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Topic: Amsterdam Treaty

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	Treaty of Nice - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The primary purpose of the Treaty of Nice was to reform the institutional structure to withstand the Enlargement of the European Union, a task which was supposed to have been carried out at the Amsterdam Inter-Governmental Conference (IGC), but the Treaty of Amsterdam failed to address most of the issues.
		It was widely accepted that the Treaty of Nice has failed to deal with the basic question of wide-ranging institutional reform, the European Union institutions being widely viewed as overly complicated, and hence the establishment of the European Convention, leading to a new IGC in 2004, was agreed at Nice.
		Nor did the Treaty of Nice deal with the question of the incorporation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights into the Treaty; that was also left for the 2004 IGC after the opposition of the United Kingdom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Nice (1442 words)

	Amsterdam Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Treaty was the result of very long negotiations, which began in Messina, Sicily, on June 2, 1995, forty years after the signing of the Treaties of Rome and reached completion on the night of June 17-18, 1997, in Amsterdam.
		The next four Articles (70 paragraphs) amend the EC Treaty, the European Coal and Steel Community Treaty (which expired in 2002), the Euratom Treaty and the Act concerning the election of the European Parliament.
		The treaty introduced a High Representative for EU Foreign Policy who, together with the Presidents of the Council and the European Commission, puts a "name and a face" on EU policy in the outside world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amsterdam_Treaty (932 words)

	The Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) - The history of the European Union and European Citizenship
		The Treaty of Amsterdam was approved by the European Council held in Amsterdam on16-17 June 1997 and signed on 2 October 1997 by the Foreign Ministers of the fifteen member countries of the European Union.
		The text of the treaty went on being quite complicated -it consists of three parts, one annex and thirteen protocols- and is not easily intelligible neither to citizens, nor, even, to legal, economic and political agents that should act according to its regulations.
		The main change introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam is the establishment of a new post, labelled by the journalists as Mr.
	www.historiasiglo20.org /europe/amsterdam.htm (1538 words)

	The Treaty of Amsterdam - INTRODUCTION
		The Amsterdam Treaty, agreed by the political leaders on 17 June and signed on 2 October 1997, is the culmination of two full years of study and negotiation: nobody can say it has been thrown together or inadequately prepared.
		To a large extent the negotiation of the Amsterdam Treaty has proceeded systematically, as provided for at the Corfu Summit (June 1994): in the first half of 1995 each Institution was required to produce a detailed report on the working of the Treaty on European Union.
		The Maastricht Treaty was negotiated in the traditional way, on the basis of an original text which appeared early on in the negotiations (produced by the Luxembourg presidency) and was then the subject of numerous reservations, square brackets, counter-proposals and footnotes.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/98/98-2--INTRODUC.html (1945 words)

	European Disability Forum: Guide to the Amsterdam Treaty
		This conference culminated with the adoption of a new Treaty at Amsterdam in June 1997.
		Once the Amsterdam Treaty comes into force the Community shall be obliged to adopt legislation establishing general principles on access and determine limits on the right to access on grounds of public or private interest (new Article 255(2)).
		The European Parliament adopted its Resolution on the Amsterdam Treaty in Strasbourg on 19 November 1997.
	www.independentliving.org /docs3/edf98.html (18133 words)

	European Law / Amsterdam treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The heading to the 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam (in force 1st May 1999) reads "Treaty of Amsterdam amending the treaty on European Union., the treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related Acts".
		The 1997 Amsterdam Treaty had to be ratified by each of the Member States "in accordance with their respective constitutional requirements" before it came into force "on the first day of the second month following that in which the instrument of ratification is deposited by the last signatory State to fulfil that formality" (art 14(2)).
		From the UK employment law point of view, the main importance of the Treaty of Amsterdam is that it inserts the Social Chapter into the 1957 Treaty of Rome.
	emplaw.co.uk /load/4frame/data/972u25.htm?.../Amsterdamtreaty (552 words)

	ANIMAL WELFARE AND THE TREATY OF AMSTERDAM
		The Treaty, agreed in June 1997, was officially signed by the Member States of the European Union on 2 October 1997 and entered into force on first May 1999.
		The most important aspect of the Amsterdam Treaty, in terms of animal welfare, was the inclusion of a Protocol on animal welfare.
		Unfortunately, the Treaty still provides no legal basis for the introduction of legislation specifically intended to improve the welfare of animals and, therefore animal welfare-related legislation at EU level has to be based on other specific objectives of EU policy, such as the common agricultural policy, the internal market, and the environment.
	www.eurocbc.org /page673.html (349 words)

	Forthcoming referendums in EU states
		The Amsterdam Treaty has required an amendment to the constitution, before being ratified, as it boosts EU powers on foreign policy, immigration and crime fighting.
		In a letter, the Committee for a referendum on Maastricht (even if it was on the Amsterdam Treaty) said that the new treaty, agreed by EU leaders in Amsterdam the 17 June and signed the 2 October 1997, should be put to the voters before the Greek parliament ratified it.
		The Chamber of the Deputies (25.3.1998) and the Senate (3.6.1998) have approuved the Amsterdam Treaty.
	c2d.unige.ch /int/OverviewInstits/AT.html (879 words)

