil, but more than twenty years were to elapse before its eerie sounds reached international ears — thanks to a last-minute decision by the master of suspense.
		The original Trautonium was essentially a monophonic instrument: Indeed, it could be described as a state-of-the-art descendant of the Pythagorean monochord — a wire stretched across a fingerboard.
		In the Trautonium’s case, the depressed wire completes an electric circuit that activates an oscillator, whose tone is amplified and can be altered by means of filters.
	www.musicaltimes.co.uk /archive/0201/sala.html (1006 words)

	The Trautonium
		The Original Trautonium had a fingerboard consisting of a resistance wire stretched over a metal rail marked with a chromatic scale and coupled to a neon tube oscillator.
		The Trautonium had a three octave range that could be transposed by means of a switch.
		Trautonium virtuoso and composer Oskar Sala was the Mixturtrautonium.
	www.keyboardmuseum.com /pre60/1930/trautonium.html (771 words)

	- Trautonium - encyklopedia
		Trautonium posiadał zakres trzech oktaw, wybieranych przełącznikiem z szerszego zakresu.
		Brzmienie Trautonium dzięki temu było dużo bogatsze od wszelkich innych instrumentów tamtych czasów tak, że może być uznane za prekursora współczesnych syntezatorów.
		Mixture Trautonium - oparte na technologii pólprzewdnikowej oraz z tak dobraną charakterystyką opornika, że byłą ona liniowa a nie wykładnicza jak w innych modelach.
	katalog-stron.luman.biz /Trautonium (264 words)

	trautonium
		Trautonium-a tresna elektrikoen ardatzean dagoen hodi edo hutsune balbulen teknologian oinarrituriko instrumentu monofonikoa da.
		Oskar Sala izan zen Trautonium instrumentuaren lehen eta ia-ia existitu den birtuoso bakarra.
		The Trautonium is a monophonic instrument that has a fingerboard consisting of a resistance wire stretched over a metal rail marked with a chromatic scale and coupled to a neon tube oscillator valve.
	www.thebalde.net /thb15/htmlak/trautonium/trautoniumtxio.html (812 words)

	EMF Institute: Trautonium
		Built by Friedrich Trautwein in 1928 at the Hochschule für Musik in Berlin, Germany, the Trautonium was designed as a performance instrument.
		A performer pressed a finger down at a certain position on a wire to produce a tone at a particular pitch.
		Oskar Sala expanded the Trautonium to create the Mixturtrautonium and used it to compose sound effects for films, among them Hitchcock's The Birds.
	emfinstitute.emf.org /exhibits/trautonium.html (89 words)

	Oskar Sala Biography - AOL Music
		German inventor/composer Oskar Sala is best known for his role in developing the Trautonium: one of the earliest electronic instruments and a contemporary of the French Ondes Martenot and Russian theremin.
		While the Trautonium would eventually be viewed as a relic of electronic music's past, the instrument's tonal quality and expressive capabilities remain sadly unparalleled in the technology that followed.
		Born in Berlin in 1910, Oskar Sala was introduced to the Trautonium in 1929.
	music.aol.com /artist/oskar-sala/168989/biography (514 words)

	The digital Trautonium - ICMC 1994 Paper
		The digital Trautonium is the first replica of the Mixture-Trautonium in digital technique, from the whole range of data acquisition at the performance interface up to sound synthesis.
		The digital Trautonium was build after the original instrument, invented by Friedrich Trautwein in the thirties in Berlin, Germany, with enhancements made by Oskar Sala in the fifties which led to the well known Mixture-Trautonium.
		The digital Trautonium consists of the manuals, the pedals and a user interface, forming, together with an Atari ST computer and a multichannel 12 bit a/d-converter, the Trautonium controller.
	www.informatik.uni-oldenburg.de /~jgspix/TRpaperEngl/TRpaperEngl.html (1802 words)

	type_Document_Title_here
		He assisted Dr. Friedrich Trautwein in constructing the first Trautonium, and in 1930, together with Hindemith and Rudolph Schmidt, gave the premiere performance of the "Triostucke" for three Trautoniums, composed by Hindemith.
		In 1931, Sala was the soloist in Hindemith's "Konzertsuck fur Trautonium mit Begleitung des Streichorchesters".
		It should be mentioned, that a HIGH frequency for the trautonium subharmonic oscillator is needed, thus the second FET is not so important as in the original VCO3 design of Rene.
	www.geocities.com /drjmschmitz/synths/traut.htm (713 words)

