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Topic: Treaty of Amritsar

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	Treaty Of 1819 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A treaty is a binding agreement under international law concluded by subjects of international law, namely states and international organizations.
		Texts of treaties in Html and Word format, as well as explanatory reports, which are...
		The responsibility for concluding treaties involving the United Kingdom lies with the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs.
	www.holiday-villas-in-orlando.co.uk /orlando/treaty_of_1819.html (413 words)

	Kashmir: Legal Documents
		The treaty between the British Government on the one part and Maharajah Gulab Singh of Jammu on the other concluded on the part of the British Government by Frederick Currie, Esq.
		Maharajah Gulab Singh acknowledges the supremacy of the British Government and will in token of such supremacy present annually to the British Government one horse, twelve shawl goats of approved breed (six male and six female) and three pairs of Cashmere shawls.
		Sir Henry Hardinge, Governor-General, on the part of the British Government and by Maharajah Gulab Singh in person, and the said Treaty has been this day ratified by the seal of the Rt.
	www.kashmir-information.com /LegalDocs/TreatyofAmritsar.html (492 words)

	D. South and Southeast Asia, 1753-1914. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Maratha leaders, angered by the Treaty of Bassein (1802), which made the Peshwa a subsidiary ally, opened hostilities.
		Treaty of Amritsar fixed the river Sutlej as northwestern boundary of the company's territories, checking the advance of a Sikh confederacy under Ranjit Singh (d.
		To curb French expansion in Asia, Minto made treaties with Sind, Persia, and Afghanistan, and captured the French islands in the Indian Ocean and Java, which was under French control (Bourbon was later restored to France and Java to the Dutch).
	www.bartleby.com /67/1394.html (1312 words)

	:Gateway to Sikhism
		And, it is this basic difference which some of the scholars ignore.Whereas the appeal of the Amritsar Singh Sabha was mostly confined to the personal pockets of influence of its leaders, that of the Lahore Singh Sabha went further and touched the hearts of the general mass of the community.
		The British Government's actions at Amritsar set the tone of "Dyerachy" for the rest of the povince in which the Sikhs were the worst sufferers of the ruthless repression and suppression carried on by the Government.
		The Sikh shrines, particularly the Darbar Sahib, Amritsar, continue since the times of the Gurus to be the fount of Sikh power and inspiration.Under the leadership of the Akalis, the Sikhs came into an open clash with the Government, first for the liberation of their shrines and then for the liberation of their motherland.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /articles/sikhs_and_the_british.htm (12892 words)

	Amritsar -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Amritsar is the largest and most important city in Punjab and is a major commercial, cultural, and transportation centre.
		Located northeast of Amritsar, Batala is an agricultural marketplace and industrial centre.
		The SGPC at Amritsar is the general governing body of Sikhism.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9007272 (789 words)

	LAPAHIE.com 2.8 \ Navajo Timeline - Spaniard Era (1751 - 1820)
		By the Treaty of Fontainebleau, France secretly ceded some of the Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi to Spain, to keep it from falling under British control.
		Treaty of San Lorenzo between Spain and the U.S. established a Florida boundary and gave U.S. right of navigation on the Mississippi River.
		Violation of the treaty terms would be interpreted as a declaration of war and would lead to the annihilation of the entire Navajo nation.
	www.lapahie.com /Timeline_Spanish_1751_1820.cfm (16979 words)

	Amritsar, Treaty of -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Here again secret war-aims treaties reflected Allied ambitions in the Middle East, but Wilson was less willing to challenge them given his belief that the Arab peoples were not ready for self-rule.
		The Treaty of Washington, signed on May 8, 1871, dealt with the Alabama claims issue between the...
		According to modern diplomatic usage, the term treaty is confined to particularly significant international agreements.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9007274 (784 words)

	Central Asia Lexicon
		Treaty signed by Abdur Rahman and Sir Mortimer Durand, the foreign secretary of the colonial government of India.
		The treaty was renounced by Duleep Singh in 1885 during the Pandjeh crisis.
		This treaty was viewed as a serious threat to India, given the apparent ambitions of both countries in Central Asia, in general, and India in particular.
	www.billbuxton.com /lexicon.html (3124 words)