	European Law / Amsterdam treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Treaty of Amsterdam was agreed at the end of the European Council Summit meeting at Amsterdam on 16th and 17th June 1997.
		Most of the Treaty is "aspirational" and therefore, while it may have great political and economic significance, most of it has little direct legal impact.
		Article 12 of the Treaty of Amsterdam provides for renumbering of the articles, titles and sections of the EC Treaty, the 1957 Treaty of Rome (and of the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht).
	emplaw.co.uk /free/4frame/data/972u25.htm?.../Amsterdamtreaty (309 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --A--
		These are required to abide by the Union's Treaties, legal obligations and policy positions, to 'take such measures as may be necessary to ensure their implementation' and to acknowledge the supremacy of Community law.
		The Amsterdam Treaty introduced the principle of greater flexibility within the EU, but made it clear that this was a last resort and was applicable only to future developments.
		The Treaty of Amsterdam extended the scope of the procedure to cover the imposition of sanctions on a member state for serious and persistent breach of fundamental human rights.
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/a.html (3656 words)

	Treaty of Amsterdam Marks Another Step on the Way to a European Constitution
		The provisions of the Treaty do justice to the legitimate interests of countries that favour closer co-operation within the framework of the EU as well as to the considerations of those that do not wish to be involved in such co-operation right from the start.
		At the suggestion of the Dutch Presidency, the Treaty of Amsterdam now incorporates a sanctions mechanism which can be applied against any Member State guilty of serious and persistent violations of democratic principles or human rights.
		Although 'Amsterdam' has not done away with the veto, it has taken modest steps in the right direction by allowing constructive abstention and, under certain conditions, decisions to be taken by qualified majority vote in the General Affairs Council.
	www.hri.org /MFA/thesis/autumn97/amsterdam.html (3291 words)

	European Union Legal Materials
		Treaty of Amsterdam Amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties Establishing the European Communities and Certain Related Acts, Oct. 2, 1997, 1997 O.J. 56 (Treaty of Amsterdam).
		Treaty concerning the accession of the Czech Republic, the Republic of Estonia, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Republic of Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Slovenia and the Slovak Republic to the European Union (16 April 2003)
		The founding treaties state that the Court "shall ensure that in the interpretation and application of this Treaty the law is observed." The court sits in Luxembourg and the working language of the court is French.
	www.law.columbia.edu /library/Research_Guides/internat_law/eu (8447 words)

	Treaty establishing the European Communities (as amended by the Amsterdam Treaty) - Equal Employment Opportunities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Treaty Establishing the European Communities (as amended by the Amsterdam Treaty)
		Part III of the Treaty concerns Community policies, which includes social provisions and encourages the approximation of social systems, statutory provisions and administrative action in particular with regards to employment.
		Following the Treaty of Amsterdam, all social policy measures can be adopted on the basis of Part III, Title XI on Social Policy concerning the social provisions of social policy, education, vocational training and youth.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/employment/gems/eeo/eu/t_ec.htm (795 words)

	Treaty of Amsterdam Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As can be seen, the Treaty is a series of amendments to the existing Treaties and not a Treaty in its own right.
		As a result, the changes introduced by Amsterdam can only really be made sense of by consolidating the text into the existing Treaties.
		This we have done and details of our book on the Treaty of Amsterdam is shown on Treaty of Amsterdam in Perspective.
	www.eurotreaties.com /amsterdamtext.html (109 words)

	Resolution on the Amsterdam Treaty
		Regrets the absence from the Amsterdam Treaty of the institutional reforms needed for the effective and democratic functioning of an enlarged Union and affirms that these reforms should be completed before enlargement and as soon as possible so as not to delay the accessions;
		Considers that the Amsterdam Treaty marks the end of an historical era when the work of European unification could be undertaken, stage by stage, using the methods of classic diplomacy;
		Instructs its President to forward this resolution to the Commission, the Council and the parliaments and governments of the Member States and to ensure that, together with the session document on which it is based, it is made available to the public in Europe.
	www.europarl.eu.int /enlargement/positionep/resolutions/191197_en.htm (1913 words)

	Guide to the Amsterdam Treaty - Part 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Agenda 2000 was presented by the European Commission shortly after the Amsterdam Treaty was agreed, and sets out the Commission's detailed strategy for enlarging and strengthening the Union for the 21st century.
		Parliament was also a vigorous supporter of the incorporation of fundamental social rights into the Treaty – and reference to fundamental social rights was made in the Treaty text under the chapter on common provisions.
		The results of the IGC, and the Treaty – including the extension of majority voting to new areas –, were regarded as a positive step forward.
	www.edf-feph.org /Papers/teudocs/en/gat5-en.htm (2391 words)

