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Topic: Treaties of Tianjin

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	Tianjin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Tianjin (天津 also spelt Tientsin, literally meaning "Heavenly Port") is a municipalities and an important harbour city in China on the Hai He river (from Beijing) and Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea (Pacific Ocean).
		Tianjin is at the northern end of the Grand Canal of China, which connects with the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers.
		Tianjin borders Hebei province and Beijing and the Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/t/ti/tianjin.html (236 words)

	Tianjin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tianjin Municipality borders Hebei province to the north, south, and west; the municipality of Beijing in a small portion to the northwest; and Bohai Gulf to the east.
		Tianjin Municipality is generally flat, and swampy near the coast, but hilly in the far north, where the Yanshan Mountains pass through the tip of northern Tianjin.
		Tianjin's climate is characterized by hot, humid summers, due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winters, due to the Siberian anticyclone.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tianjin (2880 words)

	Tianjin
		Tianjin was established as a municipality of China in 1927.
		Tianjin's climate is characterized by hot, humid summer s, due to the monsoon, and dry, cold winter s, due to the Siberia n anticyclone.
		Tianjin is also famous for Zhang's clay figurine s (S: æ³¥äººå¼ / T: æ³¥äººå¼µ) which are a type of colourful figurine depicting a variety of vivid characters; while Tianjin's Wei's kite s (S: é£çé / T: é¢¨ç®é), which can be folded to a fraction of their full sizes, are noted for portability.
	www.destination-luxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Tianjin (2653 words)

	Tianjin - Wikipedia
		Tianjin (天津 previously spelled Tientsin), literally meaning "Heavenly Port," is an important harbour city in China on the Hai He river (from Beijing) and Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea (Pacific Ocean).
		Tianjin is one of four independent municipalities in China and as such does not belong to any province (see Tianjin Municipality).
		The city was opened to foreign trade in June 1858, at the end of the first part of the Second Opium War, when the Treaties of Tianjin[?] were signed.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ti/Tianjin.html (117 words)

	Tianjin - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In that year, the Emperor Yongle renamed the city "Tianjin", literally "Heaven Ford", to mean that the emperor (son of heaven) forded the river at that point, as he indeed did earlier on his way to taking the throne forcibly from his nephew.
		The treaties were ratified by the Emperor of China in 1860, and Tianjin was formally opened.
		Tianjin is also famous for Zhang's clay figurines (S: 泥人张 / T: 泥人張) which are a type of colourful figurine depicting a variety of vivid characters; while Tianjin's Wei's kites (S: 风筝魏 / T: 風箏魏), which can be folded to a fraction of their full sizes, are noted for portability.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Tianjin (2707 words)

	Treaty of Tientsin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaties of Tientsin (Traditional Chinese: 天津條約 Simplified Chinese: 天津条约, Pinyin: Tiānjīn Tiáoyuē) were signed in Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860).
		These treaties opened eleven more Chinese ports (see Treaty of Nanjing) to the foreigners, permitted foreign legations in Beijing, allow Christian missionary activity, and legalised the import of opium.
		They were ratified by the Emperor of China in the Beijing Convention in 1860, after the end of the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaties_of_Tianjin (302 words)

	Treaty of Nanjing
		The Treaty of Nanjing is the agreement which ended the First Opium War between Britain and China.
		The treaty also ensured the continuance of the opium trade, which was profitable for the English and which many historians believe to have been devastating to the Chinese.
		In June 1858 the first part of the Second Opium War ended with the Treaties of Tianjin[?], to which France, Russia, and the United States were party.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tr/Treaty_of_Nanjing.html (146 words)

	Tianjin - Gurupedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Tianjin was established as a county in 1731.
		President of the United States, was working in Tianjin at the time as chief engineer in the Chinese government's imperial bureau of mines, and together with fellow engineers built a protective wall against the attackers and risked his own life rescuing Chinese children.
		Tianjin is at the northern end of the Grand Canal of China, which connects with the Huang He and
	www.gurupedia.com /t/ti/tianjin.htm (700 words)

	Treaties of Tianjin, 1858, 1860
		It is interesting to note that Buddhist temple on the outskirts of Tianjin was chosen for the signing of the treaties, and not an official building of the imperial government in the city itself.
		Since the first Treaty of Tianjin in 1858, tobacco for example is duty free.
		The Treaty was signed by Lord Elgin, Earl Kincardine and Prince Kung, the 27 year old brother of the emperor Xianfeng, who himself had fled Beijing and had left negotiations to the younger Prince.
	wason.library.cornell.edu /Tianjin/treaties.html (1053 words)

	Tianjin - China Tour - Travel to China
		Tianjin (zh-cp c=天津 p=tiān jīn; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is a harbour municipality of Chinamunicipality in China on the Hai He River (from Beijing) and Bohai Gulf of the Yellow Sea (Pacific Ocean).
		Tianjin is one of four independent municipalities in the People's Republic of China with Political divisions of Chinaprovincial-level status.
		Tianjin is divided into 18 Political divisions of China#County levelcounty-level divisions, including 15 district of Chinadistricts and 3 county of Chinacounties.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Tianjin (1708 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Treaties of Tianjin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Treaties of Tientsin (天津條約) were signed in Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860).
		Tianjin in June 1858, ending the first part of the
		Tianjin is at the northen end of the Grand Canal of China, which connects with the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Treaties-of-Tianjin (259 words)