	Maharaja Ranjit Singh : Gateway to Sikhism
		In 1807 the Treaty of Silsit was signed between Napoleon and the Czar of Russia, Alexander I. Thereafter, Russia began to extend her influence in Persia and Afghanistan.
		By the time Metcalfe arrived in Amritsar for negotiating a treaty on September 19, 1808 there was a striking change in European politics.
		Therefore he signed the Treaty of Amritsar on April 25, 1809 with the British government which confined his territory to the south bank of the river Sutlej with exclusion of a strip of territory on the south bank in which he was bound not to place troops.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /ranjit/ranjit13.htm (2072 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Amritsar
		Amritsar, city in northern India, in Punjab State, near Lahore, Pakistan.
		The city, surrounded by a fertile region where grain, sugarcane, and cotton...
		Amritsar Massacre, the shooting of unarmed Indian demonstrators by the British army on April 13, 1919, an incident that contributed to the downfall...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Amritsar.html (99 words)

	The Kashmiri mind
		Huttenback describes how the Treaty came to be concluded and the bitter regrets it caused all round; the tightening of British control over the state; British conquest of Hunza, Nagar and Chitral, the "Great Game" between Britain and Russia in the Pamirs and political developments in Kashmir from 1901-1947 as recorded in British archives.
		The Treaty of Lahore (March 9, 1846) made the Sikh State a British tributary and imposed on it an indemnity of Rs.1.5 crores.
		It was reduced to Rs.75 lakhs a week later by the Treaty of Amritsar, with the British occupying Kulu and Manali.
	www.hinduonnet.com /fline/fl2123/stories/20041119000307500.htm (4286 words)

	Faridkot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The older brother, Sardar Jodh Singh Brar, retained control of Kot Kapura, and his younger brother, Sardar Hamir Singh Brar, was given Faridkot.
		The state was captured in 1803 by Ranjit Singh, but was one of the Cis-Sutlej states that came under British influence after the 1809 Treaty of Amritsar.
		During the Sikh wars in 1845, Raja Pahar Singh aided the British, and was rewarded with an increase of territory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Faridkot (236 words)

	Rule of Sarkar Khalsa
		He defeated the expansionist son of Abdali, named Zaman Shah in a battle between Lahore and Amritsar.
		Now it was time for Ranjit singh to declare himself the Maharaja of Punjab and treats all his subjects Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs equally.
		Ranjit Singh took Amritsar from them and Jagirs and lands in other places.
	www.sikh-history.com /sikhhist/events/skhalsa.html (1307 words)

	Panun Kashmir: A Homeland for Kashmiri Pandits
		After the defeat of Sikhs, two treaties: treaty of Lahore 9-3-1846 between Sikhs and the British and treaty of Amritsar between Gulab Singh and the British were concluded.
		Maharaja Gulab Singh was recognized as the independent ruler of all territories in his possession and the valley of Kashmir which was transferred to him on payment of Rs 75 Lakh on account of war indemnity on behalf of Sikhs to the British.
		It is a misnomer to call Treaty of Amritsar 1846 a Sale-deed as was done by National Conference in 1946.Infact in nineteenth century similar treaties were executed by the East India Company with the Princely rulers of India.
	www.panunkashmir.org /geog-stat-imp.html (2306 words)

	The Second Anglo Maratha War
		Marquess Wellesley's attempts to bring these states into his `subsidiary' system were unsuccessful, and civil war among the Marathas resulted in the utter defeat of the Peshwa's forces by Holkar at the battle of Poona (25 October 1802).
		Baji Rao II fled to British protection, and by the Treaty of Bassein formed an alliance with the British, ceding territory for the maintenance of a subsidiary force, and agreeing to treat with no other power.
		After the Treaty of Amritsar with British which simply stated that the International boundry of line between the Sarkar Khalsa and British India is Satluj.
	www.indhistory.com /anglo-maratha-war-2.html (951 words)

