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Topic: Treaty of Alliance (1778)

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	The Avalon Project : Treaty of Alliance Between The United States and France; February 6, 1778<
		Treaty of Alliance Between The United States and France; February 6, 1778
		The essential and direct End of the present defensive alliance is to maintain effectually the liberty, Sovereignty, and independance absolute and unlimited of the said united States, as well in Matters of Gouvernement as of commerce.
		The contracting Parties declare, that being resolved to fulfil each on its own Part the clauses and conditions of the present Treaty of alliance, according to its own power and circumstances, there shall be no after claim of compensation on one side or the other whatever may be the event of the War.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/france/fr1788-2.htm (533 words)

	Treaty of Alliance with France: Primary Documents of American History (Virtual Programs & Services, Library of ...
		The Treaty of Alliance with France was signed on February 6, 1778, creating a military alliance between the United States and France against Great Britain.
		In addition to the Treaty of Alliance, the Treaty of Amity and Commerce with France was signed on February 6, 1778, promoting trade and commercial ties between the two countries.
		The signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and of Alliance between France and the United States is captured in a photograph of a painting by Charles E. Mills.
	www.loc.gov /rr/program/bib/ourdocs/alliance.html (778 words)

	Treaty of Alliance (1778): Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		More than 150,000,000,000 pieces of mail are delivered each year in the U.S! Treaty of Alliance (1778)
		The Treaty of Alliance of (1778) resulted from the success of American forces in the Battle of Saratoga.
		The Treaty was abrogated in late 1799 after the XYZ affair.
	www.encyclopedian.com /tr/Treaty-of-Alliance-(1778).html (118 words)

	Treaty of Fort Pitt (1778) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The treaty gave the United States permission to travel through Delaware territory and called for the Delawares to afford American troops whatever aid they might require in their war against Britain, including the use of their own warriors.
		The treaty also recognized the Delawares as a sovereign nation and guaranteed their territorial rights, even encouraging the other Ohio Country Indian tribes friendly to the United States to form a state headed by the Delawares with representation in Congress.
		Signers of the treaty were White Eyes, Captain Pipe, and John Kill Buck (Gelelemend) for the Lenape, and Andrew Lewis and Thomas Lewis for the Americans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Fort_Pitt_(1778) (503 words)

	2003 Celebrations of the 225th Anniversary of the 1778 French-American Alliance Treaty
		The signing of the Franco-American treaties was commemorated in Paris by a series of formal ceremonies organized by The State Society in France of the Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) [Société des Fils de La Révolution Américaine, Branche Française].
		The 1778 Treaty of Alliance between France and the American rebels was of significant importance in the winning of American Independence.
		With some irony, the very celebration of the 1778 Alliance and its reception in the newly emerging nation of the United States is almost a perfect focus for reflection upon the frustrations being experienced 225 years later.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/2003.htm (2180 words)

	Who terminates a treaty? \| thebulletin.org
		By implication, treaties may not be terminated without the consent of the Senate or both houses of Congress.
		Because neither an alliance nor de-recognition of another state is at issue in the ABM Treaty, the 1979 appellate court decision would be even less relevant to a presidential effort to kill the 1972 treaty.
		The 1972 text stipulates that the treaty "shall be of unlimited duration." But if "extraordinary events" related to the treaty jeopardize either side's "supreme interests," either may withdraw from the treaty after giving six months' notice.
	www.thebulletin.org /article.php?art_ofn=nd01clemens (2105 words)

	Icethreads
		The Treaty of Alliance with France in 1778 is one of the many important documents that shaped the United States as a nation.
		On February 6, 1778 the Treaty of Alliance was signed between France and the Untied States of America.
		The Treaty of Alliance with France ranks as one of the most important documents to this country along with the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
	www.schools.manatee.k12.fl.us /072kadkins/ahbykyle/final_exam.html (293 words)

	1778 - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		1775 1776 1777 - 1778 - 1779 1780 1781
		1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar).
		February 6 - American Revolutionary War: In Paris the Treaty of Alliance and the Treaty of Amity and Commerce are signed by the United States and France signaling official recognition of the new republic.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/1778 (607 words)

	Today in History: February 6
		The Signing of the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and of Alliance between France and the United States,
		On February 6, 1778, France and the fledgling United States of America signed the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance in Paris, France.
		The Treaty of Amity and Commerce recognized the United States as an independent nation and promoted trade between France and the United States.
	memory.loc.gov /ammem/today/feb06.html (515 words)

	Treaty of Paris: Benjamin Franklin: In His Own Words... (AmericanTreasures of the Library of Congress)
		In this idealized version of Franklin's appearance at the Court in Versailles on March 20, 1778, King Louis XVI avowed the treaty of alliance between France and the United States by formally receiving the American commissioners.
		Benjamin Franklin was one of the American Commissioners in France who negotiated the Treaty of Paris with Great Britain ending the American Revolutionary War and securing the United States ownership of a vast territory between the Atlantic coast and the Mississippi River.
		Several weeks before the Treaty of Paris, Franklin arranged for the translation and publication of the thirteen state constitutions along with other founding documents and treaties of commerce and alliance.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/treasures/franklin-treaty.html (431 words)