	GEMA - News 162 - Oskar Sala (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Its predecessor is the trautonium developed by and named after Friedrich Trautwein and presented to the public for the first time in 1930.
		The Academy also housed the radio experimental centre where the trautonium was developed by Friedrich Trautwein, who since 1930 had worked at the experimental centre, first as a lecturer and then in 1935 as professor of musical acoustics.
		Trautwein implemented this idea: the trautonium is played via a string manual that enables the use of all string techniques such as, for example, the glissando, the vibrato or the sustaining of the sound.
	www.gema.de /engl/press/news/n162/sala.shtml (1691 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Oskar Sala
		The Mixtur-Trautonium allowed for the first time in music history the execution of sounds which had only been known in theory since the Middle Ages, but were never actually playable.
		Contains Paul Hindemith's "Langsames Stueck für Orchester und Rondo für Trautonium" ("Slow Piece for Orchestra And Rondo for Trautonium"), Sala's own compositions, dating from 1992 to 1995, and his soundtrack to "Der Wuerger von Schloss Dartmore" ("The Strangler of Castle Dartmore")
		Hindemith's "7 Triostuecke für drei Trautonien" ("7 Triopieces for three Trautonien"), "Konzertstueck fuer Trautonium und Streicher" ("Concertpiece for Trautonium And Strings") written in 1931 and rec[[orded in 1977.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Oskar_Sala (449 words)

	MY FASCINATING INSTRUMENT: Oskar Sala - DiscorD Distribution
		Hindemith ordered three specimens of Trautoniums, which were used for the first time in 1930 in the premiere performance of his Triostuecke fuer drei Trautonien.
		After the war Oskar Sala succeeded in discovering a long-sought circuit which was able to place the Trautonium on the basis of subharmonic mixtures (the subharmonic tone series results from whole sequence division of the fundamental frequency and runs in mirror image to the overtone row).
		What the trautonium possesses -and this is far more advanced than the many synthesizers available at the present time-, are its real-time possibilities and direct recourse to its parameters by turning buttons and using switches.
	www.discord.co.uk /My-Fascinating-Instrument-Oskar-Sala/EK90340 (1452 words)

	Intuitive Music » Blog Archive » Oskar Sala - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Oskar Sala learned how to master the Trautonium and on 20th June 1930 he took part along with Paul Hindemith in a public performance to introduce the instrument at the “Neue Musik Berlin 1930″ at the Berliner Musikhochschule Hall.
		During the period of Nazism in Germany the Trautwein’s laboratory was closed and the electric musi was banned.
		Sala also introduced the Trautonium in the late 60’s to the bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk.
	www.intuitivemusic.com /oskar-sala-biography (699 words)

	NPR : Master of the Trautonium
		All Things Considered, March 1, 2002 ·; German composer and physicist Oskar Sala has died at the age of 91.
		In 1929, he developed a device called the trautonium, which was billed as the first electronic musical instrument.
		Many people know its sound from its prominent part in the soundtrack to the Alfred Hitchcock's The Birds.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1139173 (119 words)

	Trautonium
		Das Trautonium ist ein elektr(on)isches Musikinstrument, dessen Ursprünge in die 20er Jahre des 20ten Jahrhunderts zurückreichen.
		The Trautonium is an electrical (electronical) musical instrument, which has it's sources in the Nineteen Twenties.
		What makes the Trautonium special is it's unique manual and the use of the subharmonics series - especially on the Mixturtrautonium.
	www.trautonium.info (128 words)

	Trautonium - Wissen im Web
		Das Trautonium, das Sala noch vor Kriegsausbruch ("Rundfunktrautonium" und "Konzerttrautonium") und später als "Mixturtrautonium" weiter entwickelte, beruhte auf der subharmonischen Tonreihe.
		Die ersten Kompositionen für Trautonium schrieb Paul Hindemith 1930 mit sieben Stücken Des kleinen Elektromusikers Lieblinge für drei Trautonien, 1931 mit dem Concertino für Trautonium und Streichorchester und 1935 mit dem Langsamen Stück und Rondo.
		Oskar Sala (1910–2002) wurde der bedeutendste Interpret des Trautoniums, das er nach der Trennung von Trautwein zum zweimanualigen Mixtur-Trautonium weiterentwickelte.
	www.wissen-im-web.de /wiki/Trautonium (485 words)