	Treaty of Amsterdam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		When Dick Spring was Minister for Foreign Afairs he introduced a new definition of Irish neutrality, under which we are neutral as long as we have no commitment to come to the defence of other countries when they are attacked.
		The Maastricht treaty referred to the "eventual" framing; so we can now expect that work on the common defence policy will start quickly and is not in the dim distant future.
		By signing up to Amsterdam, the Irish people will be saying that they agree with the aim of replacing Irish neutrality by a common defence involving the WEU, and the only thing to be negotiated will be the terms.
	indigo.ie /~goodwill/amsterdam.html (547 words)

	The Amsterdam Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The EU Treaty lays down that "environmental protection requirements must be integrated into the definition and implementation of other Community policies." This is a sine qua non for sustainable growth respecting the environment.
		The Treaty of Amsterdam seeks to provide stronger guarantees than given by the Single Act and the Treaty on European Union by inserting the concept of sustainable development plus a new article in the Treaty establishing the European Community.
		This principle is now enshrined in the preamble and in the objectives of the EU Treaty.
	www.sustainable-stirling.org.uk /what_about/what_amsterdam.htm (165 words)

	THE TREATY OF AMSTERDAM: THE NEXT STEP TOWARDS GENDER EQUALITY? - Notes
		As of May 1999, the Amsterdam Treaty’s provisions have been incorporated into both the EC Treaty and the Treaty on European Union.
		Citations to the EC Treaty and the Treaty on European Union reflect the 1999 incorporations.
		The EEC Treaty is also known as the Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community and the Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community.
	www.bc.edu /bc_org/avp/law/lwsch/journals/bciclr/23_1/01_FTN.htm (3858 words)

	SYNASPISMOS and the AMSTERDAM TREATY
		Synaspismos considers that the outcome of the Amsterdam Treaty falls short of the needs of the citizens of Europe as well as of the demands of our times.
		There are, of course, steps for the improvement of the Maastricht Treaty in specific areas, especially in the civic rights chapter, but these improvements, judged as a whole, are marginal and difficult to distinguish for the Citizens of Europe.
		While the Single European Act and the Maastricht Treaty, in spite of the great problems of the latter which we pointed out from the beginning, constituted a step in the developmental process of the European Union, the Amsterdam Treaty does not share this characteristic.
	www.syn.gr /en/kpe/diarkes9804.htm (607 words)

	OPOCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Without prejudice to Article 151 of the Treaty establishing the European Community, a Political Committee shall monitor the international situation in the areas covered by the common foreign and security policy and contribute to the definition of policies by delivering opinions to the Council at the request of the Council or on its own initiative.
		By a declaration made at the time of signature of the Treaty of Amsterdam or at any time thereafter, any Member State shall be able to accept the jurisdiction of the Court of Justice to give preliminary rulings as specified in paragraph 1.
		By derogation from paragraphs 1 and 2, measures referred to in Article 73j(2)(b) (i) and (iii) shall, from the entry into force of the Treaty of Amsterdam, be adopted by the Council acting by a qualified majority on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the European Parliament.
	europa.eu.int /eur-lex/en/treaties/dat/amsterdam.html (16148 words)

	BRIA(9:3&4) Legislative Branch, women in congress, Lyndon Johnson, European Community
		Early in 1992, the Maastricht Treaty was submitted to the 12 EC nations for ratification.
		Major announced that he would not ask Parliament for final approval of the treaty unless Danish voters reversed their decision in a second referendum scheduled for the spring of 1993.
		In 1998, the Amsterdam Treaty marked yet another step towards full unification with its promise to allow EU citizens to work together more effectively in such areas as equality between men and women and immigration.
	crf-usa.org /bria/bria9_3&4.html (5378 words)

	CNN - Danes start voting on EU Amsterdam Treaty - May 28, 1998
		The Amsterdam Treaty would give the EU authority over visa and asylum policies in its 15 member countries and would pave the way for Eastern Europe countries to join.
		Danes -- who initially rejected the Maastricht Treaty, another cornerstone EU document -- have traditionally been attracted to and skeptical of closer ties to a group that could boost this small, prosperous Nordic welfare state, but also possibly overwhelm it.
		Most polls during the weeks leading up to the referendum have shown the "yes" vote ahead, though with a narrow lead, and Danes who thumbed their nose at the EU in 1992 seemed capable of doing so again.
	www.cnn.com /WORLD/europe/9805/28/denmark.vote (592 words)

	BU Law Library: Research: Researching the European Union (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		There are two different types of treaties involved with EU research: treaties which define the European Union, called primary legislation and treaties the EU enters into with other governments as part of its foreign policy.
		Treaty of Amsterdam (html) (amends the Treaty on European Union, and the Treaty Establishing the European Communities and Related Acts)
		The treaty establishing a Constitution for the European Union (which is still in the ratification process with the member states) is available online.
	www.bu.edu /lawlibrary/research/int/guides/guide_eu.htm (2181 words)

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