	Kashmir's struggle for freedom
		India's justification of her invasion on 27th October 1947 was based on the fact that Indian leaders were able to persuade the autocratic ruler of Kashmir to sign a temporary 'Instrument of Accession 'in her favour just a day earlier.
		In order to save his crown he is said to have signed this temporary "Accession Treaty" drawn up by India which gave her powers to enter Kashmir.
		The Governor General of India, Lord Mountbatten, however, made it clear that the treaty was subject to a later ratification by the people of JandK which never took place.
	www.geocities.com /CapitolHill/Lobby/8215/struggle.html (1310 words)

	Indian History Congress - Inaugural address (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We are told that after thousands of monks were put to the sword, the great Buddhist library of Nalanda burned for six months, as did the glittering capital of the Vijayanagar empire.
		Indeed we still have numerous shrines such as the Dargah Sharief at Ajmer, Vaishno Devi in Jammu and the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar which are visited annually by millions of devotees regardless of their religious persuasions.
		The Treaty of Amritsar in 1846 culminating in the founding of the multi-ethnic, multi-linguistic, multi-religious and multi-regional state of Jammu and Kashmir has often been portrayed negatively, whereby a grave injustice has been done to the Dogra community.
	www.karansingh.com /articles/inaug.htm (2393 words)

	The Story of Kashmir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Subsequently, the English by the treaty of Amritsar concluded on March 16, 1846, transferred and made over for ever in "independent possession" to Maharaja Gulab Singh and heirs male of his body, Kashmir and Hazara, including Chamb for 75 lakhs of Rupees.
		This was a movement for the separation of Kashmir from the JandK State created by the sagacious genius of Maharaja Gulab Singh and nurtured by the blood of 30,000 Dogras during a span of 100 years.
		Treaty of Amritsar was the corner stone on which the edifice of JandK State was built and Quit Kashmir movement launched by Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah wanted to dynamite that edifice.
	www.enel.ucalgary.ca /~kanagasa/index_files/kashmir.html (8979 words)

	Time-Line
		The intent is to compile a time-line that documents the chronology of significant events, with appropriate annotation, relative to the exploration of history of the region.
		Treaty of Segauli (I believe signed on November 28 1815 but not ratified by Nepalese until March, 1816) ceded territories of Kumaon and Garhwal in western Nepal to the British, giving them their first common border with Tibet.
		Followed 1 week later by Treaty of Amritsar, which granted included territories of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh to Gulab Singh.
	www.billbuxton.com /timeline.html (1503 words)

	Treaty of Amritsar
		Treaty of Amritsar related books, DVDs, Music at Amazon
		Treaty of Amritsar related discount products at Discount Hunter
		Treaty of Amritsar new and used at eBay
	www.articlesgalore.com /documents/Treaty_of_Amritsar (293 words)

	The Kashmir T E L E G R A P H
		In 1846, when Kashmir was ceded to Dogra King under the Treaty of Amritsar with British Government – all the three regions of Jammu, Ladakh and Kashmir came under a single administrative control of the autocratic regime of Maharaja Gulab Singh.
		Thus, historically there is no ambiguity in the factual position that the three distinct regions of the state of Jammu and Kashmir were conglomerated under a single geo-political boundary only in 1846.
		Taking advantage of the political movement in India against the British Government, the Kashmiri Muslims formed an organisation known as Anjuman-e-Islamia in 1924 with a slogan to scrap Amritsar Treaty under which Kashmir was ceded to the Kingdom of Dogra clan.
	kashmirtelegraph.com /trifur.htm (2599 words)

	Punjab Online: Historical Figures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		As a wise diplomat he did not choose the path of conflict with British because he knew their military prowess from the fact that they had already gained victory against Tipu Sultan in Mysore and had overpowered Marathas.
		This resulted into Treaty of Amritsar signed on 25th April, 1809.
		This brought about his understanding with the British that the East India Company would not interfere north of Satluj and the Maharaja was left in possession of his territories in south of the river.
	www.punjabonline.com /servlet/library.figures?Action=Ranjit (617 words)