	NRILinks.com : American History - Formation of A National Government
		According to the Franco-American Treaty of Alliance of 1778, the United States and France were perpetual allies, and America was obliged to help France defend the West Indies.
		On April 22, 1793, Washington effectively abrogated the terms of the 1778 treaty that made American independence possible by proclaiming the United States to be "friendly and impartial toward the belligerent powers." When Genet arrived, he was cheered by many citizens, but treated with cool formality by the government.
		These domestic difficulties were compounded by international complications: France, angered by Jay's recent treaty with Britain, used the British argument that food supplies, naval stores and war materiel bound for enemy ports were subject to seizure by the French navy.
	www.nrilinks.com /usa/History/ch4_5.htm (997 words)

	The Mariners' Museum : Birth of the U.S. Navy
		The first was the Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France, signed on February 6, 1778.
		The second treaty signed with France was the Treaty of Amity and Commerce between the United States and France on February 6, 1778.
		This treaty set up the trade agreements that were to govern commercial interests between the soon-to-be-independent American states and the kingdom of France.
	www.mariner.org /usnavy/05/05a.htm (414 words)

	EDSITEment - Lesson Plan
		The alliance with France was critical to the American victory.
		It was also one of the primary reasons behind the British decision in 1778 to withdraw from Philadelphia and focus operations on the South.
		Treaty of Alliance between the United States and France, 1778
	edsitement.neh.gov /view_lesson_plan.asp?id=680 (2926 words)

	Franco-American Alliance
		The French-American Alliance was based upon a treaty between the American rebels and France signed in 1778.
		This Alliance had an 'effective life', as being of mutual value and supported by both consigning nations, from 1778 to 1783 (5 years).
		The story of this special alliance -- the only political alliance the United States entered in to during the first 173 years of existence -- is more complex than is suggested in the many casual references to it in the general accounts of the American Revolution.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/alliance.htm (391 words)

	Treaty of Alliance (1778) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty of Alliance of 1778 was a treaty between France and the United States, that was signed in Paris by American and French officials on February 6, 1778.
		The Treaty also stated that neither America nor France would conclude treaties with other nations unless diplomats from both countries were present during negotiations.
		It was only mutually beneficial for five years, from 1778 to 1783; and was abrogated in late 1799 after the notorious XYZ Affair.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Alliance_(1778) (280 words)

	Treaty of Alliance with France (1778)
		On May 4, 1778, the Continental Congress discussed two treaties with the French that had been signed in Paris by American and French officials on February 6, 1778.
		And his majesty and the said United States, having resolved, in that case, to join their counsels and efforts against the enterprises of their common enemy, the respective plenipotentiaries empowered to concert the clauses and conditions proper to fulfil the said intentions, have, after the most mature deliberation, concluded and determined on the following articles.
		The essential and direct end of the present defensive alliance is, to maintain effectually the liberty, sovereignty, and independence absolute and unlimited of the said United States, as well in matters of government as of commerce.
	www.classbrain.com /artteenst/publish/article_31.shtml (434 words)

	PERSPECTIVE on the FRENCH-AMERICAN ALLIANCE
		Second was a Treaty of Alliance, which contained the political provisions of the agreement.
		Some held that the alliance continued, as there was no limit specified in the treaty of 1778.
		There is a distinction between a formal treaty, with its exact dates and wording, and an 'alliance' which might be less specific and reflect only an emotional association.
	xenophongroup.com /mcjoynt/allianc2.htm (4712 words)

	Treaty of Paris of 1783
		Under the terms of the treaty, Britain recognized the independent nation of the United States of America.
		The treaty also set new borders for the United States, including all land from the Great Lakes on the north to Florida on the south, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River.
		Note: The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War.
	www.socialstudiesforkids.com /wwww/us/treatyofparis1783def.htm (165 words)

	The Ultimate Timeline of United States diplomatic history - American History Information Guide and Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		1778- Treaty of Alliance (1778)- As a result of Battle of Saratoga, France and US agreed to come to each others aid in event of British attack from the present time and forever, abrogated in late 1799 after XYZ Affair.
		1819- Adams-Onis Treaty- Spain ceded Florida to US for $5,000,000 (after Florida was invaded by Andrew Jackson with unclear approval of President Monroe on the pretense of suppressing Seminole Indian raids), US agreed to assume claims against Spain, US gave up claims to Texas.
		1850- Clayton-Bulwer Treaty- US and Britain agreed both nations were not to colonize or control any Central American republic, neither nation would seek exclusive control of Isthmian canal, if canal built protected by both nations for neutrality and security.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/United_States_diplomatic_history (1797 words)