	Trautonium (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Trautonium posiadał zakres trzech oktaw, wybieranych przełącznikiem z szerszego zakresu.
		Brzmienie Trautonium dzięki temu było dużo bogatsze od wszelkich innych instrumentów tamtych czasów tak, że może być uznane za prekursora współczesnych
		Mixture Trautonium - oparte na technologii pólprzewdnikowej oraz z tak dobraną charakterystyką opornika, że byłą ona liniowa a nie wykładnicza jak w innych modelach.
	pl.efactory.pl /Trautonium (253 words)

	Oskar Sala - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		He played an instrument called the trautonium, a predecessor to the synthesizer.
		Sala was a pupil of Friedrich Trautwein, the inventor of the trautonium, and studied with Paul Hindemith in 1930 at the Berlin conservatory.
		Oskar Sala further developed the trautonium into the Mixtur-Trautonium.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Oskar_Sala (299 words)

	Oskar Sala - My Fascinating Instrument (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sala was so fascinated by the project that he began studying with Trautwein and within a very short time gained sufficient knowledge to take over development of the prototype into a playable instrument.
		Serving as a manual was a horizontally stretched wire, which was pressed against the metal rod beneath it.
		After the war Sala succeeded in discovering a long-sought circuit which was able to place the Trautonium on the basis of subharmonic mixtures (the subharmonic tone series results from whole sequence division of the fundamental frequency and runs in mirror image to the overtone row).
	music.hyperreal.org /labels/fax/info/my-fascinating-instrument.html (410 words)

	Biologie - Oskar Sala (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gemeinsam entwickelten sie das Trautonium, eines der ersten elektronischen Instrumente, Vorläufer bzw.
		Berühmte zeitgenössische Komponisten wie Hindemith, Arnold Schönberg, Richard Strauss und Arthur Honegger komponierten für das Trautonium, bezogen es in Konzerte ein oder förderten seine Entwicklung.
		Sala, Oskar: Harald Genzmer „Konzerte mit Orchester für Trautonium und Mixturtrautonium“, 1984.
	www.biologie.de /biowiki/Oskar_Sala (743 words)

	In memoriam: Oskar Sala Musical Times - Find Articles
		Not only did the score quickly disappear from circulation, but the instrument for which it was conceived - the two-manual Trautonium - failed to catch the creative imagination of composers at large with quite the same potency as its French sibling, the ondes Martenot.
		Salas reputation as the leading, indeed sole, Trautonium virtuoso was thereafter assured, at least on his native soil, but more than twenty years were to elapse before its eerie sounds reached international ears - thanks to a last-minute decision by the master of suspense.
		The original Trautonium was essentially a monophonic instrument: Indeed, it could be described as a stateof-the-art descendant of the Pythagorean monochord - a wire stretched across a fingerboard.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3870/is_200204/ai_n9043225 (903 words)

	Trautonium - Wikipedia
		Das Trautonium, benannt nach seinem Erbauer Friedrich Trautwein (* 1888, † 1956), ist als elektronisches Musikinstrument ein Pionier der heutigen Synthesizer.
		Das Trautonium wurde auf dem Berliner Fest "Neue Musik" 1930 vorgestellt.
		Oskar Sala (1910–2002) wird der bedeutendste Interpret des Trautoniums, das er mit Friedrich Trautwein zum zweimanualigen Mixtur-Trautonium weiterentwickelt.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Trautonium (376 words)

	۞ Trautonium - Infos und Erklärungen auf www.geschichteToday.de (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Das Trautonium ist eines der frühesten elektronischen Musikinstrumente und war wichtig für Paul Hindemith und einige andere Komponisten des 20.
		Die ersten Kompositionen für Trautonium schrieb Paul Hindemith 1930 mit "Sechs Stücke" für drei Trautonien und 1931 mit dem „Concertino für Trautonium und Streichorchester“.
		Oskar Sala (1910–2002) wird der bedeutendste Interpret des Trautoniums, das er mit Friedrich Trautwein zum zweimanualigen Mixtur-Trautonium weiterentwickelt.
	www.geschichtetoday.de /Trautonium (461 words)

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