	Tianjin
		Tianjin (Chinese: 天津; Hanyu Pinyin: Tiānjīn; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the People's Republic of China.
		Between 1895 and 1900 Britain and France were joined by the empires of Japan, Germany and Russia, and even by countries without other Chinese concessions such as Austria-Hungary, Italy and Belgium, in establishing self-contained concessions in Tianjin, each with its own prisons, schools, barracks and hospitals.
		In December 1946, the rape of a Beiping (now Beijing) female university student by an American soldier, together with a series of rapes that had previously occurred in Tianjin, sparked protests in Tianjin that culminated in a demonstration on January 1, 1947 involving thousands of students.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/ti/tianjin.html (2753 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia â“ Free Online Encyclopedia for Reference, Research, Facts
		China, unable to withstand modern arms, was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843).
		British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and compelled the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also party.
		The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, concluded the hostilities.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printable.aspx?id=1E1:OpiumWar (362 words)

	Treaties of Tianjin - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Treaties of Tianjin were discussed, when British and French army troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin, forcing China to sign the treaty of Tianjin.
		In June 1858 the first part of the Second Opium War (1856-1860) ended with the Treaties of Tianjin, to which France, Russia, and the United States were party.
		These treaties opened eleven more ports to the foreigners, permitted foreign legations in Beijing, allow Christian missionary activity, and legalised the import of opium.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Treaties_of_Tianjin (157 words)

	Tianjin Biography,info
		Having a thousand of western stylized houses and masonries, built between 1860 and 1940, the municipality of Tianjin undertakes today their rehabilitation.
		In the middle of the XIX century, Tianjin location draws the interest of European countries.
		Thanks to enormous public works and investment, Tianjin will be a much more nicer city in 2008 as it was in the thirties.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Tianjin (2865 words)

	Tianjin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Tianjin is divided into 18, including 15 districts and 3 counties.
		These districts and counties are further subdivided into 241, including 120 towns, 18 townships, 2 ethnic townships and 101 subdistricts.
		There is a term for the stereotype of the always-eloquent and sometimes-humorous Tianjin native: (卫嘴子), which translates roughly as "the Tianjin mouth".
	spellster.com /s/tianjin (2197 words)

	history4b
		With each new loss, the Chinese were forced to sign humiliating and unfair treaties with the enemy.
		The loss of the Opium War in 1842 brought with it the Treaty of Nanking which obliged China to give Hong Kong to the British, pay huge indemnities, open ports for trade, keep tariffs below 5%, provide British subjects with extraterritoriality and also gave them the Most favored Nation privilege.
		The Treaties of Tianjin (1858), Shimonoseki (1895), the Convention of Beijing (1860), the Boxer Protocol (1901), all followed, each more devastating to the Chinese economy than the previous.
	www.cyberport.uqam.ca /english/countries/china/history4b.htm (570 words)

	Vietnam
		Eventually China was defeated and forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing (1842) and the British Supplementary Treaty of the Bogue (1843).
		British and French troops took Guangzhou and Tianjin and forced the Chinese to accept the treaties of Tianjin (1858), to which France, Russia, and the United States were also participants.
		The Beijing conventions of 1860, by which China was forced to reaffirm the terms of the Treaty of Tianjin and make additional concessions, marked the end of the second Opium War.
	www.jfkmontreal.com /vietnam.htm (7174 words)

	Nimbin HEMP Embassy
		Napoleon hoped to stop Russian hemp from reaching England, thereby destroying Britains navy by forcing it to cannibalise sails, ropes and rigging from other ships; Napoleon belived that Britain, starved of hemp, would be forced to end its blockade of France and the continent.
		The Hague treaty of 1912 was 'as leaky as a sieve' because it allowed the states to determine for themselves when and how they would fulfil their obligations with regard to opium, which of course kept the use of opium legal until that time.
		Australia is party to these treaties and has similar laws, though some Australian states have altered or are thinking of altering them.
	www.hempembassy.net /hempe/worldhistory.html (6277 words)

	Taku Forts - China-related Topics TA-TD - China-Related Topics
		The first fort was built during the reign of the Ming DynastyMing Emperor, Jiajing EmperorJiajing, between 1522 and 1527.
		Its purpose was to protect Tianjin from foreign invasions.
		In 1859, after China refused to allow the setting up of Foreign legations in Beijing, a naval force under the command of Admiral Sir James Hope attacked the forts guarding the mouth of the Peiho river.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Taku_Forts (440 words)

	Diocesan Delegation to China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Protestant missionaries first came to China in the beginning of the 19th century.
		Following the second Opium War, more missioners came to China and moved to the interior, since the treaties of Tianjin forced China to allow missionary work.
		The National Episcopal Church established the American Church Mission in Shanghai in 1845, with the Rt.
	eny.dioceseny.org /0504/China1.html (871 words)

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