	Our Documents - Home
		The Lee Resolution contained three parts: a declaration of independence, a call to form foreign alliances, and "a plan for confederation." The document that is included on page 22 is the complete resolution in Richard Henry Lee's handwriting.
		Because many members of the Congress believed action such as Lee proposed to be premature or wanted instructions from their colonies before voting, approval was deferred until July 2.
		The plan for making treaties was not approved until September of 1776; the plan of confederation was delayed until November of 1777.
	ourdocuments.gov /doc.php?flash=true&doc=4 (298 words)

	From Revolution to Reconstruction: Outlines: American History (2005): Chapter Four: Citizen Genet and Foreign Policy ...
		According to the Franco-American Treaty of Alliance of 1778, the United States and France were perpetual allies, and the United States was obliged to help France defend the West Indies.
		Jay negotiated a treaty that secured withdrawal of British soldiers from western forts but allowed the British to continue the fur trade with the Indians in the Northwest.
		Citizen Genet's antics and Jay's Treaty demonstrated both the difficulties faced by a small weak nation caught between two great powers and the wide gap in outlook between Federalists and Republicans.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/H/2005/ch4_p9.htm (634 words)

	Quasi-War With France
		In an effort to resolve differences with France that had accumulated between the two nations since the Treaty of Alliance of 1778, President John Adams dispatched a commission of three men to meet with French Minister of Foreign Affairs Talleyrand in 1797.
		The American public was outraged at publication of the dispatches, and Congress enacted a series of measures to raise an army and authorize a Navy Department.
		Although the Franco-American negotiations were initially deadlocked, France finally agreed to cancel the Treaty of Alliance of 1778 if the United States dropped financial claims resulting from recent seizures of American merchant shipping.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/time/nr/16318.htm (464 words)

	Day 8
		The 1778 Treaty of Alliance and an explanation-
		Have the fourth group discuss the Treaty of Alliance and its importance to the American cause.
		From there have the students write their own Treaties of Alliance based on the terms discussed in class.
	www.thecoo.edu /~masemm/day_8.htm (659 words)

	The Battle of Yorktown
		His successors decided that it was no longer in Britain's best interest to continue the war, and by November of 1782, the Treaty of Paris, in which Britain recognized the United States and promised to remove all its troops from the country, had been written.
		The original French-American treaty of alliance stated that the two countries would not negotiate for peace separately.
		When the terms of the treaty were finalized, Vergennes could only marvel at how well the Americans had negotiated without his help.
	members.aol.com /spursfan50/davidallen/yorktown.htm (714 words)

	Articles of Confederation - 1778
		No two or more States shall enter into any treaty, confederation or alliance whatever between them, without the consent of the United States in Congress assembled, specifying accurately the purposes for which the same is to be entered into, and how long it shall continue.
		No State shall lay any imposts or duties, which may interfere with any stipulations in treaties, entered into by the United States in Congress assembled, with any King, Prince or State, in pursuance of any treaties already proposed by Congress, to the courts of France and Spain.
		The taxes for paying that proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority and direction of the legislatures of the several States within the time agreed upon by the United States in Congress assembled.
	ahp.gatech.edu /confederation_1778.html (547 words)

	Treaty of Alliance
		Treaty of Alliance with France, 1778; International Treaties and Related Records, 1778-1974; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives
		The two contracting parties shall each on its own part, and in the manner it may judge most proper, make all the efforts in its power against their common enemy, in order to attain the end proposed.
		Neither of the two parties shall conclude either truce or peace with Great Britain without the formal consent of the other first obtained; and they mutually engage not to lay down their arms until the in.
	www.infoplease.com /t/hist/treaty-of-alliance (461 words)

	Revolutionary War - March to Yorktown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		With the forthcoming celebration of the Treaty of Alliance, (February 1778) and the establishment of the Washington-Rochambeau National Trail, it was thought that revisiting that historic march from New Windsor, New York and Newport, Rhode Island to Yorktown, would be in order.
		The French Army, sent to assist General Washington as a result of the Treaty of Alliance arrived in Newport, Rhode Island on July 10th, 1780.
		It is a certainty that the victory would not have been achieved without the intervention of the French fleet and the help of the French army.
	www.sons-of-liberty-sar.org /yorktown.html (2446 words)

	Our Documents - Treaty of Alliance with France (1778)
		Citation: Treaty of Alliance with France, 1778; International Treaties and Related Records, 1778-1974; General Records of the United States Government, Record Group 11; National Archives.
		The American Colonies and France signed this military treaty on February 6, 1778.
		According to this first military treaty of the new nation, the United States would provide for a defensive alliance to aid France should England attack, and neither France nor the United States would make peace with England until the independence of the United States was recognized.
	ourdocuments.gov /doc.php?flash=true&doc=4 (155 words)

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