	Daily Excelsior... Editorial
		Much hullabaloo has been raised about the Treaty of Amritsar made on 16 March, 1846 by which the State of Jammu and Kashmir and other areas were given to Gulab Singh.
		By the Treaty of Lahore (9 March, 1846) the Sikhs were required to relinquish the Jallandhar Doab and both the banks of Sutluj river and to pay an indeminity of Rs 1.5 crores.
		Then the Treaty of Amritsar was made on 16th March, 1846 by which the State of Jammu and Kashmir and other areas were given to Gulab Singh, who already had conquered much of the areas of Jammu and frontier regions.
	www.dailyexcelsior.com /00oct07/edit.htm (6348 words)

	In the mirror of history (GreaterKashmir.com) 17/9/2005 : 10:32:39 PM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		This is borne out by the treaty signed between him and Tibetan Government in (1S42).
		This treaty guaranteed to the state the right to levy its own customs and establishing reciprocity of relations with regard to transit duties.
		Before the treaty of Amritsar, (1846) Maharaja Gulab Singh had conquered and annexed to his principality of Jammu, the tract comprising the Jammu province and also the entire provinces of Ladakh and Baltistan which were about 45000 Sq.
	www.greaterkashmir.com /full_story.asp?ItemID=9190&cat=12 (831 words)

	Britain, Don’t do it again to us — Kashmiris (by Shams Rehman) - Media Monitors Network
		According to this treaty Kashmir was transferred in independent possession of Raja Gulab Singh and the heir male of his body’.
		The treaty was also signed and sealed by H. Hardinge.
		August when all treaties between the princely states and the British Crown were lapsed, to the 1
	www.mediamonitors.net /shamsrehman2.html (3837 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Punjab
		The tussle between Mr Sadhu Singh, MLA from Amloh, and the Punjab Minister for Public Health and Panchayats, Mr Jasjit Singh Randhawa, took a new turn as the MLA convened a meeting of the members of the Panchayat Samiti of Amloh and his supporters on August 19 to discuss the further course of action.
		The Pakistan MPs, who returned today to their country, favoured the early signing of an extradition treaty for the deportion of hardcore criminals in both countries.
		To mitigate the sufferings of the persons who were killed or maimed during ‘Operation Prakram’ in the border belt of Amritsar and Gurdaspur districts, the Army authorities today distributed Rs 6.12 lakh, one-month of the ex gratia compensation announced by the Ministry of Defence.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2003/20030817/punjab.htm (1259 words)

	Gateway to Sikhism :Today in Sikh History - 26th January
		Sikhs entered the Union of Indian assured of their now legal right to an independent nation but the past fifty years have seen successive Indian and British government deny Sikhs a right to self-determination.
		The first four were the Sikh states under the sovereignty of Maharaja Ranjit Singh and were brought under British protection by the 1809 treaty of Amritsar.
		The Sarbat Khalsa, gathered together at Akal Takht Sahib, Amritsar resolved to establish a sovereign State, Khalistan and elected a Panthic Committee to co-ordinate the movement for national independence.
	www.allaboutsikhs.com /history/his0126.htm (1730 words)

	South Asia - Colonialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Treaty of Mangalore [between Tipu Sultan and the East India Company], 11 March
		Treaties and Agreements relating to Afghanistan [8 documents]
		Treaty between Maharaja Gulab Singh and the Government of India, 16 March
	www.historyteacher.net /GlobalStudies/SoAsia_Colonialism.htm (1109 words)

	Treaty of Amritsar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Article 10: Maharaja Gulab Singh acknowledges the supremacy of the British government, and will, in token of such supremacy, present annually to the British government one horse, twelve perfect shawl goats of approved breed (six male and six female), and three pairs of Kashmir shawls.*
		This treaty consisting of ten articles, has been this day settled by Frederick Currie, Esq.
		Done at Amritsar, this 16th day of March, in the year of our Lord 1846, corresponding with the 17th day of Rabi-ul-Awwal, 1252 Hijri.
	www.kashmirpoint.com /importantdocs/treatyamirtasar.htm (409 words)

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